康僧鎧

藏中無其別傳。《高僧傳》卷一以曇柯迦羅為魏世譯律之首，記其於嘉平二年出《僧祇戒心》、立羯磨受戒而「中夏戒律，始自于此」〔T50n2059 0325a05〕，末乃附記數人，康僧鎧居其一：「時又有外國沙門康僧鎧者，亦以嘉平之末。來至洛陽，譯出《郁伽長者》等四部經」〔T50n2059 0325a06〕。一句而止，不記其鄉貫，不記其所終，四部之名亦不著。智昇《開元釋教錄》卷一稍詳：「沙門康僧鎧印度人也。廣學群經義暢幽旨」〔T55n2154 0487a02〕，「以嘉平四年壬申。於洛陽白馬寺譯郁伽長者經等三部」〔T55n2154 0487a03〕。所繫之年，僧傳但云嘉平之末，開元錄實指四年，二說並錄不判。

The canon preserves no separate life of him. The Lives of Eminent Monks, fascicle one, takes Dharmakāla as the first translator of Vinaya under the Wei, recording that in the second year of Jiaping he brought out the Prātimokṣa of the Mahāsāṃghikas and established ordination by formal act, so that "the discipline of the central lands began from this" 〔T50n2059 0325a05〕; at the close it appends several men, of whom Kang Sengkai is one: "At that time there was also a foreign monk named Kang Sengkai, who likewise at the end of the Jiaping years came to Luoyang and brought out the Ugra the Householder and other scriptures, four works in all" 〔T50n2059 0325a06〕. One sentence and no more: no native place, no account of his end, and the four works unnamed. Zhisheng's Kaiyuan Catalogue of the Teaching, fascicle one, is slightly fuller: "The monk Kang Sengkai was a man of India. He had studied the scriptures widely and made their hidden purport flow clear" 〔T55n2154 0487a02〕; "in the fourth year of Jiaping, the year renshen, at the White Horse Monastery in Luoyang, he translated the Ugra the Householder and two other works" 〔T55n2154 0487a03〕. As to the year, the Lives say only the end of Jiaping while the Kaiyuan Catalogue names the fourth year; both are set down, neither adjudicated.

其部數古來不一，智昇自誌其所以疑：「高僧傳中云譯四部不具顯名」〔T55n2154 0487a04〕、「竺道祖魏晉錄僧祐寶唱梁代錄等。及長房道宣靖邁三錄並云二部」〔T55n2154 0487a05〕，而後自陳所得所闕：「餘二既不顯名。校閱未見。今更得一部。餘欠一經。檢亦未獲」〔T55n2154 0487a06〕。其所定三部，結以「右三部四卷其本並在」〔T55n2154 0487a01〕；三部之中即有本編所譯之經：「無量壽經二卷曹魏天竺三藏康僧鎧譯」〔T55n2154 0586c01〕。古人自云檢之未獲，此處亦不代為補；其鄉貫，僧傳但云外國，開元錄則云印度，並錄；生卒與所終，藏中俱不出，故如實標不詳。

On the number of his works the tradition has never agreed, and Zhisheng sets down his own grounds for doubt: "The Lives of Eminent Monks says he translated four works, but does not name them" 〔T55n2154 0487a04〕; "Zhu Daozu's Catalogue of the Wei and Jin, Sengyou's and Baochang's catalogues of the Liang age, and the three catalogues of Fei Zhangfang, Daoxuan and Jingmai all say two works" 〔T55n2154 0487a05〕. Then he states what he has found and what he lacks: "The remaining two being unnamed, I have not seen them on collation. I have now recovered one more; one scripture is still wanting, and search too has not obtained it" 〔T55n2154 0487a06〕. The three he settles on he closes with, "the above, three works in four fascicles, the texts of all of which are extant" 〔T55n2154 0487a01〕; and among the three stands the scripture rendered in this edition: "Sūtra of Immeasurable Life, two fascicles, translated by the Indian Tripiṭaka master Kang Sengkai of the Cao-Wei" 〔T55n2154 0586c01〕. Where the ancients say search has not obtained it, nothing is supplied here in their stead. As to his native place, the Lives say only "foreign" while the Kaiyuan Catalogue says India; both are recorded. His dates and his end the canon nowhere gives, and so they are honestly marked unknown.