大乘莊嚴經論 · 名相Glossary

adornmentOrnamenting, making manifest: to cause the excellences of the Mahāyāna's wondrous Dharma to shine forth, and to make one glad to enter it, through meaning, wisdom, and phrasing — not mere literary ornament.

the wisdom of meaningThe wisdom that penetrates the meaning of the doctrine and can open up all its senses.

stainless speech / stainless phrasingStainless speech: words able to lead one to nirvāṇa; stainless phrasing: phrasing exact and fully corresponding.

the supreme vehicleThe Great Vehicle — the Dharma that is here adorned.

the Dharma of skillful meansThe Dharma the Tathāgata sets up by skillful device, suited to the disposition of beings.

the factors of awakeningThe components of awakening — the dharmas that incline toward bodhi.

the wealth of Dharma / noble wealthTo take Dharma as wealth, the riches of the noble path (a figure for what the understanding of meaning nourishes and increases).

the Great Vehicle is the Buddha's wordThe thesis this chapter establishes — that the Great Vehicle is the true Dharma spoken by the Buddha himself.

the śrāvaka vehicleThe vehicle that seeks self-benefit and, wearying of saṃsāra, seeks nirvāṇa; the opposing party in this chapter's debate.

the three marks of the Buddha's wordEntering the sūtras (the discourses) · appearing in the vinaya (the discipline) · not contradicting the emptiness of dharmas — the three criteria for testing "whether it is the Buddha's word."

non-conceptual knowledgeThe root knowledge that, apart from the discrimination of subject and object, directly realizes suchness; this chapter judges it the "profound" skillful means.

the emptiness of dharmasThat all dharmas lack self-nature; what the bodhisattva cultivates, judged by this chapter as not contradicting the three marks.

an incalculable eonAn eon of incalculable, utmost length.

the store consciousnessThe root consciousness that holds and stores the seeds.

conjectural surmiseTo measure and guess by worldly conjecture (not by direct realization); this chapter rebukes it as not entering the Great Vehicle.

taking refugeTo turn to and rely upon the Three Jewels with utmost sincerity; this chapter shows the surpassing worth of the "Mahāyāna refuge."

all-pervadingPervading without remainder (pervading all four: beings · vehicles · wisdom · quiescence).

excellent birthThe surpassing birth attained by supreme valor (the birth of a son of the Buddha).

the Dharma-heap / Dharma-bodyThe body attained by realizing bodhi, named the great · surpassing · constant · well-gathered.

the acceptance of non-arisingPatient acceptance of the principle that dharmas do not arise.

the relinquishing of existence and of cessationRelinquishing-existence — not abiding in saṃsāra; relinquishing-cessation — not abiding in nirvāṇa (the twofold departure of the non-abiding nirvāṇa).

the two attainmentsWorldly attainment · attainment in the nature of dharmas (the coarse and subtle grades of taking refuge).

the threefold going-forthTo be fully furnished with the going-forth practice of the three vehicles.

lineageThe inner ground and seed-substance by which a sentient being achieves the awakening of the three vehicles.

the innate lineage / the cultivated lineageThe innate lineage: the seeds present by their very nature from beginningless time; the cultivated lineage: what is formed by later hearing, perfuming, and practice.

the elementThe seed, the own-substance, the class; "by the difference of the element" means the three vehicles differ by the difference in the seed's own substance.

the portion conducing to liberationThe wholesome roots conducing to liberation, able to give rise to what inclines toward liberation.

those without the nature for nirvāṇaThose who lack the nature inclining toward nirvāṇa; of two classes — the time-bound (temporary, reversible) and the ultimate (never at all).

the perfectionThe practice of reaching the far shore — namely the six perfections.

arousing the mind (of awakening)To arouse the mind that seeks unsurpassed awakening and vows to deliver beings.

the arousing of the mind in the ultimateThe mind aroused upon realizing suchness (the ultimate awakening-mind), ascending to the first ground.

the Joyful GroundThe first of the bodhisattva's ten grounds; by realizing the true and gaining the equality of self and other, great joy arises.

the perfectionThe practice of reaching the far shore (the six: giving · discipline · patience · vigor · meditation · wisdom).

the four immeasurablesLoving-kindness · compassion · sympathetic joy · equanimity.

the four means of gatheringGiving · kind speech · beneficial action · shared endeavor.

non-conceptual knowledgeThe root knowledge that, apart from the discrimination of subject and object, directly realizes suchness.

the acceptance of non-arisingPatient acceptance of the principle that dharmas do not arise.

the eight phases of accomplishing the wayThe manifestation of the eight phases: entering the womb · abiding in the womb · birth · going forth · subduing Māra · accomplishing the way · turning the Dharma-wheel · nirvāṇa.

the ācāryaThis chapter's "the ācārya of great compassion ever in the mind" means to take great compassion as one's teacher and to act in reliance upon it.

the twofold benefitSelf-benefit and benefiting others; this chapter shows the two are undivided in the bodhisattva, and that benefiting others is the surpassing one.

the mind of self–other equalityThe mind that regards others as equal to oneself (through the two gates of attainment-by-trust and attainment-by-wisdom).

accommodationTo bestow benefit in accord with the disposition of beings; this chapter lists thirteen kinds.

the thirteen accommodationsGood teaching · leading to turn toward · leading to enter · leading to be tamed · leading to accomplish · leading to abide · leading to awaken · leading to liberation · gathering virtue · birth in the family · gaining the prophecy · receiving the consecration · gaining the Tathāgata's wisdom.

the non-abiding nirvāṇaThe nirvāṇa that abides neither in saṃsāra nor in nirvāṇa (whither great compassion and wisdom, coursing together, return).

dedicationTo turn all the practices one has done toward, and bestow their benefit upon, all beings.

the ultimate truthThe highest reality, realized by the buddhas and beyond word and thought — namely the perfectly-accomplished nature, suchness.

the three naturesThe wholly-imagined — the mark of what is grasped by false discrimination, actually non-existent; the other-dependent — the dharma arisen through causes and conditions; the perfectly-accomplished — the reality disclosed upon the other-dependent by departing from the wholly-imagined.

mind-speechThe conceptual speech within the mind (the discrimination of names and words); all classes of meaning have mind-speech for their self-nature — hence "meaning is nothing but mind-speech."

consciousness-only (the light of mind)What is grasped is only what the mind-consciousness manifests, no real object outside the mind; this chapter has "the light of mind" and "abiding well in consciousness-only."

the transformation of the basisThe turning-about of the root basis: relinquishing the defiled and gaining the pure, relinquishing the twofold grasping and realizing suchness.

non-conceptual knowledgeThe root knowledge that, apart from the discrimination of subject and object, directly realizes suchness.

agadaThe divine medicine of Indian legend that resolves all poisons; a figure for how non-conceptual knowledge can remove the whole heap of faults.

the grasper / the graspedThe subject of cognition and its object; when the two graspings alike subside, one enters the path of seeing.

supernormal powerThe sovereign, unobstructed power beyond the ordinary; this chapter takes the six powers as its self-nature.

the six knowledges / the six powersThe divine eye (the knowledge of death and birth) · the divine ear · knowing others' minds · recollecting past lives · magical motion (the knowledge of will-at-command) · the exhaustion of the outflows — the six.

the three claritiesThe clarity of past lives · the clarity of the divine eye · the clarity of the exhaustion of the outflows.

the eight liberations · eight bases of mastery · ten totalitiesThe sequenced items of meditative attainment — the equipment of supernormal power.

the fourth meditative absorptionThe fourth dhyāna of the form realm, utterly pure, the basis on which supernormal power rests.

the three kinds of manifestationManifestation by deed (in crafts and occupations) · manifestation in accord (with what others wish) · higher manifestation (abiding in surpassing places such as Tuṣita).

the Tuṣita heavenThe fourth heaven of the desire realm, where the bodhisattva of the next buddhahood dwells.

maturationThe accomplishing and readiness of wholesome roots (self-maturation); and the guiding of beings so that their wholesome roots come to accomplishment (maturing beings).

the nine of self-maturationAspiration (longing for the great Dharma) · trust · relinquishing (extinguishing affliction) · compassion · patience · mindfulness (upholding without forgetting) · power (penetrating all) · firmness (not to be robbed by Māra or heretics) · full support (the completeness of the wholesome parts).

cause · substance · functionThis chapter's threefold analysis of each maturation (the cause of its arising · its very substance · its function).

the two portionsThe obstructing portion (afflictions — when matured, to be relinquished) · the counteracting portion (wholesome dharmas — when matured, to be employed).

the six perfectionsGiving (檀) · discipline (尸) · patience (羼提) · vigor (毘梨耶) · meditation (禪) · wisdom (般若).

unbreakable purityThe pure trust that cannot be broken.

PāpīyasMāra the king.

mirror wisdomObtained by transforming the eighth consciousness; like a great round mirror free of stain, non-conceptual, manifesting all reflected images.

equality wisdomObtained by transforming the seventh consciousness; realizing the equality of self and other, the basis of great loving-kindness and compassion.

observing wisdomObtained by transforming the sixth consciousness; well able to observe all dharmas, to sever doubt, and to teach the Dharma.

accomplishing wisdomObtained by transforming the first five consciousnesses; performing all manner of manifested deeds throughout the worlds to benefit beings.

the dharma-body (the self-nature body)The Buddha's true-suchness principle-substance.

the enjoyment bodyThe body by which the Buddha enjoys the delight of the Dharma and teaches the bodhisattvas on the grounds.

the emanation bodyThe body by which the Buddha manifests, according to disposition, to deliver beings.

dhāraṇīComprehensive retention.

samādhiConcentration.

faithThe wholesome dharma of deep acceptance, glad longing, and purity of mind toward the Three Jewels, the four truths, action-and-fruit, and the rest; this chapter judges it the near cause of bodhi.

the thirteen marks of faith / the thirteen kinds of faithThe two sets of thirteen items of faith in this chapter.

genuine reception / semblance receptionThe faith of inner realization / the faith of the outer mark.

other-power / self-powerFaith relying on the power of good friends / faith relying on one's own power.

utmost entering / far enteringThe faith of the stage of exertion (first to seventh ground) / the faith of the stage of utmost purity (eighth ground to buddhahood).

unbreakable purityThe pure trust that cannot be broken.

overweening conceitThe conceit of claiming realization unrealized, which obstructs the faith of observation.

the faith of one's own portionThe faith belonging to one's own ground-stage (uncovered · associated · possessing accumulation · utmost-entering · far-entering), praised as "swift penetration."

the three naturesThe wholly-imagined (grasper and grasped ultimately non-existent) · the other-dependent (false discrimination) · the true (free of elaboration, unspeakable).

the two puritiesPurity by nature (originally pure) · purity from stain (freed of adventitious defilement).

the light of mind / the two lightsThe manifest appearance of what the mind displays; the light of the grasper · the light of the grasped.

the five things characterizedForm · mind · mental factors · the non-associated · the unconditioned.

the three characterizingThe wholly-imagined · other-dependent · true characteristics.

the five domains of learningWhat upholds · what is upheld · the mirror-image · clear awakening · the transformation of the basis.

the four masteriesNon-discrimination · buddha-fields · wisdom · deeds.

the acceptance of non-arising (the eight non-risings)Non-rising as to: the original · the real · the differing-mark · the own-mark · the spontaneous · the non-differing · the defiled · the differentiated.

the five sciencesInner (Buddhist) · logic · phonology · medicine · crafts.

the forty-four attentionsThe forty-four mindful acts, from "knowing the cause" to "my surpassing," that nourish wholesome roots and fulfill the perfections.

stinginess with the DharmaThe obstruction of grudging the Dharma and not teaching it; this chapter bars it first.

teaching by scripture / teaching by realizationTeaching by the power of speech / teaching by the power of supernormal act (in marks, groves, instruments, in mid-air).

the three spheres (purified)The purity of the three: the teacher · what is taught · the receiver.

the four pure practicesSolitary (not shared with heretics) · complete (fully severing the delusions of the three realms) · clear (the pure self-nature of the outflow-free) · white (the stainless purity of the body with outflows exhausted).

the four juncturesLeading to enter · the mark · the counteragent · the concealed (the deep word turned to its meaning).

the four intentsThe equal · the differing-meaning · the differing-time · the differing-wish.

the intent of a differing timeTo judge a certain teaching as spoken with reference to a fruit attained at another time (as with rebirth in Amitābha's [land]).

the sixty vocal tones of the TathāgataThe sixty excellences of the Buddha's vocal act (moistening · gentle … perfect in every kind).

the treatise of grammarThe science of grammar (phonology).

the ten merits of upholdingFrom the completion of one's own wholesome seeds to the swift accomplishing of bodhi.

the five parts of practice-in-accordKnowing the meaning · knowing the Dharma · practice in accord with the Dharma · shared attainment · practice in accord.

the three samādhisEmptiness · signlessness · wishlessness.

the raft simileThe Dharma is like a raft for crossing: reaching the shore, one should let it go.

non-conceptual knowledge / the knowledge that establishes the groundsThe Dharma gained by not discriminating within right contemplation / the measure of Dharma gained by discrimination after emerging from contemplation.

the four wheels of non-heedlessnessThe surpassing land · good persons · rectifying oneself · prior merit (each with five conditions).

the afflictions are themselves bodhiBy the nature-of-dharmas of the afflictions (not apart from the dharma-realm) bodhi is set forth, and it can bring one forth from the afflictions (the scripture's purport).

the immaculate consciousnessThis chapter glosses it by "the true-suchness of mind · the mind pure in its self-nature."

the purity of the three spheresNot discriminating the one who practices · what is practiced · the very practicing (the knowledge of the no-self of dharmas).

the six mindsRoot (imaging the name) · following (grasping the phrase) · observing (pondering the meaning) · true understanding (knowing the meaning) · total gathering (the whole of the Dharma) · aspiring (seeking the meaning).

the nine stations of mindThis treatise has settling · gathering · loosening · turning · subduing · stilling · extinguishing · [made] natural · holding; structurally equivalent to the Yoga nine stations — a matching that is exegetical, not a literal variant rendering.

the five meritsMelting-in of habit · bodily ease · mental ease · rounded brightness · seeing the mark (the causes of the full and pure dharma-body).

the four stages of intensified practiceWarmth (brightness · the acceptance of seeing the Dharma) · summit (penetrating consciousness-only) · acceptance (severing the disturbance of the grasped) · supreme worldly (severing the disturbance of the grasper · the uninterrupted samādhi).

the five equalitiesNo-self · having suffering · what is to be done · not seeking · shared attainment.

the three gates of liberationEmptiness (the three emptinesses) · signlessness · wishlessness.

the view of a great selfThe view of self that takes all beings as one's own self (distinct from the defiled view of a self).

the vajra-like samādhiThe samādhi that shatters the subtlest latent tendency of discrimination.

receiving the consecrationThe anointing at the last of the cultivation-stages.

the transformation of the basisThe first ground (the stage of transforming the basis) · buddhahood (the ultimate transformation of the basis, free of the two obstructions).

action and its companionWhen action arises (the doings of body, speech, and mind), skillful means is its companion.

the four skillful means of actionGathering-and-arising · rescuing others · guarding oneself · purification.

difficult actionThe action, done over measureless eons in transformed bodies bearing suffering, to turn the small-vehicle mind of beings.

the three spheresThe doer · the action · the deed; because the three cannot be found, one does not discriminate.

the ocean of actionThe great ocean of action; with the three spheres purified, one crosses to its far shore.

the ten senses of the six perfectionsSet number · disclosing the mark · sequence · glossing the name · cultivation · differences · gathered practice · counteracting obstructions · merit · mutual disclosure.

the four marksCounteracting obstruction · uniting with wisdom · fulfilling the vow · accomplishing beings.

the five supportsObject · reflection · mind · skillful means · force.

the six senses (of each perfection)Self-nature · cause · fruit · function · association · class.

the three heaps of disciplineRestraint · gathering wholesome dharmas · gathering beings.

the three patiencesPatience under others' harm · patience amid suffering · patience of contemplating the Dharma.

the meditation / wisdom of three personsThe meditation / wisdom of the worldling · the two vehicles · the bodhisattva (set out for contrast).

the eightfold unsurpassedSupport · class · object · dedication · cause · wisdom · field · basis.

the four means of gatheringGiving · kind speech · beneficial action · shared benefit.

the two means of gatheringGathering by goods · gathering by Dharma.

the three benefitsDoubling the have-not · doubling the have · the wholly-have.

the eightfold offeringSupport · goods · originating-condition · dedication · cause · wisdom · field · basis.

the three spheresThe one who offers · the one who receives · the offering-goods; in the offering-of-wisdom the three cannot be found.

the two heapsMerit · wisdom; fulfilled by the offering-of-dedication.

the eleven kinds of basis (of offering)Goods · reflection · trust · vow · compassion · patience · practice · right mindfulness · right view · liberation · reality.

the kinds of offeringCause-and-fruit · inner-and-outer · coarse-and-subtle · small-and-great · far-and-near.

the five own-intentsPure trust · deep mind · supernormal power · skillful means · concord.

the nine minds of deep mindSavoring · rejoicing · aspiring · unwearying · vast · surpassing joy · surpassing gain · undefiled · well-purified.

the ten virtues of the good friendTamed · stilled · delusion-removed · virtue-increased · valorous · rich in scripture · awakened to the true · well-speaking · deep in compassion · beyond backsliding.

the eightfold attendingSupport · goods · originating-condition · dedication · cause · wisdom · field · basis.

attending with goodsWealth · body · mind.

attending in originating-conditionGlad aspiration · knowing the time · removing conceit.

attending in the fieldThe field of beings (establishing the Dharma in the continuum of beings) · the field of buddha-lands (cultivating pure causes according to the buddha-land wherein one dwells).

attending as one's basisTo take the benefit of Dharma as one's basis, not the benefit of goods (for the Dharma, not for wealth).

the five own-intentsPure trust · deep mind · supernormal power · skillful means · concord.

the four divine abidings / the four immeasurablesLoving-kindness · compassion · sympathetic joy · equanimity.

the three objectsThe object that is beings · the object that is dharmas · the object-less.

objectless loving-kindnessLoving-kindness with suchness for its object, attained at the eighth ground with the acceptance of non-arising.

the ten kinds of beings for great compassionThe blazing · the enemy-vanquished · the suffering-pressed · the dark-covered · those on the dangerous road · the greatly-bound · the poison-eating · the way-lost · those dwelling off the way · the withered-and-stunted.

great compassion as a tree in six itemsCompassion (root) · patience (trunk) · thought (branch) · vow (leaf) · birth (flower) · maturation (fruit).

the six differences of great compassionEqual · constant · deep to the utmost · accommodating · the pure path · not-found.

the six gifts of instructionWithout seeking · giving the fruit · wearying of wealth · without interval · unwearying · relinquishing gratitude-owed.

the six senses of equalityThe aspect of conduct · reflection · accommodation · freedom from obstruction · not-found · purity.

the four similes of shameGarment · empty space · adornment · loving mother.

the four measures (the four reliances)The four criteria for testing the Dharma.

the four unobstructed discriminationsDharma · meaning · word · eloquence.

the two heapsMerit · wisdom (matched to the six perfections · the sequence of the grounds as their cause).

the four foundations of mindfulnessThe contemplation of body · feeling · mind · dharmas (the fourteen surpassing cultivations · containing the four similes of the awakening-object).

the four bases of magical powerContaining the eight abandoning-practices (trust · aspiration · effort · pliancy · mindfulness · knowledge · thought · equanimity).

the seven factors of awakeningMindfulness (the basis) · discernment (the self-nature) · vigor (the going-forth) · joy (the merit) · pliancy · concentration · equanimity (the undefiled).

the three samādhisEmptiness · wishlessness · signlessness.

the four seals of DharmaImpermanence · suffering · no-self · quiescence.

momentary cessationThe fifteen senses · fourteen kinds of arising · nine causes · the fourteen causes for outer dharmas.

the no-self of personsThe person is a designation, not real · unspeakable as one or as different · provisionally spoken with reference to the differences of dharmas.

the four fruits (of the bodhisattva stages · a borrowed figure)Birth into the family of the Tathāgata · gaining the prophecy · receiving the consecration · buddhahood.

the seven semblance-benefitsLike a mother · father · good friend · companion · strong servant · ācārya · preceptor (each with five functions).

the six certitudesThe certitude of wealth · surpassing birth · non-retrogression · cultivation · settled action · effortlessness.

the fourfold provisional establishingEstablishing Dharma (the five sciences) · establishing the truths (the seven suchnesses) · establishing principle (the four principles) · establishing the vehicle (five senses · three grades · three vehicles).

the three bonds and three causesUpholding · enjoyment · seed (the store consciousness); the bound = the six faculties · the mental dharmas · the store consciousness.

the store consciousnessThe root consciousness that holds and stores the seeds.

the seven greatnesses of the Great VehicleObject · practice · wisdom · diligence · skill · fruit · deed.

the eight dharmas that subsume the Great VehicleNature · trust · mind · practice · entering · accomplishing · purity · the surpassing of bodhi.

the five kinds of markPity · kind speech · valor · the open hand · expounding the meaning (the first one is mind · the latter four are practice).

the four kinds of taking birthBirth by the power of action · of vow · of concentration · of supernormal power.

the eleven marks of abidingThe marks of abiding of the ten grounds plus the buddha-ground.

the ten marks of entering a groundClear faith · without inferiority · without timidity · without waiting · penetration · equality · freedom from partiality · freedom from clinging · knowing skillful means · the noble-being.

the sixteen marks of the buddha-sonThe marks of the ten perfections within the grounds.

the Ground of BrightnessThe third of the ten grounds (the other ground-names are listed below).

the several names of the ten groundsJoyful · Stainless · Brightness 〔Radiance〕 · Flaming Wisdom · Hard-to-Conquer · Manifest · Far-Going · Immovable · Good Wisdom · Dharma-Cloud.

the three senses of 步彌耶 (ground)步 (again and again) · 彌 (the full number) · 耶 (fearlessness).

the four ways of attaining a groundAttaining by trust · by practice (the ten right practices) · by penetration · by accomplishment.

the four kinds of cultivationThe practice of the perfections · the factors of awakening · supernormal powers · gathering beings.

the preface of nineteen surpassing qualitiesMeasureless · the three places · non-contention · the wisdom of vows · unobstructedness · supernormal power · marks-and-signs · purity · powers · fearlessnesses · non-guardedness · foundations of mindfulness · severing habit · non-forgetting · great compassion · the shared-not · all-kinds-of-knowledge · the fullness of the perfections · the buddha-marks.

the three placesThe surpassing of liberation · the surpassing of the bases of mastery · the surpassing of the totalities.

the five matters of the wisdom of vowsEffortless · unattached · unobstructed · ever-calm · resolving doubt.

the four puritiesBody · object · mind · wisdom.

the ten powers that break Māra's four deceptionsThe power of knowing right-and-wrong · the power of knowing one's own action · the power of knowing meditative concentration · the power of the latter seven knowledges.

the four fearlessnessesAll-knowledge · the exhaustion of the outflows (self-benefit) · the path to the ending of suffering · what obstructs the path (benefiting others).

the eighteen exclusive dharmasNo fault in the three of body, speech, and mindfulness · no differing ideation · no unconcentrated mind · nothing relinquished without knowing; the six non-diminishings of aspiration · vigor · mindfulness · wisdom · liberation · knowledge-and-vision-of-liberation; the unattached, unobstructed knowledge of the three times; the three actions coursing along with wisdom.

all-kinds-of-knowledge and the three bodiesSelf-nature · enjoyment · emanation.

the six perfectings of the fullness of the perfectionsThe six perfectings fulfilled by departing from the six obstructions.

the six kinds of buddha-markSubstance · cause · fruit · function · association · difference.

variant graphs (生-radical / 女-radical), same sense

the two transmitted Chinese forms compared

0611b01, the three natures listed together

0606c26, the sequence of transforming consciousness wholly agrees (eighth → mirror · seventh → equality · sixth → observing · first five → accomplishing)

0606b03, the three bodies: self-nature / enjoyment / emanation

the first ground

0659a25「以法自明明他故名明地」states the basis for the name of the third ground

structurally equivalent · not a literal variant rendering (the names wholly differ · the matching is exegetical)

0594c02, the treatise text compared with the Xuanzang-system four-character forms