解脫道論Vimuttimagga

T1648 · 優波底沙造 僧伽婆羅譯
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前言Preface

題解

《解脫道論》，阿羅漢優波底沙（Upatissa）造，梁扶南三藏僧伽婆羅（Saṅghapāla）譯，十二卷十二品，收於《大正新脩大藏經》第三十二冊，經號一六四八（T32n1648）。此論以戒、定、慧三學總攝解脫之道：開卷歸敬立宗，次第分別戒、頭陀、定、覓善知識、行、行處，繼以三十八行處之廣說，終於五通、慧、五方便、分別諦，成一部完整的修道次第論。此論以漢譯傳世。

本書性質

本書是 T1648 的分層詮釋本，不是重譯，也不取代祖師譯文。全書一百五十個單元，每單元五層並立、各司其職：

層名所司
一原典自 CBETA T1648 原文逐字析出之底文，保留大正頁欄行位（如〔T32 399c13〕），供讀者對讀
二白話逐段今語疏解——問、答、分類、限定與取捨不漏，只把論文說了什麼如實說出，不加義理
三義疏完整教學散文——承論本自問答之弧，行內引文逐段開講，每處推闡皆可回錨本段字句
四考據科判定位、詞義與譯語、校記與異讀、論主引據、譬喻修辭、章內互讀、傳本——查無即記無
五心要獨立蒸餾短文，自取一個角度把本單元之髓提出來

五層分立而不相混：對讀者讀原典與白話，求教者讀義疏，查核者讀考據，初訪者讀心要。

讀法

全書依原論十二品編次，每品一夾，品內依論文次第分單元，每單元一夾、自成五層。各單元之 _INDEX.md 為該單元總覽。十二品如次：

因緣品第一 · 分別戒品第二 · 頭陀品第三 · 分別定品第四 · 覓善知識品第五 · 分別行品第六 · 分別行處品第七 · 行門品第八 · 五通品第九 · 分別慧品第十 · 五方便品第十一 · 分別諦品第十二

全書之底文總卷為 00_yuandian_source.md，十二卷十二品全文具在，各單元原典皆自此析出。

底本與凡例

  • 底本：CBETA 電子佛典集成之 T32n1648 原始 XML 為據；引文與行位皆逐字回核原典。
  • 校記：凡大正本之字經【CB】【麗-CB】等訂正者，本文從訂正之讀，考據誌其條；其餘異讀記而不採，本文從大正。
  • 引據：一切義理陳述皆可回溯至可核行位；查無所據者不立。
  • 白話、義疏、考據、心要四層中英雙語；英文為中文之鏡本，逐段對應，非獨立著作。原典層唯漢文。

著者與協作聲明

著者：釋慧鏡（Shi Huijing）。本書於人類主導下借助 AI 協助起草與校對；一切教義判讀、詞義裁定與異讀取捨，皆經著者親自核校裁決。AI 不作教義、章句或異讀之定奪。

授權

本作品採用創用 CC 姓名標示—非商業性—相同方式分享 4.0 國際（CC BY-NC-SA 4.0）授權條款發布。原典文字據 CBETA 電子佛典集成。

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa.

The work

The Vimuttimagga (解脫道論, "Treatise on the Path to Liberation") was composed by the arahant Upatissa and translated into Chinese by the Tripiṭaka master Saṅghapāla of Funan under the Liang dynasty. It comprises twelve fascicles in twelve chapters, preserved in the Taishō canon, volume 32, text no. 1648 (T32n1648). The treatise gathers the whole path of liberation under the three trainings of virtue, concentration, and wisdom: it opens with the homage and the founding of its thesis, proceeds through virtue, the ascetic practices, concentration, the search for a good friend, temperaments, and fields of practice, unfolds the thirty-eight practices at length, and concludes with the five direct knowledges, wisdom, the five means, and the analysis of the truths — a complete manual of the gradual path. The work has come down to us in its Chinese translation.

What this edition is

This is a layered exposition edition of T1648. It is not a retranslation, and it does not replace the canonical translation. The book comprises one hundred and fifty units; each unit carries five distinct layers, each serving its own reader:

LayerNamePurpose
1SourceThe canonical text carved verbatim from CBETA T1648, page-and-column loci preserved (e.g. 〔T32 399c13〕), for reading against the original
2Plain readingA paragraph-by-paragraph plain exposition — every question, answer, classification, and qualification accounted for; it states what the treatise says, adding no doctrine
3ExpositionFull teaching prose — following the treatise's own question-and-answer arc, quoting inline passage by passage, with every elaboration anchored to the wording of the source
4ApparatusStructural position, terms and renderings, collation and variant readings, the author's citations, similes and rhetoric, intra-work cross-readings, transmission — where nothing is found, "nothing found" is recorded
5EssenceA free-standing distillation, drawing out the marrow of the passage from a single chosen angle

The five layers stand separate and are never merged: the comparative reader takes Source and Plain reading, the student takes the Exposition, the checker takes the Apparatus, the first-time visitor takes the Essence.

How to read

The book follows the treatise's own order of twelve chapters, one folder per chapter; within each chapter, units follow the sequence of the text, one folder per unit, five layers within. Each unit's _INDEX.md is its overview. The twelve chapters:

  1. Causes and Conditions · 2. The Analysis of Virtue · 3. The Ascetic Practices · 4. The Analysis of Concentration · 5. Seeking a Good Friend · 6. The Analysis of Practice · 7. The Analysis of Fields of Practice · 8. The Doorways of Practice · 9. The Five Direct Knowledges · 10. The Analysis of Wisdom · 11. The Five Means · 12. The Analysis of Truth

The full witness of the source text is 00_yuandian_source.md, containing all twelve fascicles and chapters; every unit's Source layer is carved from it.

Base text and conventions

  • Base text: the raw XML of T32n1648 in the CBETA electronic canon; all quotations and loci are verified character by character against it.
  • Collation: where the Taishō reading has been corrected by 【CB】 or 【麗-CB】 emendation, the text follows the corrected reading and the Apparatus records the entry; other variant readings are recorded but not adopted, the text following the Taishō.
  • Grounding: every doctrinal statement traces to a checkable locus; where no source is found, no claim is made.
  • The Plain reading, Exposition, Apparatus, and Essence layers are bilingual; the English is a sister rendering of the Chinese, mirrored section by section, not an independent work. The Source layer stands in Chinese.

Author and collaboration statement

Author: 釋慧鏡 (Shi Huijing). This book was drafted and proofread with AI assistance under human direction; every doctrinal judgement, terminological decision, and choice among variant readings was personally verified and decided by the author. The AI decides no matter of doctrine, text, or variant reading.

License

This work is published under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license. The canonical text follows the CBETA electronic canon.

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa.

  1. 因緣品第一1. Causes and Conditions
  2. 01歸敬與解脫道綱領Homage and the Outline of the Path〔T32 0399c〕
  3. 02說解脫道之由與三學Why the Path of Freedom Is Taught and the Three Trainings〔T32 0400a〕
  4. 03三學的清淨與成就The Purity and Accomplishment of the Three Trainings〔T32 0400b〕
  5. 分別戒品第二2. The Analysis of Virtue
  6. 01戒的總問、定義與戒相The General Questions, Definition, and Characteristic of Virtue〔T32 0400c〕
  7. 02戒相、功德與二分諸門The Characteristic and Benefits of Virtue and Its Twofold Classifications〔T32 0400c〕
  8. 03三種戒諸門Threefold Classifications of Virtue〔T32 0401c〕
  9. 04四種戒諸門Fourfold Classifications of Virtue〔T32 0402a〕
  10. 05波羅提木叉威儀與行Pātimokkha Deportment and Conduct〔T32 0402b〕
  11. 06行處、細罪與可學Proper Resort, Minor Offenses, and What Is to Be Learned〔T32 0402c〕
  12. 07命清淨戒與根威儀戒Purity of Livelihood and Restraint of the Faculties〔T32 0403a〕
  13. 08四事受用觀Contemplation on the Use of the Four Requisites〔T32 0403b〕
  14. 09四種受用與戒清淨Four Kinds of Use and the Purification of Virtue〔T32 0403c〕
  15. 頭陀品第三3. The Ascetic Practices
  16. 01頭陀總說與衣相應二法General Account of the Ascetic Practices and the Two Robe-Related Practices〔T32 0404b〕
  17. 02乞食相應五法Five Practices Associated with Alms-Food〔T32 0405a〕
  18. 03坐臥五法與常坐不臥The Five Practices Associated with Sitting and Lying Down, and Constant Sitting without Lying Down〔T32 0405b〕
  19. 04十三頭陀的方便與攝約The Allowances and Subsumption of the Thirteen Ascetic Practices〔T32 0406a〕
  20. 05頭陀分五問Five Questions on the Share in the Ascetic Practices〔T32 0406b〕
  21. 06頭陀四句與相味起The Four Cases of the Ascetic Practices and Their Characteristic, Function, and Arising〔T32 0406c〕
  22. 分別定品第四4. The Analysis of Concentration
  23. 01定的總問、功德與資具The General Questions on Concentration, Its Benefits, and Its Requisites〔T32 0406c〕
  24. 02二種定諸門：邪定與正定The Two-Fold Divisions of Concentration: Wrong and Right〔T32 0407b〕
  25. 03三種定與四種定諸門The Three-Fold and Four-Fold Divisions of Concentration〔T32 0407b〕
  26. 04四種定的多重分類The Multiple Four-Fold Classifications of Concentration〔T32 0407c〕
  27. 05五種定與四禪五禪The Five-Fold Divisions and the Four and Five Jhānas〔T32 0408a〕
  28. 覓善知識品第五5. Seeking a Good Friend
  29. 01善知識的必要與七分The Necessity of a Good Friend and the Seven Factors〔T32 0408a〕
  30. 02尋師、親近與依止Seeking the Teacher, Drawing Near, and Requesting Dependence〔T32 0408c〕
  31. 分別行品第六6. The Analysis of Practice
  32. 01十四行、七人與三行Fourteen Temperaments, Seven Persons, and Three Temperaments〔T32 0409b〕
  33. 02三行因緣與辨識總綱Causes of the Three Temperaments and General Framework for Discernment〔T32 0410a〕
  34. 03六相辨行Discerning Temperament through Six Signs〔T32 0410b〕
  35. 04三行的資具與行處Requisites and Places of Activity for the Three Temperaments〔T32 0410c〕
  36. 分別行處品第七7. The Analysis of Fields of Practice
  37. 01三十八行處與禪攝The Thirty-Eight Practices and Their Jhāna Classifications〔T32 0411a〕
  38. 02正越、增長、緣與事Right Going Beyond, Increase, Condition, and Things〔T32 0411b〕
  39. 03勝、地與取Excellence, Ground, and Grasping〔T32 0411c〕
  40. 04六人行處與三人攝約Fields of Practice for Six Persons and Their Summary as Three〔T32 0412a〕
  41. 行門品第八8. The Doorways of Practice
  42. 01地一切入開卷連問Opening Questions on the Earth Kasiṇa〔T32 0412b〕
  43. 02一切入義、取地與曼陀羅The Meaning of Kasiṇa, Choosing Earth, and the Maṇḍala〔T32 0412c〕
  44. 03修地前行與等觀、方便Preliminaries for the Earth Practice: Balanced Observation and Skillful Means〔T32 0413a〕
  45. 04離亂調治與取相、彼分相Balancing Disturbance: The Acquired Sign and Counterpart Sign〔T32 0413b〕
  46. 05守相與外行、安定Guarding the Sign: Jhāna Access and Absorption〔T32 0414a〕
  47. 06增長一切入與安定方便Expanding the Kasiṇa and the Means to Absorption〔T32 0414b〕
  48. 07離欲與離不善法Seclusion from Desire and Unwholesome Dharmas〔T32 0415a〕
  49. 08覺觀的相味與差別Applied Thought and Examination: Their Qualities and Distinction〔T32 0415b〕
  50. 09喜樂、初禪與五蓋總說Joy, Pleasure, the First Jhāna, and the Five Hindrances〔T32 0415c〕
  51. 10睡眠等五蓋釋疑Questions on Sleep and the Five Hindrances〔T32 0416b〕
  52. 11初禪五枝的成立The Establishment of the Five Factors of the First Jhāna〔T32 0416c〕
  53. 12初禪三善、十相與二十五功德Three Kinds of Goodness, Ten Characteristics, and Twenty-Five Qualities of the First Jhāna〔T32 0416c〕
  54. 13浴屑、水與丸喻The Simile of Bath Powder, Water, and the Ball〔T32 0417b〕
  55. 14喜樂遍身與初禪四分Joy and Pleasure Pervading the Body and the Four Divisions of the First Jhāna〔T32 0417b〕
  56. 15求第二禪與初禪過患Seeking the Second Jhāna and the Faults of the First〔T32 0418a〕
  57. 16第二禪的內信與心成一性Internal Confidence and the Mind Becoming One in Nature in the Second Jhāna〔T32 0418b〕
  58. 17求第三禪與捨、念Seeking the Third Jhāna: Equanimity and Mindfulness〔T32 0419a〕
  59. 18第三禪的念、正智與身樂Mindfulness, Clear Knowing, and Bodily Pleasure in the Third Jhāna〔T32 0419b〕
  60. 19第三禪成就與轉入第四禪Accomplishing the Third Jhāna and Turning to the Fourth〔T32 0419c〕
  61. 20第四禪諸根滅與捨念清淨The Cessation of the Faculties and Purification of Equanimity and Mindfulness in the Fourth Jhāna〔T32 0420a〕
  62. 21越色入無邊空處Going Beyond Form into the Base of Boundless Space〔T32 0420c〕
  63. 22無邊識處The Base of Boundless Consciousness〔T32 0421b〕
  64. 23無所有處The Base of Nothingness〔T32 0421c〕
  65. 24非想非非想處The Base of Neither-Perception-nor-Non-Perception〔T32 0421c〕
  66. 25定處散句Miscellaneous Statements on Concentration〔T32 0422a〕
  67. 26水一切入The Water Kasiṇa〔T32 0422b〕
  68. 27火一切入The Fire Kasiṇa〔T32 0422c〕
  69. 28風一切入The Wind Kasiṇa〔T32 0423a〕
  70. 29青、黃一切入The Blue-Green and Yellow Kasiṇas〔T32 0423a〕
  71. 30赤、白與光明一切入The Red, White, and Light Kasiṇas〔T32 0423b〕
  72. 31虛空與識一切入The Space and Consciousness Kasiṇas〔T32 0424a〕
  73. 32一切入散句與十六行Miscellaneous Statements on the Kasiṇas and the Sixteen Modes〔T32 0424b〕
  74. 33膖脹想的功德與取相The Swollen-Corpse Perception: Its Qualities and Taking the Sign〔T32 0424c〕
  75. 34膖脹想取相次第與初禪The Sequence for Taking the Swollen-Corpse Sign and the First Jhāna〔T32 0425b〕
  76. 35其餘九不淨想The Other Nine Perceptions of Impurity〔T32 0425c〕
  77. 36十不淨散句Miscellaneous Statements on the Ten Impurities〔T32 0426b〕
  78. 37十不淨增長釋疑與結偈Why the Ten Impurities Are Not Developed Further, and the Closing Verse〔T32 0426b〕
  79. 38念佛功德與修行The Qualities and Cultivation of Recollection of the Buddha〔T32 0426b〕
  80. 39念佛釋疑與念法Questions on Recollection of the Buddha and Recollection of the Dhamma〔T32 0428a〕
  81. 40念僧Recollection of the Saṅgha〔T32 0428b〕
  82. 41念戒與念施Recollection of Virtue and Giving〔T32 0429a〕
  83. 42念天Recollection of Deities〔T32 0429b〕
  84. 43念安般總說與取相Mindfulness of Breathing: Overview and Acquiring the Sign〔T32 0429c〕
  85. 44安般四修與知一切身Four Ways of Mindfulness of Breathing and Knowing the Whole Body〔T32 0430b〕
  86. 45安般十六處與止觀The Sixteen Bases of Mindfulness of Breathing and Calm-and-Insight〔T32 0430c〕
  87. 46安般滿四念處、七覺分與明解脫Mindfulness of Breathing Fulfilling the Four Establishments, Seven Awakening Factors, and Knowledge-Liberation〔T32 0431b〕
  88. 47念死總說與八種修法Mindfulness of Death: Overview and Eight Modes of Practice〔T32 0431c〕
  89. 48兇惡逐、無因緣與本取Pursuit by a Violent Man, No Means, and Taking the Former〔T32 0432a〕
  90. 49身多屬、壽無力與遠分別The Body’s Many Dependencies, the Powerlessness of Life, and Distant Discernment〔T32 0432a〕
  91. 50無相、剎那與念死收束Signlessness, the Moment, and the Conclusion of Mindfulness of Death〔T32 0432b〕
  92. 51念身總說與三十二行General Account of Mindfulness of the Body and the Thirty-Two Items〔T32 0432c〕
  93. 52身之生起與次第The Body’s Arising and Sequence〔T32 0433a〕
  94. 53身中蟲種Kinds of Worms within the Body〔T32 0433b〕
  95. 54身體安聚與諸過患The Body’s Arrangement, Aggregation, and Dangers〔T32 0434a〕
  96. 55念寂寂與十念散句Recollection of Quietude and Miscellaneous Statements on the Ten Recollections〔T32 0434b〕
  97. 56慈心總說與忿恨過患General Account of Loving-Kindness and the Dangers of Anger〔T32 0435a〕
  98. 57忍辱功德與次第修慈The Qualities of Patience and the Graduated Cultivation of Loving-Kindness〔T32 0435b〕
  99. 58除瞋方便與廣修慈心Means of Removing Anger and Extending Loving-Kindness Widely〔T32 0436a〕
  100. 59慈心根事與十波羅蜜The Roots and Object of Loving-Kindness and the Ten Perfections〔T32 0436c〕
  101. 60悲心修行與具足The Cultivation and Fulfillment of Compassion〔T32 0437a〕
  102. 61喜心修行與具足The Cultivation and Fulfillment of Appreciative Joy〔T32 0437b〕
  103. 62捨心修行與具足The Cultivation and Fulfillment of Equanimity〔T32 0437c〕
  104. 63四無量散句與禪地Miscellaneous Statements on the Four Immeasurables and Their Jhāna Grounds〔T32 0438a〕
  105. 64觀四大總說與略廣取界Contemplating the Four Elements: Overview and Brief and Detailed Grasping of the Elements〔T32 0438b〕
  106. 65四大語言與名義The Four Great Elements: Language and Meaning〔T32 0439a〕
  107. 66四大事、聚、散與不離The Four Great Elements by Function, Grouping, Dispersion, and Non-Separation〔T32 0439b〕
  108. 67四大緣相與同異The Four Great Elements: Conditions, Characteristics, Similarity, and Difference〔T32 0439c〕
  109. 68界隷觀與四諦The Element-Puppet Contemplation and the Four Truths〔T32 0440a〕
  110. 69食不耐想總說與經營The Perception of Repulsiveness in Food: Overview and Procurement〔T32 0440b〕
  111. 70食不耐想散用至聚The Perception of Repulsiveness in Food: Dispersed Use through Aggregation〔T32 0440c〕
  112. 71無所有處、非非想處與品結The Bases of Nothingness and Neither-Perception-nor-Non-Perception, and the Chapter Conclusion〔T32 0441a〕
  113. 五通品第九9. The Five Direct Knowledges
  114. 01五通總標與變類The Five Direct Knowledges and the Classes of Transformation〔T32 0441a〕
  115. 02起變與四如意足Bringing Forth Transformation and the Four Bases of Power〔T32 0441c〕
  116. 03受持變的行用The Applications of Determination-Transformation〔T32 0442a〕
  117. 04作變、意所造變與散句Form-Transformation, Mind-Produced Transformation, and Miscellaneous Statements〔T32 0442c〕
  118. 05天耳通的能起與修法Who Brings Forth the Divine Ear, and How It Is Cultivated〔T32 0443a〕
  119. 06他心智的能起與修法Who Brings Forth Knowledge of Others’ Minds, and How It Is Cultivated〔T32 0443b〕
  120. 07憶宿命智的種類與修法The Kinds and Cultivation of Knowledge Recollecting Past Lives〔T32 0443c〕
  121. 08天眼通與五通散句The Divine Eye and Miscellaneous Statements on the Five Direct Knowledges〔T32 0444a〕
  122. 分別慧品第十10. The Analysis of Wisdom
  123. 01慧的總說與功德偈A General Account of Wisdom and the Verse on Its Qualities〔T32 0444c〕
  124. 02慧義、得慧功德與分類The Meaning of Wisdom, Qualities for Its Attainment, and Its Classifications〔T32 0444c〕
  125. 五方便品第十一11. The Five Means
  126. 01五方便總標與色陰General Outline of the Five Means and the Aggregate of Form〔T32 0445c〕
  127. 02色法差別、令起與聚Differences among Forms, Their Arising, and Clusters〔T32 0446a〕
  128. 03色法之生、種種與一種The Birth, Varieties, and Unity of Form〔T32 0446c〕
  129. 04受陰與想陰The Aggregates of Feeling and Perception〔T32 0447b〕
  130. 05行陰諸法Qualities of the Aggregate of Formations〔T32 0447c〕
  131. 06識陰三門Three Approaches to the Aggregate of Consciousness〔T32 0448a〕
  132. 07五陰的句義、相、分別與攝Phrase-Meaning, Characteristic, Classification, and Inclusion of the Five Aggregates〔T32 0448b〕
  133. 08十二入的句義、境界與緣Phrase-Meaning, Domain, and Conditions of the Twelve Sense Bases〔T32 0448c〕
  134. 09夾勝心起、譬喻與攝The Arising of the Interposed Superior Mind, Its Simile, and Inclusion〔T32 0449b〕
  135. 10十八界與說化境界The Eighteen Elements and the Domain of Instruction〔T32 0449c〕
  136. 11十二因緣次第與剎那緣起The Sequence of Twelve Conditions and Conditionality in One Moment〔T32 0450a〕
  137. 12因緣分類、三節與有生節Classifying Conditionality: Three Junctures and the Becoming-Birth Juncture〔T32 0450c〕
  138. 13四略、二十行、輪與牽Four Summaries, Twenty Modes, Wheel, and Drawing〔T32 0451b〕
  139. 14世間、出世因緣與相攝Mundane and Supramundane Conditions and Inclusion〔T32 0451c〕
  140. 15四聖諦總說General Account of the Four Noble Truths〔T32 0452a〕
  141. 16四諦所以與前四門Why Four Truths and the First Four Approaches〔T32 0452b〕
  142. 17四諦譬喻、分別、數與一Simile, Analysis, Number, and Unity of the Four Truths〔T32 0452c〕
  143. 18四諦種種、次第廣與攝Diversity, Extended Sequence, and Inclusion of the Four Truths〔T32 0453a〕
  144. 分別諦品第十二12. The Analysis of Truth
  145. 01四諦方便與名色The Four Noble Truths Method and Name-and-Form〔T32 0453c〕
  146. 02四諦因緣與三相廣觀Conditions of the Four Noble Truths and Extended Contemplation of the Three Characteristics〔T32 0454a〕
  147. 03三種取相與心相Three Kinds of Grasping a Sign and Signs of Mind〔T32 0454c〕
  148. 04善取相與起滅通達Well-Grasped Signs and Penetration of Arising and Cessation〔T32 0454c〕
  149. 05起滅智的通達與成滿Penetration and Fulfillment of Knowledge of Arising and Cessation〔T32 0455a〕
  150. 06觀滅三行與除亂慢Three Ways of Contemplating Cessation and Removing Distraction and Overestimation〔T32 0455c〕
  151. 07令起智怖與樂解脫智Knowledge That Arouses Fear and Knowledge Delighting in Liberation〔T32 0456c〕
  152. 08相似智與性除智Knowledge of Similarity and Disposition-Removing Knowledge〔T32 0457a〕
  153. 09道智一剎那分別四諦Path Knowledge Distinguishes the Four Truths in a Single Instant〔T32 0457a〕
  154. 10三結與須陀洹果The Three Fetters and the Fruit of Stream-Entry〔T32 0457c〕
  155. 11諸果進修與聖者類型Further Cultivation of the Fruits and Types of Noble Persons〔T32 0458a〕
  156. 12次第分諦之難與一剎那四諦The Objection to Sequentially Distinguishing the Truths and the Four Truths in One Instant〔T32 0458c〕
  157. 13禪觀、燥觀與出世諸分Meditation Contemplation, Dry Contemplation, and the Supramundane Divisions〔T32 0459a〕
  158. 14三觀各成三解脫Each of the Three Contemplations Becomes One of the Three Liberations〔T32 0459b〕
  159. 15三解脫一道人與煩惱斷治The Three Liberations on One Path and the Abandoning of Defilements〔T32 0459c〕
  160. 16果正受Fruit Attainment〔T32 0460c〕
  161. 17想受滅正受The Attainment of the Cessation of Perception and Feeling〔T32 0461a〕
  162. 18十二品結竟與總結偈Completion of the Twelve Chapters and Concluding Verses〔T32 0461c〕

Translator · 釋慧鏡 Shi Huijing — with AI-assisted consistency checking

License · CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

指月 · pointing at the moon