佛說阿彌陀經 · 名相Glossary
舍利弗〔T37n1758 0334a10〕
「梵云奢利弗呾羅，此云春鸎，亦云鶖鳥，弗呾羅云子，訛略故云舍利弗。」
Śāriputra「梵云奢利弗呾羅，此云春鸎，亦云鶖鳥，弗呾羅云子，訛略故云舍利弗。」—“In Sanskrit Śāriputra; here rendered ‘spring warbler,’ also ‘śāri bird’; putra means ‘son.’ Through corruption and abbreviation it is said Sheli-fu”
摩訶目乾連〔T37n1758 0334a27〕
「摩訶沒特伽羅，此云大採菽氏」
Mahāmaudgalyāyana「摩訶沒特伽羅，此云大採菽氏」—“Mahāmaudgalyāyana, here rendered ‘of the great bean-gathering clan’”
摩訶迦栴延〔T37n1758 0335a11〕
「此云大剪剃種男，剪剃種是婆羅門姓。」
Mahākātyāyana「此云大剪剃種男，剪剃種是婆羅門姓。」—“Here rendered ‘great male of the shaven lineage’; the shaven lineage is a brahmin clan”
摩訶拘絺羅〔T37n1758 0335a27〕
「摩訶俱瑟恥羅，此云大膝，膝蓋大故，俱絺羅訛也。」
Mahākauṣṭhila「摩訶俱瑟恥羅，此云大膝，膝蓋大故，俱絺羅訛也。」—“Mahākauṣṭhila, here rendered ‘great knee,’ because his knees were large; ‘Juchiluo’ is a corruption”
離婆多〔T37n1758 0335b13〕
「離婆多者，梵云頡麗代多，此云室星，北方星也，祀之得子因以為名。」
Revata「離婆多者，梵云頡麗代多，此云室星，北方星也，祀之得子因以為名。」—“As for Revata, in Sanskrit Raivata, here rendered ‘the lodging star,’ a northern constellation; a son was obtained by sacrificing to it, and he was named accordingly”
周梨槃陀迦〔T37n1758 0335b29〕
「周利盤陀伽者，此云路邊生。」
Cūḍapanthaka「周利盤陀伽者，此云路邊生。」—“As for Cūḍapanthaka, here rendered ‘roadside-born’”
難陀〔T37n1758 0335c13〕
「梵云孫達羅難陀，此云艶喜，孫陀羅訛也。」
Nanda「梵云孫達羅難陀，此云艶喜，孫陀羅訛也。」—“In Sanskrit Sundarananda, here rendered ‘delight in beauty’; ‘Suntuoluo’ is a corruption”
阿難陀〔T37n1758 0335c24〕
「梵云阿難陀，此云慶喜，但言阿難，翻為歡喜亦訛也。」
Ānanda「梵云阿難陀，此云慶喜，但言阿難，翻為歡喜亦訛也。」—“In Sanskrit Ānanda, here rendered ‘rejoicing.’ To say only ‘Ānan,’ or to render it ‘gladness,’ is likewise a corruption”
憍梵波提〔T37n1758 0336a22〕
「梵云笈房鉢底，此云牛相，憍梵波提訛也。」
Gavāṃpati「梵云笈房鉢底，此云牛相，憍梵波提訛也。」—“In Sanskrit Gavāṃpati, here rendered ‘ox-mark’; ‘Jiaofanboti’ is a corruption”
賓頭盧頗羅墮〔T37n1758 0336b08〕
「賓頭盧者是字，未詳其義。頗羅墮者是姓，此云利根。」
Piṇḍola Bhāradvāja「賓頭盧者是字，未詳其義。頗羅墮者是姓，此云利根。」—“‘Piṇḍola’ is his given name, its sense not determined. ‘Bhāradvāja’ is his clan name, here rendered ‘sharp faculties’”
迦留陀夷〔T37n1758 0336b21〕
「迦留陀夷，《正法念經》云：翻為黑曜，身有黑光，能照曜故。」
Kālodayin「迦留陀夷，《正法念經》云：翻為黑曜，身有黑光，能照曜故。」—“Kālodayin: the Sūtra of Mindfulness of the Right Dharma says the name is rendered ‘black radiance,’ because his body had a dark lustre able to shine”
摩訶劫賓那〔T37n1758 0336b28〕
「摩訶劫賓那，此云房宿，佛與同房宿」
Mahākapphiṇa「摩訶劫賓那，此云房宿，佛與同房宿」—“Mahākapphiṇa, here rendered ‘the Scorpio lodging’; the Buddha lodged in the same room with him”
薄俱羅〔T37n1758 0336c06〕
「梵云薄矩羅，此云善容，言薄拘羅訛也。」
Vakkula「梵云薄矩羅，此云善容，言薄拘羅訛也。」—“In Sanskrit Vakkula, here rendered ‘fine countenance’; to say ‘Bojuluo’ is a corruption”
阿㝹樓馱〔T37n1758 0336c17〕
「阿𮋢樓馱者，梵云阿泥律陀，此云無滅，佛之堂弟。」
Aniruddha「阿𮋢樓馱者，梵云阿泥律陀，此云無滅，佛之堂弟。」—“As for Aniruddha, in Sanskrit Aniruddha, here rendered ‘unceasing’; he was the Buddha’s cousin”
文殊師利〔T37n1758 0337a14〕
「梵云曼殊師利，此云妙吉祥，生時有十種吉祥事故」
Mañjuśrī「梵云曼殊師利，此云妙吉祥，生時有十種吉祥事故」—“In Sanskrit Mañjuśrī, here rendered ‘wondrously auspicious,’ because at his birth there were ten auspicious events”
阿逸多〔T37n1758 0337a27〕
「阿逸多，此云慈氏，依梵本應云梅呾利曳那，此翻為慈，古云彌帝隷或言彌勒者皆訛。」
Ajita「阿逸多，此云慈氏，依梵本應云梅呾利曳那，此翻為慈，古云彌帝隷或言彌勒者皆訛。」—“Ajita, here rendered ‘the compassionate one.’ According to the Sanskrit it should be Maitreya, which is rendered ‘compassion’; the older forms Mitili and Mile are both corruptions”
常精進〔T37n1758 0337b09〕
「常精進者，念念勝前進」
Nityodyukta「常精進者，念念勝前進」—“As for Ever-Exerting: in each moment he surpasses the moment before and advances”
極樂〔T37n1758 0337c23〕
「世者可破壞義，界者境分劑也，即所居土。」
Ultimate Bliss「世者可破壞義，界者境分劑也，即所居土。」—“‘World’ carries the sense of what can be broken and destroyed; ‘realm’ is the demarcation of a region — that is, the land inhabited”
阿彌陀〔T37n1758 0331a16〕
「阿彌陀者，唐言無量壽等也。」
Amitābha「阿彌陀者，唐言無量壽等也。」—“As for Amitābha, in the language of the Tang it is Measureless Life and the rest”
欄楯〔T37n1758 0338c08〕
「橫曰欄，竪曰楯，欄檻也。」
railings「橫曰欄，竪曰楯，欄檻也。」—“The horizontal is called a rail, the upright a baluster: a balustrade”
羅網〔T37n1758 0338c10〕
「七重羅網者，嚴顯國土羅覆樹林，金縷結成眾寶飾。」
nets「七重羅網者，嚴顯國土羅覆樹林，金縷結成眾寶飾。」—“As for the sevenfold nets: they array and display the land, canopying over the groves; knotted of golden thread and set with every kind of jewel”
四寶〔T37n1758 0339a03〕
「四寶皆是者，即據此經。欄楯、羅網、行樹此之三種，咸是四寶所成也。四寶者，金、銀、瑠璃、頗胝迦也。」
the four precious substances「四寶皆是者，即據此經。欄楯、羅網、行樹此之三種，咸是四寶所成也。四寶者，金、銀、瑠璃、頗胝迦也。」—“As to ‘all of the four precious substances’ — this is precisely on the basis of the present sūtra. Railings, nets, and rows of trees, these three, are all formed of the four precious substances. The four precious substances are gold, silver, beryl, and crystal”
八功德水〔T37n1758 0339b04〕
「八德者：一、澄淨；二、清冷；三、甘美；四、輕軟；五、潤澤；六、安和；七、飲時除飢渴；八、飲已長養諸根。」
water of the eight excellent qualities「八德者：一、澄淨；二、清冷；三、甘美；四、輕軟；五、潤澤；六、安和；七、飲時除飢渴；八、飲已長養諸根。」—“The eight qualities are: first, clear and pure; second, cool and clean; third, sweet; fourth, light and soft; fifth, moistening; sixth, calm and mild; seventh, when drunk it removes hunger and thirst; eighth, once drunk it nourishes the faculties”
琉璃〔T37n1758 0339a20〕
「梵云吠瑠璃，有五種色，略云瑠璃。」
beryl「梵云吠瑠璃，有五種色，略云瑠璃。」—“In the Indic language Feiliuli; it has five kinds of colour; abbreviated, it is said Liuli.”
頗梨〔T37n1758 0339a21〕
「《智度論》云：出山石窟中，過千年氷化為玻𭹳。」
crystal「《智度論》云：出山石窟中，過千年氷化為玻𭹳。」—“The Treatise on the Perfection of Wisdom says: it comes out of caves in the mountain rock, where ice more than a thousand years old turns into crystal.”
車𤦲〔T37n1758 0339a24〕
「梵云牟娑洛揭拉婆，青白間色也。」
giant-clam shell「梵云牟娑洛揭拉婆，青白間色也。」—“In the Indic language Mousuoluojielapo; its colour is blue and white intermingled.”
馬瑙〔T37n1758 0339a26〕
「梵云遏濕摩揭婆，此云杵藏」
agate「梵云遏濕摩揭婆，此云杵藏」—“In the Indic language Eshimojiepo; here rendered ‘pestle-store’”
池〔T37n1758 0339a27〕
「池者，池沼。」
pool「池者，池沼。」—“As for the pool: it is a pool or pond.”
曼陀羅華〔T37n1758 0340a03〕
「曼陀羅華者是梵語，此云適意華也。」
mandārava flowers「曼陀羅華者是梵語，此云適意華也。」—“As for mandārava flowers, this is Sanskrit; here it is rendered flowers that gladden the mind”
晝夜六時〔T37n1758 0339c27〕
「晝夜六時者，晝夜各有六時，共十二時也。」
the six periods of day and night「晝夜六時者，晝夜各有六時，共十二時也。」—“As for the six periods of day and night: day and night have six periods each, twelve in all”
衣裓〔T37n1758 0340a19〕
「各以衣裓者，衣襟也。」
the fold of one’s robe「各以衣裓者，衣襟也。」—“As for each with the fold of the robe: it is the front fold of the garment”
供養〔T37n1758 0340a20〕
「供養者，進財行曰供，有所攝資為養，故云供養。」
offering「供養者，進財行曰供，有所攝資為養，故云供養。」—“As for making offering: to bring forth goods and present them is called offering, and that which takes in and sustains is nourishing — hence the term making offering”
經行〔T37n1758 0340a28〕
「經行或繞寶殿，或繞瓊林，或往或來，如絹經來往，故云經行。」
walking meditation「經行或繞寶殿，或繞瓊林，或往或來，如絹經來往，故云經行。」—“Walking meditation: some circle the jewelled halls, some circle the jade groves, now going, now coming, like the warp of silk passing to and fro — hence it is called walking the warp”
雨（動詞）〔T37n1758 0340a02〕
「雨者，從空飄落謂之雨也。」
to rain down「雨者，從空飄落謂之雨也。」—“As for raining: to drift down out of the sky is what is called raining”
白鶴〔經作「白鵠」〕〔T37n1758 0340b26〕
「白鶴者，丹朱作頂、霜雪為毛」
white swan (crane in the variant)「白鶴者，丹朱作頂、霜雪為毛」—“As for the white crane: crimson forms its crown, frost and snow its plumage”
孔雀〔T37n1758 0340b28〕
「孔雀者，天生靈鳥逈異凡禽，頂戴綠冠身嚴眾彩」
peacock「孔雀者，天生靈鳥逈異凡禽，頂戴綠冠身嚴眾彩」—“As for the peacock: a numinous bird by birth, far unlike common fowl; upon its head it wears a green crown, and its body is adorned with many colours”
鸚鵡〔T37n1758 0340c01〕
「毛嚴翡翠觜飾朱紅，羽輕俊以能飛，舌纖長而解語」
parrot「毛嚴翡翠觜飾朱紅，羽輕俊以能飛，舌纖長而解語」—“its feathers adorned like kingfisher jade, its beak marked with vermilion; light and swift of wing, so that it can fly; slender and long of tongue, so that it understands speech”
舍利〔T37n1758 0340c02〕
「舍利者梵語，此云鶖鷺鳥也」
the egret-heron「舍利者梵語，此云鶖鷺鳥也」—“‘Śāri’ is Sanskrit; here rendered ‘the egret-heron’”
迦陵頻伽〔T37n1758 0340c04〕
「迦陵頻伽者，此云妙音鳥，音聲美妙身體殊常」
kalaviṅka「迦陵頻伽者，此云妙音鳥，音聲美妙身體殊常」—“As for the kalaviṅka, here rendered ‘the bird of wondrous sound’; its voice is beautiful and wondrous and its body unlike the ordinary”
共命〔T37n1758 0340c06〕
「共命者亦云命命，美音演法迅羽輕飛，人面禽形一身兩首」
the life-sharing birds「共命者亦云命命，美音演法迅羽輕飛，人面禽形一身兩首」—“The life-sharing bird is also called mingming: with beautiful voice it sets forth the Dharma, with swift feathers it flies lightly; a human face on a bird’s form, one body with two heads”
和雅音〔T37n1758 0340c11〕
「出和雅音者，和即柔和，雅妙音」
harmonious and refined sound「出和雅音者，和即柔和，雅妙音」—“‘Sends forth harmonious and refined sounds’: ‘harmonious’ is gentleness and concord; ‘refined’ is the wondrous sound”
三惡趣〔T37n1758 0341b04〕
「三惡趣者，即地獄、餓鬼、畜生也。」
the three bad destinies「三惡趣者，即地獄、餓鬼、畜生也。」—“The three bad destinies are hell, hungry ghosts, and animals”
阿彌陀（光）〔T37n1758 0342a02〕
「而有二義：一、約光明得名；二、約慧命得名。」
Amitābha (light)「而有二義：一、約光明得名；二、約慧命得名。」—“And it has two senses: first, the name is obtained by reason of light; second, by reason of wisdom-life.”
內光·外光〔T37n1758 0342a03〕
「光有二種：一、內光，即智內照理；二、外光，即身光外照也。」
inner light / outer light「光有二種：一、內光，即智內照理；二、外光，即身光外照也。」—“Light is of two kinds: first, inner light, that is, wisdom illuminating principle within; second, outer light, that is, the light of the body illuminating outward.”
壽命〔T37n1758 0342a27〕
「壽命者，第八識上連持功德也，即是不相應行中攝也。」
lifespan「壽命者，第八識上連持功德也，即是不相應行中攝也。」—“As for lifespan, it is the sustaining quality upon the eighth consciousness; that is, it is gathered among the formations not concomitant with mind.”
阿僧祇劫〔T37n1758 0342a29〕
「阿僧祇劫者，此云無央數劫也。」
asaṃkhyeya kalpas「阿僧祇劫者，此云無央數劫也。」—“As for asaṃkhyeya kalpas, here rendered kalpas beyond all counting.”
聲聞〔T37n1758 0342b25〕
「因聲悟道，故曰聲聞。」
śrāvaka「因聲悟道，故曰聲聞。」—“They awaken to the way through the voice, and so are called hearers of the voice.”
弟子〔T37n1758 0342b26〕
「長在我後名弟，解從我生名子。」
disciple「長在我後名弟，解從我生名子。」—“One who comes after me in years is called a younger brother; one whose understanding is born from me is called a son.”
阿羅漢〔T37n1758 0342b27〕
「皆阿羅漢者，揀前三果故也。」
arhat「皆阿羅漢者，揀前三果故也。」—“That all are arhats is said in order to distinguish them from the prior three fruits.”
阿鞞跋致〔T37n1758 0342c16〕
「阿鞞跋致，或云阿惟越致，是梵語，此云不退轉。」
non-retrogression「阿鞞跋致，或云阿惟越致，是梵語，此云不退轉。」—“Abibazhi, also given as Aweiyuezhi, is a Sanskrit word; here it is rendered ‘non-retrogression’”
五種不退〔T37n1758 0342c18〕
「一、信不退；二、位不退；三、證不退；四、行不退；五、煩惱不退」
the five kinds of non-retrogression「一、信不退；二、位不退；三、證不退；四、行不退；五、煩惱不退」—“first, trust does not retrogress; second, station does not retrogress; third, realization does not retrogress; fourth, practice does not retrogress; fifth, the afflictions do not cause retrogression”
一生補處〔T37n1758 0342c26〕
「補者補闕，處者處所」
final-birth bodhisattva「補者補闕，處者處所」—“‘to supply’ means to supply what is lacking; ‘station’ means a position”
諸上善人〔T37n1758 0343a22〕
「善者過現益物謂之善，人即前聲聞、不退及補處等菩薩也」
persons of superior goodness「善者過現益物謂之善，人即前聲聞、不退及補處等菩薩也」—“as to ‘good,’ benefiting beings in the past and in the present is what is called good; as to ‘persons,’ these are the śrāvakas spoken of before, together with the bodhisattvas of non-retrogression and of the final birth”
善男子〔T37n1758 0343b16〕
「梵云烏波索迦，此云近事男」
good man「梵云烏波索迦，此云近事男」—“In Sanskrit upāsaka, here rendered ‘a man who draws near and serves’”
善女人〔T37n1758 0343b18〕
「善女人者，烏波斯迦，斯者是女聲也」
good woman「善女人者，烏波斯迦，斯者是女聲也」—“As for ‘good woman,’ upāsikā; ‘si’ is the feminine sound”
一心〔T37n1758 0343b22〕
「更無間隔，故名曰一心。」
single-minded「更無間隔，故名曰一心。」—“There is no interval at all in between, and it is therefore called single-mindedness.”
不亂〔T37n1758 0343b23〕
「不亂者，專注無散也。」
undisturbed「不亂者，專注無散也。」—“‘Undisturbed’ means focused and unscattered.”
臨命終時〔T37n1758 0343c08〕
「此一報壽命臨欲終時」
at the time of death「此一報壽命臨欲終時」—“when the lifespan of this one recompense is about to come to its end”
心不顛倒〔T37n1758 0343c13〕
「不顛倒者，不移正念也」
the mind not inverted「不顛倒者，不移正念也」—“‘Not inverted’ means that right mindfulness is not moved”
阿閦〔T37n1758 0344a27〕
「阿閦梵語，此云無動，不被煩惱四魔違順等動故。」
Akṣobhya「阿閦梵語，此云無動，不被煩惱四魔違順等動故。」—“Akṣobhya is Sanskrit; here rendered ‘Unmoving,’ because he is not moved by the afflictions or by the four Māras, whether they run counter or comply”
恒河（殑伽）〔T37n1758 0344b06〕
「恒河數者，梵云殑伽，訛略云恒河，是河神之名，河從彼稱。」
the Gaṅgā「恒河數者，梵云殑伽，訛略云恒河，是河神之名，河從彼稱。」—“As for the number of the Gaṅgā’s sands: in Sanskrit Gaṅgā; through corruption and abbreviation it is called Henghe. It is the name of the river’s deity, and the river is called after her”
廣長舌相〔T37n1758 0344b14〕
「即各在本國舒舌相也。」
the mark of a broad, long tongue「即各在本國舒舌相也。」—“that is, each in his own land extends the mark of the tongue”
三千大千世界〔T37n1758 0344b15〕
「千須彌山、千日月、千四天下，及千梵王是謂小千，以小千為一數至千名大千」
the three-thousandfold great-thousand world-system「千須彌山、千日月、千四天下，及千梵王是謂小千，以小千為一數至千名大千」—“a thousand Mount Sumerus, a thousand suns and moons, a thousand sets of four continents, and a thousand Brahmā kings — this is called a small thousand; taking the small thousand as one unit and multiplying to a thousand is called the great thousand”
阿耨多羅三藐三菩提〔T37n1758 0345c25〕
「阿之言無，耨多羅云上，三云正，藐云等，三云正，菩提云覺，即是無上正等正覺。」
unsurpassed perfect awakening「阿之言無，耨多羅云上，三云正，藐云等，三云正，菩提云覺，即是無上正等正覺。」—“‘a’ says ‘without’; ‘nuttara’ says ‘above’; ‘saṃ’ says ‘right’; ‘myak’ says ‘equal’; ‘saṃ’ says ‘right’; ‘bodhi’ says ‘awakening’ — that is, unsurpassed, right and universal, right awakening”
護念〔T37n1758 0345c23〕
「即此經是諸佛所匡護明記憶念故。」
guarded and kept in mind「即此經是諸佛所匡護明記憶念故。」—“Because this very sūtra is what the buddhas uphold and protect, clearly record, and keep in mind”
所護人／能護念人〔T37n1758 0345c18〕
「善男子、善女人等，是所護人也。」
those guarded / those who guard「善男子、善女人等，是所護人也。」—“The good men and good women and the rest are those who are guarded”
釋迦牟尼〔T37n1758 0346b08〕
「釋迦，梵語，此云能仁，牟尼，此云寂默。」
Śākyamuni「釋迦，梵語，此云能仁，牟尼，此云寂默。」—“‘Śākya’ is Sanskrit, here rendered ‘able in benevolence’; ‘Muni’ is here rendered ‘still and silent’”
娑婆〔T37n1758 0346b11〕
「梵云娑婆，此云堪忍，堪可忍受苦惱之事故也。」
Sahā「梵云娑婆，此云堪忍，堪可忍受苦惱之事故也。」—“In Sanskrit ‘Sahā,’ here rendered ‘able to endure,’ because there one can bear and endure things of suffering and distress”
濁〔T37n1758 0346b14〕
「濁是滓穢義，如食滓穢下惡可污，名之為濁。」
turbidity「濁是滓穢義，如食滓穢下惡可污，名之為濁。」—“Turbidity has the sense of dregs and filth: like the dregs and filth in food, low and foul and able to defile, it is called turbidity”
甚難希有之事〔T37n1758 0346b10〕
「即是忍苦教化眾生之事也。」
an exceedingly difficult and rare deed「即是忍苦教化眾生之事也。」—“this is the deed of bearing suffering while teaching and converting sentient beings”