菩提流志

《開元釋教錄》記其名之更易：「沙門菩提流志。本名達摩流支。唐言法希。天后改為菩提流志。唐云覺愛」〔T55n2154 0570a03〕。《宋高僧傳》卷三本傳記其所自：「釋菩提流志，南天竺國人也，淨行婆羅門種，姓迦葉氏」〔T50n2061 0720b04〕；「年十二，就外道出家，事波羅奢羅，學聲明、僧佉等論」〔T50n2061 0720b05〕。十二歲即出家，所入卻不是佛家之門。

The Kaiyuan Catalogue of the Teachings records the changing of his name: "The monk Bodhiruci: his original name was Dharmaruci, in the Tang tongue Faxi; the Empress changed it to Bodhiruci, in the Tang tongue Jue'ai" 〔T55n2154 0570a03〕. His Life in the third scroll of the Song Lives of Eminent Monks records where he came from: "Bodhiruci was a man of the kingdom of South India, of the brahmin caste of pure practice, of the Kāśyapa clan" 〔T50n2061 0720b04〕; "At twelve he went forth under an outsider path, served Parāśara, and studied treatises on grammar and on the Sāṃkhya" 〔T50n2061 0720b05〕. He left home at twelve — but the door he entered was not the Buddha's.

迴心在晚。「年逾耳順，方乃迴心，知外法之乖違，悟釋門之淵默，隱居山谷，積習頭陀」〔T50n2061 0720b07〕；「初依耶舍瞿沙三藏學諸經論，其後遊歷五天，遍親講肆」〔T50n2061 0720b08〕。《開元錄》記其迴心之由，在一場輸掉的論議：「時有大乘上座部三藏。厥號耶舍瞿沙。知其根熟遂與交論。未越幾關詞理俱屈」〔T55n2154 0570a09〕；既屈而事之，「未越五年通達三藏」〔T55n2154 0570a13〕。六十之外方入佛門，而五年通三藏。

The turning came late. "Past sixty he at last turned his heart, knew the crookedness of the outer teachings and awoke to the deep silence of the Buddha's gate; he withdrew into the valleys and heaped up the ascetic practices" 〔T50n2061 0720b07〕; "He first followed the Tripiṭaka master Yaśoghoṣa in studying the scriptures and treatises, and afterwards travelled through the Five Indias, attending lecture halls everywhere" 〔T50n2061 0720b08〕. The Kaiyuan Catalogue records what turned him: a debate he lost. "At that time there was a Tripiṭaka master of the Mahāyāna Sthavira school, styled Yaśoghoṣa. Knowing that his faculties were ripe, he entered into debate with him; before many passes had gone by, his words and his reasoning were both overthrown" 〔T55n2154 0570a09〕. Overthrown, he served the man, and "within not five years he had penetrated the whole Tripiṭaka" 〔T55n2154 0570a13〕. He entered the Buddha's gate past sixty, and mastered the three baskets in five years.

「高宗大帝聞其遠譽，挹彼高風，永淳二年，遣使迎接」〔T50n2061 0720b10〕；而召與至之間相去甚遠，《開元錄》云「未及使還白雲遽駕。暨天后御極方赴帝京。以長壽二年癸巳創達都邑」〔T55n2154 0570a14〕。其譯業之最大者為《大寶積經》：「中宗神龍二年，又住京兆崇福寺，譯《大寶積經》」〔T50n2061 0720b13〕；「屬孝和厭代，睿宗登極，勅於北苑白蓮池、甘露亭續其譯事」〔T50n2061 0720b14〕；「舊新凡四十九會，總一百二十卷」〔T50n2061 0720b16〕，「先天二年四月八日進內」〔T50n2061 0720b17〕。本傳斷之曰：「《寶積》用賢既廣，流志運功最多」〔T50n2061 0720b24〕。《開元錄》列其新譯，「於中二十六會三十九卷。流志新譯」〔T55n2154 0570b16〕，本編所譯之〈無量壽如來會〉即在其列：「第五無量壽如來會二卷大唐三藏菩提流志新譯」〔T55n2154 0584b07〕。

"The great Emperor Gaozong heard his distant repute, drew in that lofty air, and in the second year of Yongchun sent envoys to fetch him" 〔T50n2061 0720b10〕; but the summons and the arrival stood far apart. The Kaiyuan Catalogue says: "Before the envoys had returned, the white clouds had suddenly borne the emperor away. Only when the Empress had taken the throne did he set out for the imperial capital, first reaching the metropolis in the second year of Changshou, the year guisi" 〔T55n2154 0570a14〕. The greatest of his translation labours was the Great Heap of Jewels: "In the second year of Shenlong under Zhongzong he took up residence again at Chongfu Monastery in the capital and translated the Great Heap of Jewels" 〔T50n2061 0720b13〕; "When Xiaohe passed from the world and Ruizong ascended, by edict the work of translation was continued at the White Lotus Pool and the Sweet Dew Pavilion in the Northern Park" 〔T50n2061 0720b14〕; "old and new together, forty-nine assemblies in all, one hundred twenty scrolls" 〔T50n2061 0720b16〕, "presented within the palace on the eighth day of the fourth month of the second year of Xiantian" 〔T50n2061 0720b17〕. The Life sums it up: "In the Jewel Heap the worthies employed were many, and Ruzhi's own labour was the greatest of all" 〔T50n2061 0720b24〕. The Kaiyuan Catalogue lists what was newly his: "of these, twenty-six assemblies in thirty-nine scrolls were newly translated by Ruzhi" 〔T55n2154 0570b16〕 — and the Assembly of the Tathāgata of Measureless Life rendered in this edition stands among them: "Fifth, the Assembly of the Tathāgata of Measureless Life, two scrolls, newly translated by the Tang Tripiṭaka master Bodhiruci" 〔T55n2154 0584b07〕.

末年隨駕東西，「志開元十二年，隨駕居洛京長壽寺」〔T50n2061 0720c01〕；「十五年十一月四日，囑誡弟子五日齋時，令侍人散去，右脅安臥，奄然而卒，春秋一百五十六」〔T50n2061 0720c02〕。帝軫悼，「勅試鴻臚卿，諡曰開元一切遍知三藏」〔T50n2061 0720c04〕。本傳既繫其卒於開元十五年，又繫其春秋一百五十六，二數並出於此，本編如實錄之而不代為推，生卒仍從闕。

In his last years he followed the imperial progress: "In the twelfth year of Kaiyuan Zhi accompanied the imperial train and lodged at Changshou Monastery in Luoyang" 〔T50n2061 0720c01〕; "On the fourth day of the eleventh month of the fifteenth year he gave his last charge to his disciples; at the meal-time on the fifth he had his attendants withdraw, lay down on his right side, and quietly died, at the age of one hundred fifty-six" 〔T50n2061 0720c02〕. The emperor grieved, and "by edict conferred on him the rank of Acting Chief of the Court of State Ceremonial, with the posthumous title Tripiṭaka Master of Kaiyuan Who Knows All Things" 〔T50n2061 0720c04〕. The Life sets his death in the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan and his age at one hundred fifty-six; both figures come from this one place, and this edition sets them down as they stand without reckoning further from them, leaving his dates blank.