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唯識 Yogācāra · 書目Bibliography

唯識二十論

本書目唯列本譯注實際依憑之典據——底本、漢譯異本、古德註疏,及唯識系內之姊妹互讀編本。所載皆藏經現存之本,逐字徵引有據;現代校勘本、藏譯、現代學者重構之說,俱不入本書目(依本書體例:引據唯經與古德)。繼以玄奘譯本二十三頌之偈頌對照表,俾讀者覆按其文、互參其位。


一、底本

題名譯者·朝代藏經號角色
唯識二十論唐 · 玄奘 譯(660 CE)T31n1590一卷底本(偈頌與世親自註並譯,法相一宗所據;本編逐偈所宗之本)

二、異譯漢本(對勘校本)

底本之外,今存漢譯二本並陳,皆散文體,逐字可勘:

題名著者 · 譯者·朝代藏經號對校角色
唯識論天親菩薩造 · 後魏 · 瞿曇般若流支譯(約 508–535 CE)T31n1588一卷最古漢譯(今存最古之漢譯本;本編參校)
大乘唯識論天親菩薩造 · 陳 · 真諦譯(約 557–569 CE)T31n1589一卷參校本(卷首有智愷等序)

著者名異譯:T31n1588、T31n1589 著者題作「天親」,T31n1590、T31n1591 題作「世親」,同為 Vasubandhu,乃譯者用字之異,非二人。詳見逐偈〈譯名〉。


三、古德註疏

撰者 · 譯者·朝代著作藏經號卷·釋本論範圍角色
護法菩薩造 · 唐 · 玄奘 譯(660 CE)成唯識寶生論T31n1591二十論之釋論,逐偈疏解(卷數待覆核)護法一線之主要釋據(與本論相配,逐偈承用其義)

四、本系列互讀(唯識系姊妹編本)

題名編本承用·相涉之義
大乘百法明門論baifa百法之法相分類;本編逐偈所附法相互見編號即指此
唯識三十論頌sanshisong二十論之姊妹論:二十論立宗·防難,三十論開展體系,二者同據百法之法相

五、偈頌對照表

下表列玄奘譯本(T31n1590)二十三頌之編號、標題、所屬大段、及頌與自註之台藏本位(皆 T31n1590)。

標題頌位自註位
立宗·答四難p0074c03–04p0074c05–14
夢鬼喻·四義皆成p0074c15–16p0074c17–29
地獄喻·四義皆成p0075a01–02p0075a03–16
拒傍生鬼為獄卒p0075a17–18p0075a19–26
業力轉變·返問識變p0075a27–28p0075a29–b01
業熏在識·有果立基p0075b02–03p0075b04–09
密意說色處·化生為喻p0075b10–11p0075b12–16
識從自種·密意說處p0075b17–18p0075b19–24
二無我·依教悟入p0075b25–26p0075b27–c15
非一非多·境三難立破p0075c16–17p0075c18–26
十一極微六合難·二難立破p0075c27–28p0075c29–076a05
十二極微既無合·聚合者誰p0076a06–07p0076a08–14
十三極微方分二難·有無皆過p0076a15–16p0076a17–b01
十四粗色一說·四過難·§參結成p0076b02–03p0076b04–17
十五現覺如夢·破現量p0076b18–19p0076b20–28
十六似境識生·從此生憶念p0076b29p0076c01–07
十七未覺不能知·夢覺平等p0076c08p0076c09–17
十八展轉增上力·二識決定p0076c18p0076c19–23
十九心由睡眠壞·夢覺果不同p0076c24p0076c25–28
二十由他識轉變·殺害事業p0076c29–077a01p0077a02–08
二十一彈咤迦等空·意罰為大罪p0077a09–10p0077a11–18
二十二他心智·知境不如實p0077a22–23p0077a24–b01
二十三隨能·結頌p0077b02–03p0077b04–07

大段:壹 立宗·答四難(一—七)/貳 業·共業·教證(八—九)/參 破極微(十—十四)/肆 破現量·夢覺·教證(十五—二十一)/伍 他心知·結頌(二十二—二十三)。

This bibliography records only the sources this translation actually relies upon — the base text, the Chinese variant translations, the ancient commentaries, and the sister editions within the Yogācāra series for cross-reading. All are texts extant in the canon, cited verbatim with attestation; modern critical editions, Tibetan translations, and modern scholars' reconstructions are not admitted (per this work's policy: only scripture and the ancient masters are cited as authority). A concordance of the twenty-three verses of Xuanzang's translation follows, so the reader may check the text and cross-refer its placement.


I. Base Text

TitleTranslator · DynastyCBETAFasc.Role
Viṃśatikā Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi (《唯識二十論》)tr. Xuanzang, Tang (660 CE)T31n15901Base text (verse together with Vasubandhu's auto-commentary; the base of the Faxiang school, and the text this edition follows verse by verse)

II. Chinese Variant Translations (Collation Witnesses)

Apart from the base text, two further Chinese renderings survive, both in prose and collatable word by word:

TitleAuthor · Translator · DynastyCBETAFasc.Collation Role
《唯識論》By Vasubandhu (天親) · tr. Prajñāruci, Northern Wei (c. 508–535 CE)T31n15881Oldest Chinese rendering (the oldest surviving Chinese translation; a reference for this edition)
《大乘唯識論》By Vasubandhu (天親) · tr. Paramārtha, Chen (c. 557–569 CE)T31n15891Reference translation (with a preface by Zhikai and others)

Variant rendering of the author's name: T31n1588 and T31n1589 give the author as 天親, T31n1590 and T31n1591 as 世親 — both render Vasubandhu, a difference of translators' usage, not of persons. See the per-verse Translation Choices.


III. Ancient Commentary

Author · Translator · DynastyWorkCBETAScope of commentaryRole
By Dharmapāla · tr. Xuanzang, Tang (660 CE)《成唯識寶生論》T31n1591A commentary on the Viṃśatikā, expounding it verse by verse (fascicle count to be reconfirmed)Principal Dharmapāla-line commentarial reference (the natural commentarial pair to the treatise, drawing on its sense verse by verse)

IV. Related Editions in This Series (Yogācāra Sister Editions)

TitleEditionSense drawn upon / shared
《大乘百法明門論》baifaThe taxonomy of the hundred dharmas; the cross-references appended to each verse point here
《唯識三十論頌》sanshisongThe sister treatise: the Viṃśatikā establishes and defends the thesis, the Triṃśikā unfolds the system; both rest on the dharma-taxonomy of baifa

V. Verse Concordance

The table lists, for each of the twenty-three verses of Xuanzang's translation (T31n1590), the number, title, cluster, and the Taishō locators of verse and auto-commentary (all T31n1590).

v.TitleCl.VerseAuto-comm.
1Establishing the Thesis · Raising the Four ObjectionsIp0074c03–04p0074c05–14
2Dream and Preta · The Four Senses All EstablishedIp0074c15–16p0074c17–29
3The Hell-Realm Illustration · The Four Senses All EstablishedIp0075a01–02p0075a03–16
4Rejecting the «Animals as Hell-Guards» RescueIp0075a17–18p0075a19–26
5Karma's Transformative Force · Why Not Consciousness?Ip0075a27–28p0075a29–b01
6Karmic Perfuming · Karma Anchors in ConsciousnessIp0075b02–03p0075b04–09
7Hidden Intent · Why the Buddha Spoke of Form-BasesIp0075b10–11p0075b12–16
8Consciousness Arises from Its Own Seeds · The Form-Bases SpecifiedIIp0075b17–18p0075b19–24
9The Two No-Selfs · Entering by TeachingIIp0075b25–26p0075b27–c15
10Neither One Nor Many · The Three Critiques of the External ObjectIIIp0075c16–17p0075c18–26
11The Atom's Six-Direction Contact · A Twin RefutationIIIp0075c27–28p0075c29–076a05
12If Atoms Have No Combination · Who Then Combines?IIIp0076a06–07p0076a08–14
13The Atom's Directional-Parts Dilemma · Both Having and Lacking Are FaultyIIIp0076a15–16p0076a17–b01
14Gross-Form-as-One · The Four Faults · §III's ConclusionIIIp0076b02–03p0076b04–17
15Direct-Perception Cognition as Dream-like · Refuting PratyakṣaIVp0076b18–19p0076b20–28
16The Cognition Bearing the Semblance of an Object · From This, Memory ArisesIVp0076b29p0076c01–07
17The Not-Yet-Awakened Cannot Know · Dream and Waking are EqualIVp0076c08p0076c09–17
18The Unfolding Augmenting Force · Two Consciousnesses Become DeterminateIVp0076c18p0076c19–23
19The Mind is Impaired by Sleep · Dream and Waking Fruits DifferIVp0076c24p0076c25–28
20Through Other-Mind-Stream Transformation · The Affair of KillingIVp0076c29–077a01p0077a02–08
21Daṇḍaka and the Other Forests Became Empty · Mental Punishment is the Great Karmic OffenseIVp0077a09–10p0077a11–18
22Knowledge of Other Minds · Knowing the Object Not As It Truly IsVp0077a22–23p0077a24–b01
23According to My Ability · The Colophonic VerseVp0077b02–03p0077b04–07

Clusters: I Establishing the thesis; answering the four objections (1–7) · II Karma, common karma, scriptural witness (8–9) · III Refuting the atom (10–14) · IV Refuting perception-realism; dream and waking; scriptural witness (15–21) · V Other-mind cognition; the closing verse (22–23).

解深密經

本書目唯列本譯注實際依憑之典據——根本經、漢譯異本、論中平行、古德註疏,及唯識系後世承衍諸論。本版的經文與釋義引據,以漢譯藏經及古德所傳為範圍;藏譯與梵文材料僅作版本存佚說明。


一、底本(根本經)

題名譯者·朝代藏經號卷品角色
解深密經唐 · 玄奘 奉詔譯T16n0676五卷·八品底本(唯識系所宗之全本誦本,後世唯識論典承衍其義)

八品脊樑:序品 · 勝義諦相品 · 心意識相品 · 一切法相品 · 無自性相品 · 分別瑜伽品 · 地波羅蜜多品 · 如來成所作事品。


二、異譯(漢譯諸本·對勘校本)

異譯逐字對勘為考據之據;異文即義之所在。現存五個大正藏記錄代表四條漢譯傳承;底本之外,三條傳承見於四個記錄:

題名譯者·朝代藏經號卷·涵蓋對校角色
深密解脫經元魏 · 菩提流支T16n0675五卷·十一品(品二至五對應玄奘品二;品六至十一依次對應玄奘品三至八)主對校(同為全本,依對應段可勘)
佛說解節經陳 · 真諦T16n0677一卷·四品(完整對應玄奘品二;相對全經則為節譯)品二全品對校
相續解脫地波羅蜜了義經劉宋 · 求那跋陀羅T16n0678一卷·內容當品七(原文無正式品目)品七對校
相續解脫如來所作隨順處了義經劉宋 · 求那跋陀羅T16n0679一卷·內容當品八(原文無正式品目)品八逐段對校

全本對校以流支《深密解脫經》為主;其十一品與玄奘八品並非一對一,品二至五對應玄奘品二,後六品依次對應玄奘品三至八。真諦《佛說解節經》四品完整對應玄奘品二,相對全經則為節譯;求那一條翻譯傳承分存兩個記錄,各在品七、品八對校時取。


三、論中平行

T30n1579 題為彌勒菩薩說、玄奘譯;其《瑜伽師地論·攝決擇分》卷七十五至七十八具名明引本經品二至品八,卷五十一另保存品三瀑流偈的逐字平行,與 T676 同一漢譯人:

題名譯者·朝代藏經號卷·涵蓋角色
瑜伽師地論 · 攝決擇分彌勒菩薩說 · 唐玄奘譯T30n1579卷七十五至七十八·品二 0713c28–0717b07;品三 0718a07–0718c03;品四 0718c04–0719b13;品五 0719b14–0723b09;品六 0723b18–0729a09;品七 0729a18–0733c15 前半;品八 0733c15 後半–0736c12;卷五十一品三瀑流偈 0579a15–16論中平行(與 T676 同一漢譯人)

四、本版所取古德註疏

本版核心取下列三家;另有古代論疏徵引本經,目錄亦著錄其他專疏,故本表不是古代材料的窮舉:

撰者·朝代著作藏經號卷·釋本經範圍角色
唐 · 圓測解深密經疏X21n0369原十卷·現存漢文本九卷;逐品疏至品八第三問「化身善巧」後中斷(現存科文為科判定位之主錨;不稱完整全經疏)
唐 · 遁倫瑜伽論記T42n1828二十四卷;釋攝決擇分明引本經品二至品八之段釋論中平行段,逐品對校時取
唐 · 窺基大乘法苑義林章T45n1861七卷;多處明引或近引本經唯識義林座標(術語·唯識義旁參)

圓測疏原十卷,現存漢文本九卷,品八第四問言音差別以下無傳;本版只在現存範圍內取其科文與釋義。遁倫與窺基之外,其他古代論疏亦有本經徵引,宜按實際出處另行查考。


五、梵本

現況
梵文傳承現未見完整梵文寫本;殘片及他書引文仍有存者,本版不取為校勘權威。
藏譯藏譯全本 Toh 106 僅作版本目錄,不取其文為本版經文之據。
本版取據經文與釋義以漢譯藏經及古德所傳為據。

本書梵文唯依古德所傳(玄奘所譯·古德音寫·勘梵注)為座標;術語羅馬字一律標為發音輔助,繫於古德漢譯所傳之讀音,不作經文校勘權威。


六、唯識系後世互讀索引

《解深密經》為唯識系經源;下表以藏經號識別可供互讀的後世論典。表中主題是導航提示;只有另列行號者才作精確來源主張:

題名撰者藏經號互讀主題
大乘百法明門論天親(世親)T31n1614心法·心所(賴耶建立所攝)
唯識三十論頌世親T31n1586八識(賴耶·瀑流喻)·三性·三無性
唯識二十論世親T31n1590唯識無境·遣遍計所執
辯中邊論世親(彌勒本頌)T31n1600三性·〈辯修分位品〉三身〔0473a09–11〕
攝大乘論無著T31n1594具名直引:品三阿陀那/瀑流段 0133b25–28、品六心影唯識段 0138b04(後半)–0138b14(前半);主題互讀:三性與無自性密意·彼果智分(三身)·果斷分(轉依)
成唯識論護法等·玄奘譯T31n1585賴耶建立·三性三無性·究竟位(四智·三身·轉依·二障斷)

每一經眼只列與本經義理實相關的後世承衍論典,並以藏經號、品分與頌號定位。

This bibliography lists only the sources this translation actually relies upon — the root sūtra, its Chinese alternate translations, the treatise parallel, the ancient masters' commentaries, and later Yogācāra reception cited for cross-reading. Scripture in Chinese translation and the ancient masters form the edition's authority base; Tibetan and Sanskrit materials are noted only for manuscript and version inventory.


1 · Root Text (base witness)

TitleTranslator · DynastyTaishō / Xuzangjing no.Fascicles · ChaptersRole
解深密經 Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtraXuanzang 玄奘 (Tang, by imperial decree)T16n06765 fascicles · 8 chaptersBase text (the complete recitation witness used by the Yogācāra school; later Yogācāra treatises receive and develop its doctrine)

The eight chapters: 序品 Introduction · 勝義諦相品 The Mark of Ultimate Truth · 心意識相品 The Marks of Mind, Manas, and Consciousness · 一切法相品 The Marks of All Dharmas · 無自性相品 The Absence of Intrinsic Nature · 分別瑜伽品 The Yoga of Discernment · 地波羅蜜多品 The Grounds and the Perfections · 如來成所作事品 The Tathāgata's Accomplishment of What Is to Be Done.


2 · Alternate Translations (Chinese collation witnesses)

Verbatim collation across the alternate translations grounds the apparatus; the variant readings are where the meaning resides. Five Taishō records preserve four Chinese translation traditions; alongside the base text, three traditions appear in four records:

TitleTranslator · DynastyTaishō no.Fascicle · CoverageCollation role
深密解脫經Bodhiruci 菩提流支 (Northern Wei)T16n06755 fasc. · 11 chapters (ch. 2–5 correspond to Xuanzang's ch. 2; ch. 6–11 to his ch. 3–8)primary collation (a complete witness, collatable by corresponding passage)
佛說解節經Paramārtha 真諦 (Chen)T16n06771 fasc. · 4 chapters (the full counterpart to Xuanzang's ch. 2; partial only relative to the whole sūtra)full-chapter collation for ch. 2
相續解脫地波羅蜜了義經Guṇabhadra 求那跋陀羅 (Liu-Song)T16n06781 fasc. · corresponds to ch. 7 (no formal chapter mulu in the source)collation for ch. 7
相續解脫如來所作隨順處了義經Guṇabhadra 求那跋陀羅 (Liu-Song)T16n06791 fasc. · corresponds to ch. 8 (no formal chapter mulu in the source)segment-by-segment collation for ch. 8

Complete-text collation runs primarily against Bodhiruci's eleven-chapter 深密解脫經; its chapter divisions do not correspond one-for-one with Xuanzang's eight. Paramārtha's four-chapter 佛說解節經 is the full counterpart to Xuanzang's Chapter 2 and partial only relative to the whole sūtra. One Guṇabhadra translation tradition survives in two records, used respectively for Chapters 7 and 8.


3 · Treatise Parallel

T30n1579 is attributed to Maitreya and translated by Xuanzang. Its Viniścaya-saṃgrahaṇī explicitly names and quotes Chapters 2–8 in fascicles 75–78; fascicle 51 also preserves a verbatim parallel of Chapter 3's torrent verse. T1579 and T676 share Xuanzang as Chinese translator:

TitleTranslator · DynastyTaishō no.Fascicle · CoverageRole
瑜伽師地論 · 攝決擇分attributed to Maitreya 彌勒菩薩 · trans. Xuanzang 玄奘 (Tang)T30n1579fasc. 75–78 · ch. 2 0713c28–0717b07; ch. 3 0718a07–0718c03; ch. 4 0718c04–0719b13; ch. 5 0719b14–0723b09; ch. 6 0723b18–0729a09; ch. 7 0729a18–0733c15 first half; ch. 8 0733c15 second half–0736c12; fasc. 51 ch. 3 torrent verse 0579a15–16treatise parallel (same Chinese translator as T676)

4 · Ancient Masters Selected for This Edition

This edition selects the following three core sources. Other ancient treatises cite the sūtra, and catalogues record other dedicated commentaries; this table is not exhaustive:

Author · DynastyWorkTaishō / Xuzangjing no.Fascicles · Range commentedRole
Woncheuk 圓測 (Tang)解深密經疏 Commentary on the Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtraX21n0369originally 10 fasc.; 9 survive in Chinese; chapter-by-chapter exegesis breaks off in ch. 8 after the third question, “skillful means of the transformation-body”principal (the extant outline anchors the structural mapping; not described as a complete full-sūtra commentary)
Dunlun 遁倫 (Tang)瑜伽論記 Notes on the YogācārabhūmiT42n182824 fasc.; comments on the Viniścaya-saṃgrahaṇī passages quoting ch. 2–8drawn upon when collating the treatise parallels
Kuiji 窺基 (Tang)大乘法苑義林章 Forest of Categories of the Mahāyāna Dharma-GardenT45n18617 fasc.; explicitly quotes or closely parallels the sūtra in multiple passagesYogācāra doctrinal coordinate

Woncheuk's commentary was originally ten fascicles; nine survive in Chinese, and the text from Chapter 8's fourth question onward is not transmitted. This edition uses only its extant outline and explanations. Ancient citations outside Dunlun and Kuiji remain available for source-specific consultation.


5 · Sanskrit Witness

ItemStatus
Sanskrit transmissionNo complete Sanskrit manuscript is known; fragments and quotations in other works survive but are not used as textual authority in this edition.
Tibetan translationThe complete Tibetan translation, Toh 106 ('Phags pa dgongs pa nges par 'grel pa), is listed for inventory only; its wording is not used as the basis of this edition.
Authority baseScripture in Chinese translation and the ancient masters supply the wording and interpretation cited in this edition.

Romanized terms are marked throughout as pronunciation aids, anchored to what the ancient masters transmitted in Chinese renderings, transliterations, and collation notes. They do not function as textual authority for the scripture.


6 · Later Yogācāra Cross-Reading Index

The Saṃdhinirmocana is a Yogācāra source-sūtra. The table identifies later works by Taishō number for thematic navigation; only entries that print a locus make a precise source claim:

TitleAuthorTaishō no.Cross-reading topic
大乘百法明門論 Mahāyāna-śatadharma-vidyādvāra-śāstraVasubandhu 天親T31n1614mind and mental factors (under the ālaya establishment)
唯識三十論頌 TriṃśikāVasubandhu 世親T31n1586the eight consciousnesses (ālaya · cascade simile) · three natures · three non-natures
唯識二十論 ViṃśatikāVasubandhu 世親T31n1590consciousness-only without object · removal of wholly-imagined grasping
辯中邊論 Madhyānta-vibhāgaVasubandhu (root verses by Maitreya)T31n1600three natures · three bodies in the Chapter Distinguishing the Stages of Cultivation 〔0473a09–11〕
攝大乘論 Mahāyāna-saṃgrahaAsaṅga 無著T31n1594named direct quotations: Ch. 3 ādāna/torrent passage 0133b25–28; Ch. 6 mind-image passage 0138b04 (latter half)–0138b14 (first half). Thematic cross-readings: three natures and the hidden intent of non-nature · Fruit-Wisdom (three bodies) · Fruit-Severance (transformation of the basis)
成唯識論 Cheng Weishi LunDharmapāla et al. · trans. XuanzangT31n1585establishment of the ālaya · three natures and three non-natures · the ultimate stage (four wisdoms · three bodies · transformed basis · severance of the two obstructions)

Each focal point lists only genuinely relevant works of later Yogācāra reception, located by canon number, chapter, division, or verse.

Translator · 釋慧鏡 Shi Huijing — with AI-assisted consistency checking

License · CC BY-NC-SA 4.0