中觀 Madhyamaka · 書目Bibliography
本頁列全論主要底本、同頌異釋、吉藏逐文疏與系內互讀經論。各單元的具體引文、異讀與判釋，以該單元考據所列原句、作者、藏經號與頁欄行為準。
一、底本與卷首序
- T30n1564《中論》：龍樹菩薩造、梵志青目釋、姚秦三藏鳩摩羅什譯。四卷二十七品，是本冊唯一原典底本。
- T30n1564〈釋僧叡序〉：保存書名、造者、釋者、羅什裁補與四論並舉等傳譯見證，作本冊第 00 單元。
二、主要逐文疏
- T42n1824《中觀論疏》：隋吉藏撰。逐品全覆《中論》，是本冊考據與義疏的主要古德鏡。
- T45n1852《三論玄義》：隋吉藏撰。用於三論宗綱領、破邪顯正與二諦等系統互讀；不替代 T1824 逐文判釋。
- T45n1853《大乘玄論》、T45n1854《二諦義》：吉藏所傳玄義與二諦材料，只在有直接關聯處掛接。
三、同頌異釋與古譯見證
- T30n1566《般若燈論釋》：分別明造、波羅頗蜜多羅譯。與羅什本同頌異釋，在有實際對應處並列。
- T30n1567《大乘中觀釋論》：安慧造，惟淨等、法護等譯署並見。今存九卷十三品，據實作部分傳本使用。
- T30n1565《順中論義入大般若波羅蜜經初品法門》：龍勝造、無著釋、瞿曇般若流支譯。用於歸敬頌與般若讀法互照。
四、三論與龍樹系互讀
- T30n1568《十二門論》：龍樹造、鳩摩羅什譯。十二門中多處與因緣、作者、燃可燃、因果及十二支同軸互讀。
- T30n1569《百論》：提婆造、婆藪釋、鳩摩羅什譯。以外曰／內曰之對辯展示破執方法。
- T25n1509《大智度論》：龍樹造、鳩摩羅什譯。般若、四緣、二諦與譬喻等重要互讀來源。
- T32n1631《迴諍論》：龍樹造，毘目智仙、瞿曇流支譯。用於空、因緣、語言與反難的系內互照。
- T08n0227《小品般若波羅蜜經》：鳩摩羅什譯。與本論所引般若及十二因緣語境校讀。
本冊只以經典、古論與古德疏釋作文字及判釋依據。不同譯本與釋本各守自己的作者、譯者、文句與頁錨；並列可以互照，不因義近而拼成同一原文。
This page lists the primary Source Text, parallel ancient explanations, Jizang’s passage-by-passage commentary, and principal intertexts. Specific quotations, variants, and judgments are governed by the wording, attribution, canon number, and loci given in each unit’s Apparatus.
I. Source Text and Preface
- T30n1564, Treatise on the Middle: composed by Nāgārjuna, commented upon by Qingmu, and translated into Chinese by Kumārajīva. Its four fascicles and twenty-seven chapters are the sole Source Text of this edition.
- Seng Rui’s preface in T30n1564: preserves testimony concerning the title, author, commentator, Kumārajīva’s editorial role, and the four works read together. It forms unit 00.
II. Principal Passage-by-Passage Commentary
- T42n1824, Commentary on the Treatise on the Middle: composed by Jizang. It covers all twenty-seven chapters and serves as the principal ancient mirror in the Apparatus and Exposition.
- T45n1852, Profound Meaning of the Three Treatises: composed by Jizang. Used for larger Three Treatise structures, the clarification of the true through refuting error, and the two truths; it does not replace the passage commentary.
- T45n1853, Mahāyāna Profound Treatise, and T45n1854, Meaning of the Two Truths: Jizang’s broader materials are connected only where directly relevant.
III. Parallel Ancient Explanations and Translations
- T30n1566, Prajñāpradīpa Commentary: composed by Bhāviveka and translated by Prabhākaramitra. Compared with Kumārajīva’s recension where an actual verse or argument corresponds.
- T30n1567, Mahāyāna Madhyamaka Commentary: composed by Sthiramati, with attributions to Weijing and others and to Dharmarakṣa and others. The surviving nine fascicles cover thirteen chapters and are used as a partial witness.
- T30n1565, Treatise According with the Middle That Enters the Dharma-Gate of the First Chapter of the Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra: Nāgārjuna’s verses with a commentary attributed to Asaṅga, translated by Gautama Prajñāruci. Used for the homage verses and their prajñā context.
IV. Intertexts Within the Three Treatises and Nāgārjuna Corpus
- T30n1568, Twelve Gate Treatise: composed by Nāgārjuna and translated by Kumārajīva. Its gates parallel discussions of conditions, agency, fire and fuel, cause and effect, and the twelve links.
- T30n1569, Hundred Treatise: composed by Deva, commented upon by Vasu, and translated by Kumārajīva. Its outsider/insider exchanges show the method of releasing fixed positions in direct debate.
- T25n1509, Great Treatise on the Perfection of Wisdom: attributed to Nāgārjuna and translated by Kumārajīva. A major source for prajñā, the four conditions, the two truths, and shared analogies.
- T32n1631, Vigrahavyāvartanī: composed by Nāgārjuna and translated by Vimokṣaprajñārṣi and Gautama Prajñāruci. Used for interreading emptiness, conditions, language, and objections.
- T08n0227, Small Perfection of Wisdom Sutra: translated by Kumārajīva. Used when reading the treatise’s transmitted prajñā citations and the twelve-link context.
Reader-facing textual and interpretive authority is limited to scriptures, ancient treatises, and ancient masters. Each translation and commentary retains its own author, translator, wording, and loci. Parallel sources may illuminate one another; similarity does not make them one verbatim text.
本頁列今本底本、卷首序、吉藏逐文疏與三論系內主要互讀。各單元的具體引文、名相與判釋，以該單元考據所列原句、作者、藏經號與頁欄行為準。
一、底本與卷首序
- T30n1569《百論》：提婆菩薩造、婆藪開士釋、姚秦三藏鳩摩羅什譯。二卷十品，是本冊唯一原典底本。
- T30n1569〈序〉：釋僧肇作。保存造論因緣、造釋譯校四層、百偈與今傳十品等見證，作本冊第 00 單元。
二、主要逐文疏
- T42n1827《百論疏》：隋吉藏撰。三卷，逐品全覆今本十品，是本冊考據與義疏的主要古德鏡。
- T45n1852《三論玄義》：隋吉藏撰。用於三論宗綱領、破邪顯正與三論相互位置；不替代 T1827 逐文判釋。
- T45n1853《大乘玄論》、T45n1854《二諦義》：只在直接相關之處作吉藏系內互讀。
三、三論互讀
- T30n1564《中論》：龍樹造、青目釋、鳩摩羅什譯。與本論一異、因果、有無、常斷及空義相互照見。
- T30n1568《十二門論》：龍樹造、鳩摩羅什譯。其一異、相、有無、因果、作者與生等門可與本論相關品並讀。
- T42n1824《中觀論疏》、T42n1825《十二門論疏》：吉藏另外二部逐文疏，只在三論科判直接相接處引用。
四、經論與傳譯互讀原則
本論所引佛語、譬喻及古代學派主張，首先依 T30n1569 所傳形態呈現；可核的佛典平行文與古德解釋列於各品考據。漢傳未見另一部與今本十品逐品相應的異譯異釋，故不為形式齊整而借不相應材料填補。
本冊只以經典、古論與古德疏釋作文字及判釋依據。古代學派名稱與法數守漢譯所傳，不以近現代研究術語替換原文，也不把吉藏後釋倒署成提婆或婆藪之說。
This page lists the Source Text, preface, Jizang’s passage-by-passage commentary, and principal intertexts within the Three Treatises. Specific quotations, terms, and judgments are governed by the wording, attribution, canon number, and loci given in each unit’s Apparatus.
I. Source Text and Preface
- T30n1569, Hundred Treatise: composed by Deva, commented upon by Vasu, and translated into Chinese by Kumārajīva. Its two fascicles and ten chapters are the sole Source Text of this edition.
- Sengzhao’s preface in T30n1569: preserves the occasion of composition, the four levels of composition, commentary, translation, and revision, and testimony concerning one hundred verses and the ten chapters transmitted into Chinese. It forms unit 00.
II. Principal Passage-by-Passage Commentary
- T42n1827, Commentary on the Hundred Treatise: composed by Jizang. Its three fascicles cover all ten surviving chapters and serve as the principal ancient mirror in the Apparatus and Exposition.
- T45n1852, Profound Meaning of the Three Treatises: composed by Jizang. Used for the broader place of the work among the Three Treatises and the clarification of truth through refuting error; it does not replace T1827’s passage commentary.
- T45n1853, Mahāyāna Profound Treatise, and T45n1854, Meaning of the Two Truths: connected only where a direct Jizang intertext bears on the chapter.
III. Interreading Across the Three Treatises
- T30n1564, Treatise on the Middle: composed by Nāgārjuna, commented upon by Qingmu, and translated by Kumārajīva. Read with the Hundred Treatise on unity and difference, cause and effect, existence and nonexistence, permanence and annihilation, and emptiness.
- T30n1568, Twelve Gate Treatise: composed by Nāgārjuna and translated by Kumārajīva. Its gates on identity and difference, marks, existence and nonexistence, cause and effect, agency, and arising pair with related chapters here.
- T42n1824, Commentary on the Treatise on the Middle, and T42n1825, Commentary on the Twelve Gate Treatise: Jizang’s other passage commentaries, used only where his Three Treatise structures connect directly.
IV. Principles for Scriptural and Transmission Intertexts
The Buddha’s sayings, analogies, and ancient school positions cited by the treatise are first presented in the form transmitted by T30n1569. Verifiable scriptural parallels and ancient explanations appear in individual Apparatus pages. No second Chinese translation or chapter-by-chapter commentary corresponding to the ten chapters is used, because none is transmitted; unrelated material is not inserted to create formal symmetry.
Reader-facing textual and interpretive authority is limited to scriptures, ancient treatises, and ancient masters. Ancient school names and enumerations retain their Chinese transmitted forms. Jizang’s later interpretation is never reassigned to Deva or Vasu.
本頁列今本底本、卷首品目與序、吉藏逐文疏及三論系內主要互讀。各門的具體引文、名相與判釋，以該單元考據所列原句、作者、藏經號與頁欄行為準。
一、底本與卷首材料
- T30n1568《十二門論》：龍樹菩薩造、姚秦三藏鳩摩羅什譯。一卷十二門，是本冊唯一原典底本。
- T30n1568〈品目〉與序：品目列十二門與門義小注；序末僧叡自署並說題品義於首。兩者合為本冊第 00 單元的兩個子位。
二、主要逐文疏
- T42n1825《十二門論疏》：隋吉藏撰。三卷，逐門全覆今本十二門，是本冊考據與義疏的主要古德鏡。
- T45n1852《三論玄義》：隋吉藏撰。用於三論宗綱領、門義與三論相互位置；不替代 T1825 逐文判釋。
- T45n1853《大乘玄論》、T45n1854《二諦義》：只在直接相關處作吉藏系內互讀。
三、三論互讀
- T30n1564《中論》：龍樹造、青目釋、鳩摩羅什譯。因緣、作者、燃可燃、因果、十二支與生等論域可相互照見。
- T30n1569《百論》：提婆造、婆藪釋、鳩摩羅什譯。一異、相、有無、因果、作者與空執等可與相關門並讀。
- T42n1824《中觀論疏》、T42n1827《百論疏》：吉藏另外二部逐文疏，只在三論科判直接相接處引用。
四、龍樹系與般若互讀
- T25n1509《大智度論》：龍樹造、鳩摩羅什譯。般若、因緣、四緣、有為無為與譬喻等重要互讀來源。
- T32n1631《迴諍論》：龍樹造，毘目智仙、瞿曇流支譯。用於空、因緣、語言與反難的系內互照。
- 般若諸經：本論自稱略解摩訶衍與空義；各門實際引經依單元考據所列漢譯經本與頁錨核對。
漢傳未見另一部與十二門逐門相應的異譯異釋，故不為形式齊整借不相應材料填補。本冊只以經典、古論與古德疏釋作文字及判釋依據；吉藏後釋明標其名，不倒署成龍樹本文。
This page lists the Source Text, opening Table of Gates and preface, Jizang’s passage-by-passage commentary, and principal intertexts. Specific quotations, terms, and judgments are governed by the wording, attribution, canon number, and loci given in each gate’s Apparatus.
I. Source Text and Opening Materials
- T30n1568, Twelve Gate Treatise: composed by Nāgārjuna and translated into Chinese by Kumārajīva. Its one fascicle and twelve gates are the sole Source Text of this edition.
- Table of Gates and preface in T30n1568: the Table of Gates lists the twelve gates and brief explanations; the preface names Rui and says that he placed the meanings and titles at the beginning. Together they form the two subpositions of unit 00.
II. Principal Passage-by-Passage Commentary
- T42n1825, Commentary on the Twelve Gate Treatise: composed by Jizang. Its three fascicles cover all twelve gates and serve as the principal ancient mirror in the Apparatus and Exposition.
- T45n1852, Profound Meaning of the Three Treatises: composed by Jizang. Used for larger Three Treatise structures, gate meaning, and the relation among the three works; it does not replace T1825’s passage commentary.
- T45n1853, Mahāyāna Profound Treatise, and T45n1854, Meaning of the Two Truths: connected only where a direct Jizang intertext bears on the gate.
III. Interreading Across the Three Treatises
- T30n1564, Treatise on the Middle: composed by Nāgārjuna, commented upon by Qingmu, and translated by Kumārajīva. Interread on conditions, action and agent, fire and fuel, cause and effect, the twelve links, and arising.
- T30n1569, Hundred Treatise: composed by Deva, commented upon by Vasu, and translated by Kumārajīva. Interread on identity and difference, marks, existence and nonexistence, cause and effect, agency, and attachment to emptiness.
- T42n1824, Commentary on the Treatise on the Middle, and T42n1827, Commentary on the Hundred Treatise: Jizang’s other passage commentaries, used only where his Three Treatise structures connect directly.
IV. Nāgārjuna-Corpus and Prajñā Intertexts
- T25n1509, Great Treatise on the Perfection of Wisdom: attributed to Nāgārjuna and translated by Kumārajīva. A major intertext for prajñā, causes and conditions, the four conditions, conditioned and unconditioned dharmas, and shared analogies.
- T32n1631, Vigrahavyāvartanī: composed by Nāgārjuna and translated by Vimokṣaprajñārṣi and Gautama Prajñāruci. Used for emptiness, conditions, language, and objections.
- Prajñā scriptures: the treatise calls itself a brief explanation of Mahāyāna and emptiness. Actual scriptural citations are checked against the Chinese scripture and loci named in each gate’s Apparatus.
No second Chinese translation or gate-by-gate commentary corresponding to all twelve gates is transmitted, so unrelated material is not inserted for formal symmetry. Reader-facing authority is limited to scriptures, ancient treatises, and ancient masters. Jizang’s later interpretation is always attributed and never reassigned to Nāgārjuna.