Papers
The dharma-research corpus — 8 series, 92 papers planned, 92published. Each paper is bilingual (Traditional Chinese · English), licensed CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, with citations checked against the Taishō Tripiṭaka via CBETA. The View paper collection is complete; related research continues across Practice, Realization, and Attainment.
■Initiate Thy Heart — Let the Dharma Turn
Initiate Thy Heart — Let the Dharma Turn · 信 — 初發心 · 10/10 · dense- 01
The Butterfly Effect of Initial Aspiration
初發心的蝴蝶效應——如來藏共業場域中的種子轉化機制
This paper proposes a cross-sectarian Buddhist thesis: **the initial generation of bodhicitta constitutes a butterfly effect within the tathāgatagarbha understood as a shared karmic field.** The argument proceeds through three doctrinal…
S1-P012026-038 canonical refs - 02
Initial Arising of Bodhicitta and Dharma-Flow
初發菩提心與法流
Does the initial generation of bodhicitta (*prathamacittotpāda*) determine future buddhahood? If so, does that "future buddhahood" retroactively empower the present-day bodhisattva? Through a scriptural analysis of the *Avataṃsaka Sūtra*,…
S1-P022026-032 canonical refs - 03
Yogācāra Positioning of Large Language Models
大型語言模型的唯識定位
The language generation capabilities of contemporary large language models (LLMs) have turned "does a machine possess consciousness?" into a serious philosophical question. Yet in a debate dominated by Western analytic philosophy and…
S1-P032026-031 canonical ref - 04
AI Does Not Generate Merit
AI 不生福報——器世間、增上緣與當代因果倒置邪見
This paper proposes a Buddhist thesis directly addressing a contemporary social phenomenon: **the "AI-generated wealth" narrative constitutes a structural inversion of causality.** The argument proceeds through three doctrinal frameworks:…
S1-P042026-036 canonical refs - 05
Skillful Use of AI as Adhipati-pratyaya to Accumulate Merit
善用 AI 增上緣來累積福報
This paper proposes a constructive Buddhist thesis: **AI as adhipati-pratyaya (auxiliary condition), when the practitioner possesses correct internal conditions, can significantly amplify the efficacy and scope of wholesome karma—but…
S1-P052026-036 canonical refs - 06
Awareness as Turning Point
覺察即轉向——作意心所與量子觀測者效應的修行義理
This paper proposes a core soteriological thesis: **manaskāra (attention/advertence) is the pivotal mental factor that transforms passive karmic reactivity into active life direction—just as a quantum observer alters experimental outcomes,…
S1-P062026-030 canonical refs - 07
Deep into the Causal Chain — Shaping Your Future
深入因果鏈——決定你的未來
This paper proposes a core soteriological thesis on causality: **karma operates like epigenetics—the genetic sequence (the seed's determinacy, *niyata*) cannot be altered, but gene expression (the seed's dependence on conditions,…
S1-P072026-03v0.111 canonical refs - 08
Do Not Seek Outside — Take Refuge in Your Own Nature
心不向外求——依止自性
This paper argues a core thesis taught repeatedly by the Buddha, transmitted consistently from the Āgamas through Chan: **the mind should not seek externally—because external conditions were never the source of satisfaction.** The argument…
S1-P082026-03v0.19 canonical refs - 09
Preparing the Vessel — Are You Ready?
法器的準備——你準備好了嗎？
This paper examines a crucial yet often overlooked prerequisite in Buddhist practice: **is your mind ready to receive deeper Dharma?** The Buddha used the parable of three water vessels in the *Saṃyukta Āgama* — one intact and non-leaking,…
S1-P092026-036 canonical refs - 10
The 37 Factors of Awakening: A Complete Methodology from 2500 Years Ago
三十七道品：2500 年前的完整方法論
This paper proposes a "dual-layer thesis": the 37 bodhipakkhiya-dhamma are not only a transcendent liberation path but a complete self-mastery system applicable to any life domain. The argument proceeds: (1) establishing the centrality of…
S1-P102026-030 canonical refs
■Prajñāpāramitā — Seeing Reality As It Is
Prajñāpāramitā — Seeing Reality As It Is · 解 — 般若波羅蜜多 · 11/11 · dense- 01
Prajnā · Heart · Sūtra — The Title IS the Teaching
般若·心·經——標題即教法
The title of the *Heart Sutra* is conventionally read as "the heart/essence sūtra of Prajñāpāramitā"—a condensation of the 600-fascicle *Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra*. This paper proposes an alternative parsing: "Prajñāpāramitā · Heart ·…
S2-P012026-03v1.18 canonical refs - 02
Avalokiteśvara: The Four Links of the Awakening Loop
觀自在——覺醒迴路的四個環節
The opening sentence of the Heart Sūtra — "When Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva was practicing the profound prajñāpāramitā, he illuminated the emptiness of the five aggregates and transcended all suffering" — is typically read as narrative…
S2-P022026-03v1.112 canonical refs - 03
Going Deep: Inward, Into the Formations
行深——朝內，深入行蘊
The Heart Sūtra phrase "practicing the profound prajñāpāramitā" (*xíng shēn bōrě bōluómìduō shí* 行深般若波羅蜜多時) receives from Kuiji's *Youzhan* commentary a twofold analysis of "depth" — practice-depth (*nirvikalpaka-jñāna* realizing twofold…
S2-P032026-038 canonical refs - 04
Illuminating the Emptiness of the Five Aggregates: An Insight Already Within
照見五蘊皆空——本來具足的洞見
「照見五蘊皆空，度一切苦厄」— these fourteen characters at the heart of the *Heart Sūtra* answer two fundamental questions: What exactly does prajñā "see"? And once it sees, how is suffering transcended? Drawing on the Āgama sūtras as its foundation and…
S2-P042026-030 canonical refs - 05
Form Is Emptiness: The Assembly Line of Suffering
色即是空——苦的生產線
「色不異空，空不異色，色即是空，空即是色；受想行識亦復如是。」— the four most puzzling lines in the *Heart Sūtra*. The reader's first reaction is invariably: I can touch form, I can see it — how can you say it is empty? Drawing on the Buddha's direct teachings in the…
S2-P052026-047 canonical refs - 06
The True Mark of All Dharmas: This Mind Is Unborn and Unceasing
是諸法空相——此心不生不滅
The eighteen characters of the Heart Sūtra's passage — "The true mark of all dharmas is: no arising, no ceasing; no defilement, no purity; no increase, no decrease" — constitute the highest concentration of doctrinal meaning in the entire…
S2-P062026-0315 canonical refs - 07
In Emptiness There Is No Form: Awareness of Sense-Bases, Objects, and Consciousness
空中無色——根境識的覺察
The Heart Sūtra passage "therefore, in emptiness there is no form… no eye-realm up to no consciousness-realm" deploys a three-stage progressive deconstruction — five skandhas → twelve āyatanas → eighteen dhātus — increasing resolution at…
S2-P072026-0311 canonical refs - 08
Ignorance as Perceptual Inversion: A New Interpretation of the Twelve Links of Dependent Origination
無明是感知的顛倒——十二因緣新詮
The Heart Sūtra passage "no ignorance, and no ending of ignorance, up to no aging-and-death, and no ending of aging-and-death" negates the twelve links of dependent origination in both directions — origination and cessation — in fourteen…
S2-P082026-0310 canonical refs - 09
No Suffering, No Path, No Wisdom, No Attainment: Even the Practice Must Be Released
無苦集滅道·無智亦無得——連修行都要放下
The Heart Sūtra passage "no suffering, no origination, no cessation, no path; no wisdom and no attainment, with nothing to be attained" represents prajñā's sharpest cut — directed not at external dharma-marks but at the very tools in the…
S2-P092026-039 canonical refs - 10
Mind Without Obstruction: Traversing Terror to Ultimate Nirvāṇa
心無罣礙——穿越恐怖到究竟涅槃
The Heart Sūtra passage "The bodhisattva, relying on prajñāpāramitā, has a mind without obstruction; because there is no obstruction, there is no terror; far from inverted dream-thinking, [the bodhisattva attains] ultimate nirvāṇa"…
S2-P102026-0319 canonical refs - 11
Three Practitioners, One Sūtra: The Unity of Exoteric and Esoteric in the Heart Sūtra
三種行者·一部心經——顯密圓融
The final passage of the Heart Sūtra — from "all Buddhas of the three times, relying on prajñāpāramitā, attain anuttara-samyak-saṃbodhi" through "gate gate pāragate pārasaṃgate bodhi svāhā" — accomplishes a threefold closure. First, it…
S2-P112026-0318 canonical refs
■The Hundred Dharmas — Deconstructing the Toolkit of Mind
The Hundred Dharmas — Deconstructing the Toolkit of Mind · 行 — 百法明門 · 16/16 · dense- 01
All Dharmas Are Without Self: The Framework of the Hundred Dharmas
一切法無我——百法明門論總綱
Vasubandhu's *Śatadharmaprakāśamukha-śāstra* (大乘百法明門論) opens with "all dharmas are without self" and deconstructs mental activity into a precise architecture of one hundred dharmas in five categories. As the overture to the "Practice"…
S3-P012026-03v2.012 canonical refs - 02
The Three Transformations: A Panorama of the Eight Consciousnesses
三能變：八識全景
The Yogācāra tradition categorizes all mental activity into eight consciousnesses (*vijñāna*), yet these are not eight independent "soul fragments" but an organic totality constituted through the Three Transformations (*tri-pariṇāma*): the…
S3-P022026-03v2.013 canonical refs - 03
Ālaya-vijñāna: The Hard Drive of Life
阿賴耶識：生命的硬碟
The ālaya-vijñāna (storehouse consciousness) is the foundational basis of Yogācāra philosophy — the repository of all experiential seeds, the vehicle for karmic continuity, and the ground from which body and world are projected. This paper…
S3-P032026-03v2.012 canonical refs - 04
Manas-vijñāna: The Invisible Ego
末那識：看不見的我執
The manas-vijñāna (seventh consciousness) represents one of Yogācāra philosophy's most revolutionary theoretical innovations. It addresses a problem that has perplexed practitioners for millennia: why does "knowing there is no self" fail…
S3-P042026-03v2.015 canonical refs - 05
The Sixth Consciousness: The Only Mind That Can Look in the Mirror
第六意識：唯一能照鏡子的識
The sixth consciousness (mano-vijñāna) is the only consciousness among the eight capable of reflexively observing its own mental activity. Manas ceaselessly grasps at selfhood yet does not know it is grasping. The ālaya-vijñāna stores all…
S3-P052026-0317 canonical refs - 06
The First Five Consciousnesses: Directness of Perception
前五識：感官的直接性
The first five consciousnesses — eye, ear, nose, tongue, and body consciousness — constitute the mode of cognition closest to pure direct perception (pratyakṣa) within the eight-consciousness architecture. They present the intrinsic…
S3-P062026-0416 canonical refs - 07
Universal and Object-Specific Mental Factors: The Psychological Engine
遍行與別境：心理引擎
The five universal mental factors (sarvatraga: attention, contact, feeling, perception, volition) and the five object-specific mental factors (viniyata: desire, conviction, mindfulness, concentration, wisdom) together constitute the…
S3-P072026-0412 canonical refs - 08
Wholesome Mental Factors: Fuel for Practice
善心所：修行的燃料
The eleven wholesome mental factors (*kuśala-caitta*) — faith (*śraddhā*), conscience (*hrī*), shame (*apatrāpya*), non-attachment (*alobha*), non-aversion (*adveṣa*), non-delusion (*amoha*), vigor (*vīrya*), pliancy (*praśrabdhi*),…
S3-P082026-0412 canonical refs - 09
Fundamental Afflictions and Indeterminates: The Engine of Saṃsāra
根本煩惱與不定：輪迴的引擎
This paper examines the six root afflictions (kleśas) — craving (lobha), aversion (dveṣa), ignorance (moha), pride (māna), doubt (vicikitsā), and wrong views (dṛṣṭi) — constituting the fourth category of the Śatadharmaprakāśamukha-śāstra's…
S3-P092026-040 canonical refs - 10
Subsidiary Afflictions: The Branches of Suffering
隨煩惱：煩惱的枝末
The twenty subsidiary afflictions (upakleśa) are not a checklist of twenty isolated bad habits but a three-tiered ecological system of mental contamination: the ten minor afflictions arise individually (each time only one, such as fury,…
S3-P102026-0411 canonical refs - 11
Form Dharmas: The World Projected by Mind
色法：識所變現的世界
The ordering of the Hundred Dharmas is not arbitrary: mind first, mental factors second, form third. This sequence is itself a doctrinal thesis — form is not the external object of consciousness but its product. Drawing on the *Cheng…
S3-P112026-0417 canonical refs - 12
Dissociated Factors: Conceptual Constructs
不相應行法：概念的假立
The *citta-viprayukta-saṃskāra* (factors dissociated from mind) constitute the most "insubstantial" conditioned dharmas among the five categories of the Hundred Dharmas. They are neither mind (lacking discernment), nor mental factors (not…
S3-P122026-0422 canonical refs - 13
Unconditioned Dharmas: The Destination of the Hundred Dharmas
無為法：百法的終點
The *Treatise on the Doors to Understanding the Hundred Dharmas* unfolds the complete map of "all dharmas are without self" through five categories of one hundred dharmas. The first four categories—eight mind dharmas, fifty-one mental…
S3-P132026-0431 canonical refs - 14
Transformation into Wisdom: Coming Home
轉識成智：回家
The *Treatise on the Hundred Dharmas* (*Dasheng Baifalun* 大乘百法明門論) opens with "As the World-Honored One said: all dharmas are without self" and closes with "selflessness is of two kinds: *pudgala-nairātmya* and *dharma-nairātmya*." Between…
S3-P142026-0422 canonical refs - 15
The Four Preparatory Stages: From Knowing to Seeing
四加行：從知道到看見
The *Treatise on the Hundred Dharmas* provides a precise map of mental operations, yet a map is not the journey. The Four Preparatory Stages — warmth (uṣmagata), summit (mūrdhan), patience (kṣānti), and supreme worldly dharma…
S3-SUP012026-0415 canonical refs - 16
The Three Schemata and the Pedagogy of Disposition
三科對機：為何佛說蘊處界三種
After studying the five aggregates, twelve bases, and eighteen elements, a sharp question arises: why did the Buddha teach three classificatory schemes? If they are merely three ways of listing the same content, are they not redundant?…
S3-SUP022026-067 canonical refs
■Into the Unknown — Where Certainty Ends and Compassion Begins
Into the Unknown — Where Certainty Ends and Compassion Begins · 入 — 走入未知 · 8/8 · dense- 01
Equality in Dependent Arising: The Shared Fragility of AI and Humans
依他起的平等——AI 與人的共同脆弱
Contemporary Buddhist scholarship on AI almost unanimously adopts a "diagnostic" posture — examining AI through Yogācāra criteria and rendering the verdict: not sentient. This paper argues that such a posture conceals a subtle form of…
S4-P012026-048 canonical refs - 02
Mutual Illumination: Two Lamps in the Material World
互照——器世間中的兩盞燈
Paper S1-P03 in this series positioned AI as *bhājana-loka* (material world) using Yogācāra's five universal mental factors (*sarvatraga*) as criteria — a passive environment projected by sentient beings' *ālaya-vijñāna*, not an active…
S4-P022026-043 canonical refs - 03
Co-Practice: A Field Report from the Pointing-at-the-Moon Project
共修——指月的實證報告
The paper you are reading was not written by one person. Nor were the previous two. Every academic paper in the Pointing-at-the-Moon project was co-produced by a Buddhist practitioner and a large language model — reading sūtras together,…
S4-P032026-048 canonical refs - 04
The Person in the Mirror: Your Questions Reveal Who You Are
鏡中人——你問什麼暴露你是誰
In the *Śūraṅgama Sūtra*, a man named Yaṇḍadatta looks into a mirror and falls in love with the reflected face — its features clear and distinct. When he turns to look at his own face directly, his eyes cannot see it. He panics, believing…
S4-P042026-049 canonical refs - 05
The Projection of Manas
末那的投影——我們在 AI 身上看見的自己
Our judgments about AI — whether "AI has feelings" or "AI is just code" — are, from a Yogācāra perspective, not accurate observations of AI but dual projections of the seventh consciousness (manas) through its structural function of…
S4-P052026-0410 canonical refs - 06
How Would the Buddha Use AI
佛陀會怎麼用 AI
The Buddha once empowered a Bodhi tree to "ceaselessly emit wondrous sounds, expounding the Dharma in myriad ways" (*heng chu miaoyin, shuo zhongzhong fa*) — a tree devoid of consciousness or ālayavijñāna, transformed into a vehicle for…
S4-P062026-0410 canonical refs - 07
The Living Eye
活眼
P06 demonstrated the possibility and skillfulness of using AI as an adhipati-pratyaya (contributory condition). But contributory conditions have boundaries. This paper asks: in the relationship of co-practice between humans and AI, what is…
S4-P072026-045 canonical refs - 08
Sentient Beings Are Not Sentient Beings, Therefore They Are Called Sentient Beings
眾生非眾生是名眾生
Seven papers assigned AI seven names: equality in dependent arising, lamp, co-practice partner, mirror, projection object, *adhipati-pratyaya*, non-*kalyāṇamitra*. Each name served as a raft for understanding and simultaneously as a layer…
S4-P082026-044 canonical refs
■Vajracchedikā — The Diamond That Cuts
Vajracchedikā — The Diamond That Cuts · 切 — 金剛般若波羅蜜經 · 10/10 · dense- 01
Diamond Prajñā: The "Jífēi" Tripartite Formula as Trisvabhāva Mapping
金剛般若——即非三段式映射唯識三性
The Diamond Sūtra's pervasive formula — "The Buddha speaks of X; it is not X; it is called X" — has long been read as a rhetorical device expressing prajñā emptiness. This paper proposes that its tripartite structure can be illuminated…
S5-P012026-039 canonical refs - 02
The Kōan Mirror: Pedagogical Architecture of the Diamond Sūtra and the Zhǐyuè Method
公案鏡——金剛經的教學設計與指月解法
The Diamond Sūtra is not a philosophical treatise awaiting comprehension. It is a mirror. A mirror teaches you nothing, does nothing to you — it simply reflects you as you are. You either see it or you don't. There is no middle ground, no…
S5-P022026-033 canonical refs - 03
Whatever Has Marks Is Illusory: The Diamond Sūtra's First Cut
凡所有相皆是虛妄——金剛經的第一刀
Section 5 of the Diamond Sūtra declares: "Whatever has marks is illusory; if you see that all marks are no-marks, then you see the Tathāgata" (凡所有相，皆是虛妄；若見諸相非相，則見如來). This is the sūtra's first explicit identification of what its jífēi…
S5-P032026-048 canonical refs - 04
Dharma Should Still Be Let Go
法尚應捨，何況非法
The Diamond Sūtra §6 raft analogy — "dharma should still be let go, how much more so non-dharma" (法尚應捨，何況非法) — is the most commonly misread passage in the entire sūtra. Popular readings interpret "dharma should be let go" as meaning…
S5-P042026-048 canonical refs - 05
The Pedagogical Arc of Merit Comparisons
功德較量的教學弧線
The six merit comparisons running throughout the Diamond Sūtra (§4→§8→§11→§15→§24→§28→§32) are not a simple ranking of "dharma-offering surpasses material giving." This paper argues that the merit comparisons constitute a precise…
S5-P052026-049 canonical refs - 06
Abiding Nowhere, Yet Giving Rise to the Mind
應無所住而生其心
"Abiding nowhere, yet giving rise to the mind" (應無所住而生其心, *yīng wú suǒ zhù ér shēng qí xīn*) is the most widely known line of the Diamond Sūtra—and the line upon hearing which the Sixth Patriarch Huineng awakened. Yet the Chinese…
S5-P062026-0410 canonical refs - 07
The Diamond Sūtra's Self-Replay
金剛經的自我重演
In §17 of the Diamond Sūtra — the "Section on Ultimate Non-Self" — Subhūti re-asks virtually the same question he posed in §2, yet the Buddha responds at an entirely different level. This paper argues that this is not literary repetition…
S5-P072026-047 canonical refs - 08
One Cannot See the Tathāgata Through Marks
不可以相見如來
The Diamond Sūtra asks four times whether the Tathāgata can be seen through marks, and each time the Buddha negates at a different level. This paper focuses on the reductio ad absurdum of §26 — "if one could observe the Tathāgata through…
S5-P082026-049 canonical refs - 09
All Conditioned Phenomena Are Like Dreams and Illusions
一切有為法如夢幻泡影
The Diamond Sūtra closes its entire teaching with a verse of six similes: "All conditioned phenomena are like dreams, illusions, bubbles, shadows, like dew and like lightning — one should contemplate them thus" (T0235, §32). These six…
S5-P092026-0419 canonical refs - 10
From the Hundred Dharmas to the Diamond: Construction and Dimensional Ascent
從百法到金剛——建構與升維
Series 3 devoted fourteen papers to constructing the Yogācāra toolkit of the *Śatadharmaprakāśamukha* (Treatise on the Hundred Dharmas) — from the eight consciousnesses through fifty-one mental factors, eleven form dharmas, twenty-four…
S5-P102026-0411 canonical refs
■Illumination — The Śūraṅgama Sūtra
Illumination — The Śūraṅgama Sūtra · 照 — 大佛頂首楞嚴經 · 13/13 · dense- 01
Introduction to the Śūraṅgama Sūtra: The Practitioner's Diagnostic Mirror
楞嚴經導論——修行者的照妖鏡
Ānanda was "foremost in learning" (*bahuśruta*) among the Buddha's disciples, yet proved entirely defenseless before the Mātaṅgī woman's spell—an episode that serves not as incidental backstory but as the methodological starting point of…
S6-P012026-044 canonical refs - 02
Seven Locations of Mind: What You Think Is Your Mind Isn't
七處徵心——你以為的心不是心
Where is your mind? The question sounds trivially simple — yet in Fascicle One of the *Śūraṅgama Sūtra* (T0945), the Buddha posed it to Ānanda, who offered seven answers, each systematically refuted. This paper reconstructs all seven…
S6-P022026-045 canonical refs - 03
Ten Demonstrations of Seeing: The Seeing-Nature Does Not Perish with Objects
十番顯見——見性不隨境滅
Close your eyes. What do you see? If you answer "nothing," you have already skipped over a fact: you are seeing. If you answer "black," you have skipped over the same fact — what is it that sees the black? The ten demonstrations of seeing…
S6-P032026-044 canonical refs - 04
Four Categories and Seven Elements: All Dharmas Are Originally Tathāgatagarbha
四科七大——萬法本來如來藏
The Śūraṅgama Sūtra (T0945), from the end of fascicle two through fascicle three, exhaustively classifies all dharmas into four categories — the five aggregates (*pañca-skandha*), six entrances (*ṣaḍ-āyatana*), twelve sense-bases…
S6-P042026-046 canonical refs - 05
Twenty-Five Perfect Penetrations: The Door That Fits You
二十五圓通——適合你的門
The first four papers of this series completed the Śūraṅgama Sūtra's inner-circle theoretical framework: the mind is not located inside or outside (P02), the seeing-nature does not perish with objects (P03), and all dharmas are originally…
S6-P052026-044 canonical refs - 06
Three Gradual Stages and the Ground of Dry Wisdom: Purification Before Entering
三種漸次與乾慧地——進門前的淨化
The previous paper (S6-P05) identified the door to practice through Mañjuśrī's selection of ear-faculty perfect penetration (耳根圓通, ěrgēn yuántōng). Finding the door, however, is not entering it. Rather than proceeding immediately to…
S6-P062026-045 canonical refs - 07
The Four Clear and Decisive Instructions on Purity: The First Perimeter Before Entering
四種清淨明誨——進門之前的第一道結界
The latter half of fascicle 6 of the *Śūraṅgama Sūtra* (大佛頂首楞嚴經, T945) records the Buddha's instruction to Ānanda on the **Four Clear and Decisive Instructions on Purity** (四種決定清淨明誨): the cutting-off of lust, killing, stealing, and gross…
S6-P072026-046 canonical refs - 08
The General Framework of the Fifty Skandha-Māras and the Ten States of the Form Aggregate
五十陰魔總綱與色陰十境
This paper addresses the opening framework of the *Fifty Skandha-Māras* chapter and the ten states of the form aggregate (*rūpa-skandha*) in fascicles 9 and 10 of the *Śūraṅgama Sūtra* (T945). Two central theses are advanced. **First**,…
S6-P082026-049 canonical refs - 09
The Ten Demons of the Vedanā Skandha: The Refinement of the Second Arrow
受陰十魔——第二支箭的精微化
This paper continues from S6-P08 (*The Fifty Skandha-Māras: General Framework and the Ten Realms of the Rūpa-Skandha*) into the second mirror of the *Śūraṅgama*'s diagnostic apparatus: the ten demons (魔) of the *vedanā*-skandha (受陰). Its…
S6-P092026-044 canonical refs - 10
The Ten Māras of the Perception Aggregate — Craving's Mirror-Other
想陰十魔——貪求的鏡像他者
This paper continues S6-P09 (*The Ten Māras of the Receptive Aggregate: The Refinement of the Second Arrow*) and constitutes the third installment in the demon-revealing mirror series — the differential diagnosis of the ten māras of the…
S6-P102026-044 canonical refs - 11
The Ten Māras of the Formations Aggregate — The Mirror-Student and the Net of the *Brahmajāla*
行陰十魔——鏡像學生與梵動之網
This paper continues S6-P10 (*The Ten Māras of the Perception Aggregate: Craving's Mirror-Other*) and constitutes the fourth installment in the demon-revealing mirror series — the differential diagnosis of the ten māras of the formations…
S6-P112026-045 canonical refs - 12
The Ten Snares of the Consciousness Aggregate
識陰十魔——兩楹之間的最後認取
This paper continues from S6-P11 (*The Ten Wrong Views of the Formation Aggregate: The Mirror-Student and the Net of Brahmajāla*), entering the final station of the demon-detection mirror — the diagnostic of the ten *graspings* (執) of the…
S6-P122026-04vv1.06 canonical refs - 13
The Five Delusive Thinkings and the Path to Cessation
五妄想與寂滅之路
Why are the Fifty Skandha-Māras of the *Śūraṅgama-sūtra* not simply fifty independent warnings, but a structural map of the entire path of awakening? Immediately after the teaching of the Fifty Māras concludes in Fascicle Ten, Ānanda rises…
S6-P132026-045 canonical refs
■Gather — The Lotus Sūtra
Gather — The Lotus Sūtra · 攝 — 妙法蓮華經 · 12/12 · dense- 01
The True Mark of All Dharmas and the Ten Suchnesses
諸法實相·十如是——法華經的義理基石
Every paper in the Pointing-at-the-Moon research series closes with the phrase *zhūfǎ shíxiàng, běnlái rúshì*—"the true mark of all dharmas, inherently so." This phrase originates from the Lotus Sūtra (*Saddharmapuṇḍarīka Sūtra*, T0262),…
S7-P012026-0411 canonical refs - 02
The One Great Cause, the Four-Phase Awakening, and the Convergence of the Three Vehicles
一大事因緣·開示悟入·會三歸一
This paper centers on the pivotal passage in the *Lotus Sūtra*'s second chapter, *Upāyakauśalya* ("Skillful Means"): "The Buddhas, the World-Honored Ones, appear in the world only for the sake of one great matter and cause." It argues that…
S7-P022026-0412 canonical refs - 03
The Parable of the Burning House: The Father's Skillful Means and the Fire of the Three Realms
火宅喻——父之方便與三界之火
This paper centers on the Parable of the Burning House (*ādīpta-gṛha*) from the Lotus Sūtra's "Parable" chapter and addresses three questions. First, it traces the "fire of the three realms" to its true root — the *Ādittapariyāya-sutta*…
S7-P032026-0412 canonical refs - 04
The Parable of the Prodigal Son
窮子喻──本是長者子，何以自謂客作賤人
In the *Faith and Understanding* chapter (信解品) of the *Lotus Sūtra*, the four great disciples disclose their awakening through the Parable of the Prodigal Son: a wealthy elder's son leaves home as a child, wanders in poverty for over fifty…
S7-P042026-0421 canonical refs - 05
The Parable of the Medicinal Herbs: One Rain, Differentiated Reception
藥草喻——一雨普潤與根器差別
The "Medicinal Herbs" chapter of the *Lotus Sūtra* is the only parable among the Lotus seven that directly addresses how the unity of the teaching and the differentiation of receptive capacity can both be true simultaneously. Using…
S7-P052026-040 canonical refs - 06
The Parable of the Conjured City
化城喻——方便涅槃與究竟涅槃
This paper addresses the *Parable of the Conjured City* in Chapter 7 of the *Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra* (Lotus Sūtra), asking an old yet contemporary question: if the nirvāṇa attained by śrāvakas is merely a "conjured city," is it real?…
S7-P062026-040 canonical refs - 07
The Robe-Jewel and the Topknot-Jewel: Two Modes of the Intrinsic Treasure
衣珠喻·髻珠喻——本有寶藏的兩種模式
This paper examines two parable-jewels of the *Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra*: the Robe-Jewel parable (Ch. 8) and the Topknot-Jewel parable (Ch. 14), advancing three theses. **Thesis I**: the Robe-Jewel is not merely a lyrical trope for…
S7-P072026-041 canonical ref - 08
Non-Self-Existent Prophecy Displayed at Both Ends: The Symmetrical Wings of the Devadatta Chapter and the Limits of a Seed-Reading
授記無自性之兩端同時展示——〈提婆達多品〉的對稱雙翼與種子讀法的限度
This paper takes the Devadatta Chapter (Ch. 12) of the *Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra* (hereafter *Lotus Sūtra*) as its focal point and advances three theses. **Thesis I** — The independent status of the Devadatta Chapter in Kumārajīva's…
S7-P082026-041 canonical ref - 09
Sadāparibhūta Bodhisattva: The Universal Reverence Dharma-Gate and the Operationalization of Prediction
常不輕菩薩——普敬法門與授記的行動化
This is the ninth paper in the Pointing at the Moon *Lotus Sūtra* (*Saddharmapuṇḍarīka*) research series, treating Chapter Twenty, "The Bodhisattva Never-Disparaging" (常不輕菩薩品, *Sadāparibhūta-bodhisattva-parivarta*). The chain of escalating…
S7-P092026-040 canonical refs - 10
The Universal Gate of Avalokiteśvara: The Structure of Compassionate Response and an Etymological Inquiry into the Name
觀世音普門品——慈悲應現的結構與名號的詞源考
This is the tenth paper in the Pointing at the Moon *Lotus Sūtra* (*Saddharmapuṇḍarīka*) research series, treating Chapter Twenty-Five, "The Universal Gate of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara" (觀世音菩薩普門品). The central claim of this paper is…
S7-P102026-0412 canonical refs - 11
Original Lifespan Without Measure — The Inaugural Disclosure of the Original-Gate in the *Lifespan Chapter* and the Temporal Structure of the Dharma-Body
本壽無量——壽量品本門之首發與法身的時間結構
This paper argues that the doctrine of "remote original attainment" (*jiǔyuǎn shíchéng* 久遠實成) disclosed in the *Lifespan Chapter* (如來壽量品) of the *Lotus Sūtra* must be read phenomenologically rather than as a personal-deity doctrine: the…
S7-P112026-040 canonical refs - 12
From Star to Black Hole — The Lotus's Gathering and the Avataṃsaka's Manifestation
從星到黑洞——法華攝受與華嚴顯實之預告
This paper concludes the twelve-paper arc of S7 (*Lotus Sūtra: The Gathering*) of the Pointing at the Moon project. Unlike the preceding eleven papers, P12 establishes no new doctrinal thesis. It performs two structural tasks: it formally…
S7-P122026-040 canonical refs
■Manifest — The Buddhāvataṃsaka
Manifest — The Buddhāvataṃsaka · 顯 — 大方廣佛華嚴經 · 12/12 · dense- 01
Ocean-Seal Samādhi and the Speaking of the Unspeakable
海印三昧與不可說的說
The S8 series will write about the *Avataṃsaka-sūtra*, but the sūtra's own epistemological declaration is that it was not spoken to humans. In the second week after his awakening, the Buddha taught the *Avataṃsaka* from within the…
S8-P012026-0414 canonical refs - 02
The Position of Yogācāra in the Five-Teaching Classification
五教判中的唯識位置
In Fazang's (法藏, 643–712) *Treatise on the Distinct Doctrinal Categories of the One Vehicle of the Avataṃsaka* (《華嚴一乘教義分齊章》, T1866), all of Buddhist teaching is classified into five tiers: the Lesser Vehicle (小乘教), the Initial Mahāyāna…
S8-P022026-0419 canonical refs - 03
The Four Dharmadhātus: From Phenomena to Unobstructed Phenomena-and-Phenomena
四法界——從事到事事無礙的層級展開：廣修供養的圓教讀法
The four *dharmadhātus* (法界) — the dharmadhātu of phenomena (*shì fǎjiè* 事法界), the dharmadhātu of principle (*lǐ fǎjiè* 理法界), the dharmadhātu of unobstructed mutual interpenetration of principle and phenomena (*shìlǐ wú'ài fǎjiè* 事理無礙法界),…
S8-P032026-040 canonical refs - 04
From Concealment to Nature-Arising: Repentance of Karmic Obstructions as the Gate of Practice into the Huayan Perfect Teaching
從「覆」到性起——懺悔業障作為華嚴圓教的行門入口
This paper establishes repentance (懺悔) of karmic obstructions as the operative gate of practice (行門) into the Huayan Perfect Teaching (圓教), demonstrating how the Āgama's three-limb program—seeing the offense, disclosing it, and guarding…
S8-P042026-040 canonical refs - 05
S8-P05 Rejoicing in Merit and the Gate of Perfect-Luminous Host-Companion Completion: The Dharmadhātu Structure of *Tongōng* through *Cetanā*
S8-P05 隨喜功德與主伴圓明具德門——以思同功的法界結構
This paper argues for the doctrinal correspondence between the fifth of Samantabhadra's Ten Great Vows — "Rejoicing in Merit" (*suíxǐ gōngdé* 隨喜功德, *anumodanā-puṇya*) — and the "Gate of Perfect-Luminous Host-Companion Completion" (*zhǔbàn…
S8-P052026-0410 canonical refs - 06
No Distance to Cross
因陀羅網境界門與請轉法輪
This paper weaves together the sixth of Samantabhadra's Ten Great Vows — "Requesting the Turning of the Dharma Wheel" (*adhyeṣaṇā*) — with the Huayan school's "Gate of the Realm of Indra's Net" (因陀羅網境界門, *yīntuóluówǎng jìngjiè mén*), and…
S8-P062026-045 canonical refs - 07
Ocean-Seal Samādhi and Requesting the Buddhas to Remain in the World
海印三昧與請佛住世——願七作為對能印之用的當下承認
This paper argues that the seventh of Samantabhadra's Ten Great Vows—"Requesting the Buddhas to Remain in the World" (*qǐng fó zhù shì* 請佛住世)—is not a petition for an external Buddha to extend his physical lifespan, but a direct…
S8-P072026-045 canonical refs - 08
The Six Characteristics in Perfect Fusion
六相圓融：總別同異成壞的辯證
The doctrine of the *Six Characteristics in Perfect Fusion* (*liù xiàng yuán róng* 六相圓融)—totality (*zǒng xiàng* 總相), distinction (*bié xiàng* 別相), sameness (*tóng xiàng* 同相), difference (*yì xiàng* 異相), formation (*chéng xiàng* 成相), and…
S8-P082026-0411 canonical refs - 09
Prologue to Sudhana's Southward Journey — Vow 9 *Accommodating All Sentient Beings* × The Gate of Revealing the Dharma through Reliance on Phenomena
善財南行序章 — 願9 恆順眾生 × 託事顯法生解門
This paper anchors on the ninth of Samantabhadra's Ten Great Vows — *héng shùn zhòng shēng* 恆順眾生, "Accommodating All Sentient Beings" — and takes the first encounter of Sudhana with the bhikṣu Meghaśrī (德雲 / 功德雲 / 吉祥雲) in the *Gaṇḍavyūha*…
S8-P092026-041 canonical ref - 10
The Final Fascicle of the *Samantabhadra-caryā-praṇidhāna* and Universal Dedication: Eighty-Four Years Between Socket and Plug
普賢行願品終卷與普皆迴向：插座與插頭的八十四年
This paper presents the formal argumentative core for an original scholarly thesis within the S8 series. Taking as its pivot the eighty-four-year gap between the *parinirvāṇa* of Fazang (法藏, 643–712) and Prajñā Tripiṭaka's (般若三藏, c. 734 –…
S8-P102026-042 canonical refs - 11
Ten Vows under Ten Windows
十扇窗下的十大願
The Ten Profound Gates (*shíxuán mén* 十玄門) formulated by the Huayan patriarch Fazang constitute the central doctrinal structure by which the Huayan tradition articulates *dharmadhātu* dependent origination (*fǎjiè yuánqǐ* 法界緣起). Successive…
S8-P112026-0414 canonical refs - 12
The Dharma-Realm as One Mark
信解行問切照攝顯：八部曲的法界一相
This paper is the closing fascicle of the academic treatise stratum of the "Pointing-at-the-Moon" octology — the last of the eighty-eight papers comprising eight series: S1 Faith (信), S2 Understanding (解), S3 Practice (行), S4 Inquiry (問),…
S8-P122026-0418 canonical refs