僧伽婆羅

《續高僧傳》卷一本傳起首便定其名與其鄉：「僧伽婆羅。梁言僧養。亦云僧鎧。扶南國人也。」〔T50n2060 0426a03〕——一名而二釋，古德自身即不定於一，此處並錄。其學之次第，傳記甚明：「幼而頴悟。早附法津。學年出家。偏業阿毘曇論。」〔T50n2060 0426a04〕；具足之後廣習律藏，而後「勇意觀方樂崇開化。」〔T50n2060 0426a06〕，乃隨舶東來，住正觀寺，「為天竺沙門求那跋陀之弟子也。」〔T50n2060 0426a07〕，復從跋陀「研精方等。未盈炎燠博涉多通。」〔T50n2060 0426a08〕，且「乃解數國書語。」〔T50n2060 0426a09〕。——先阿毘曇，次律，次方等，次數國語：一個譯人的資具，是這樣一層一層備齊的。

The Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks*, fascicle one, opens by fixing his name and his country: "Saṅghapāla — in the Liang tongue 'Saṅgha-nurture,' also given as 'Saṅgha-armour' — was a man of Funan" 〔T50n2060 0426a03〕. One name and two renderings: the ancients themselves did not settle on one, and both are recorded here. Of his course of study the life is plain: "Quick-witted as a boy, he attached himself early to the ford of the Dharma; at the age of study he went forth, and made the Abhidharma treatises his particular work" 〔T50n2060 0426a04〕. After full ordination he studied the Vinaya widely, and then, "bold in mind, he looked to travel and delighted in furthering the spread of the teaching" 〔T50n2060 0426a06〕, and came east by ship to lodge at Zhengguan monastery, "becoming a disciple of the Indian śramaṇa Guṇabhadra" 〔T50n2060 0426a07〕. Under Guṇabhadra he went on to "refine his grasp of the extended teaching; before a single summer had passed his range was wide and his understanding many-sided" 〔T50n2060 0426a08〕, and moreover "he came to read and speak the languages of several countries" 〔T50n2060 0426a09〕. Abhidharma first, then Vinaya, then the extended teaching, then the several tongues: this is how a translator's equipment is assembled, layer upon layer.*

齊亡道陵，他不趨附，「婆羅靜潔身心外絕交。故擁室栖閑養素資業。」〔T50n2060 0426a10〕——閉門守素而已。及「大梁御㝢搜訪術能。」〔T50n2060 0426a11〕，天監五年被勅徵召，於揚都五處傳譯，至天監十七年，「都合一十一部。四十八卷。即大育王經。解脫道論等是也。」〔T50n2060 0426a14〕。譯場之制，傳記其始：「初翻經日。於壽光殿武帝躬臨法座筆受其文。」〔T50n2060 0426a15〕，「然後乃付譯人盡其經本。」〔T50n2060 0426a16〕，寶唱、慧超、僧智、法雲等相對疏出，而「華質有序不墜譯宗。」〔T50n2060 0426a18〕。所得供養，他一無所畜：「婆羅不畜私財。以為嚫施成立住寺。」〔T50n2060 0426a20〕。

When Qi fell and the teaching was trodden down he did not seek patronage: "Saṅghapāla kept body and mind clean and quiet and cut off outside dealings; he shut his room, dwelt at leisure, and nourished the plain ground of his practice" 〔T50n2060 0426a10〕 — no more than closing the door and keeping to what was simple. Then "the great Liang, ruling the land, sought out men of skill" 〔T50n2060 0426a11〕, and in the fifth year of Tianjian he was summoned. He translated at five places in the capital until the seventeenth year: "in all eleven works in forty-eight fascicles, namely the Sūtra of King Aśoka*, the* Path of Freedom*, and the rest" 〔T50n2060 0426a14〕. Of the translation bureau the life records the beginning: "On the first day of translating, in the Shouguang hall, Emperor Wu came in person to the seat of Dharma and took down the text with his own hand" 〔T50n2060 0426a15〕, "and only then was the text handed over to the translators to complete" 〔T50n2060 0426a16〕; Baochang, Huichao, Sengzhi, Fayun and others drew it out in consultation, so that "ornament and substance kept their order, and the lineage of translating was not let fall" 〔T50n2060 0426a18〕. Of what was offered him he stored nothing: "Saṅghapāla laid up no private property, but used what was given to found and maintain the monastery where he lived" 〔T50n2060 0426a20〕.*

與本編相關者，在其傳末一段。傳記梁初扶南沙門曼陀羅「大齎梵本遠來貢獻。」〔T50n2060 0426a23〕，梁廷即勅其「與婆羅共譯寶雲法界體性文殊般若經三部合一十一卷。」〔T50n2060 0426a24〕；《歷代三寶紀》所記同，作「共僧伽婆羅於揚都譯」〔T49n2034 0098b07〕。今存《文殊般若》二卷本卷端唯題曼陀羅仙，一卷本則自題「梁扶南國三藏僧伽婆羅譯」〔T08n0233 0732c14〕。藏籍記共譯，卷端各自題署——本編二本並讀，誌其實而不代為合一。普通五年，「因疾卒于正觀。春秋六十有五。」〔T50n2060 0426a21〕。

What touches this edition lies in the closing passage of his life. It records that at the beginning of the Liang the Funan śramaṇa Mandra "came from afar bearing a great quantity of Sanskrit texts as tribute" 〔T50n2060 0426a22〕, and that the Liang court thereupon ordered him "to translate together with Saṅghapāla the Ratnamegha*, the* Dharmadhātu-svabhāva*, and the* Mañjuśrī Prajñā — three works in eleven fascicles" 〔T50n2060 0426a24〕. The Record of the Three Jewels agrees: "he translated at Yangdu together with Saṅghapāla" 〔T49n2034 0098b07〕. The surviving two-fascicle Mañjuśrī Prajñā bears Mandra's name alone at the head of the fascicle, while the one-fascicle recension heads itself "translated by the Tripiṭaka master Saṅghapāla of Funan, under the Liang" 〔T08n0233 0732c14〕. The catalogues record a joint translation; the fascicle-heads each name one man. This edition reads the two recensions side by side and records the fact without collapsing them. In the fifth year of Putong "he fell ill and died at Zhengguan monastery, in his sixty-fifth year" 〔T50n2060 0426a21〕.