解脫道論 身中蟲種
正文總說：「此身八萬戶虫之所食噉。」以下逐處列出所依部位與蟲名：依髮者名髮鐵，依腦者名顛狂下，依目者名舐眼；骨、筋、胃、熟藏各列四種，另及膽、唾、汗、脂、強、彊根與下二孔。多數名稱只作音譯，本段不釋其義；骨與髓的名列中另保留三處反切註音。
近末一項明說依身前、後、左、右者各食其處，但「五種虫」只配四個方位，名列又有五名並帶「等」字，正文沒有逐一分派。八萬總標與下列名數也沒有會通。
問句說「以虫種當念身性」，結句改說「如是以虫居止當念身性」。本段由食噉總標、所依名列到虫居止而止；兩種用詞的差別及各音譯名的所指，都沒有再解釋。
The source first states, “This body is eaten by eighty thousand households of worms.” It then lists, place by place, the body parts on which the worms depend and their names: the one associated with hair is 髮鐵, the one associated with the brain 顛狂下, and the one associated with the eyes 舐眼. Bones, sinews, stomach, and the mature repository each have four kinds; the list also includes bile, spittle, sweat, grease, 強, 彊根, and the two lower apertures. Most names are phonetic forms whose meanings this passage does not explain. Three fanqie pronunciation notes are retained in the lists for bones and marrow.
Near the end, the text expressly says that those associated with the front, back, left, and right of the body each eat their respective place. Yet “five kinds of worms” is matched with only four directions, while five names plus “and so on” are given. The source does not allocate them one by one. Nor does it reconcile the general total of eighty thousand with the number of names actually listed.
The question says “one should recollect the nature of the body by kinds of worms,” while the conclusion changes to “thus one should recollect the nature of the body through the worms’ dwelling.” The passage proceeds from the general statement about eating, through the names and their dependent places, to the worms’ dwelling, and stops. It gives no further explanation of the difference between the two expressions or of what each phonetic name denotes.
Shi Huijing · Waken · The Path of Freedom · Kinds of Worms within the Body · Doorway · Summer 2026
阿羅漢優波底沙造，梁扶南三藏僧伽婆羅譯《解脫道論》〈行門品〉「身中蟲種」· 大正藏 T32n1648〔起 T32 0433b〕。段首〔T32 …〕＝大正藏頁·欄錨。
〔T32 0433b〕
問：云何以虫種當念身性？答：此身八萬戶虫之所食噉。依髮之虫名髮鐵，依髑髏虫名耳腫，依腦之虫名顛狂下。顛狂復有四種：一名塸拘霖婆、二名濕婆羅、三名陀羅呵、四名陀阿尸邏。依目之虫名舐眼，依耳之虫名蚔耳。依鼻之虫名蚔鼻，復有三種：一名樓扣母可、二名阿樓扣、三名摩那樓母可。依舌之虫名勿伽，依舌根虫名母但多，依齒之虫名狗婆，依齒根之虫名優婆拘婆，依喉之虫名阿婆離呵。依頸之虫有二種：一名虜呵羅、二毘虜呵羅。依毛之虫名蚔毛，依爪之虫名蚔爪。依皮之虫有二種：一名兜那、二名兜難多。依膜之虫復有二種：一名鞞藍婆、二名摩諀藍婆。依肉之虫復有二種：一名阿羅婆、二名羅婆。依血之虫復有二種：一名婆羅、二名婆多羅。依筋之虫復有四種：一名賴多虜、二名喜多婆、三名婆羅婆多羅、四名羅那婆羅那。依脈之虫名架栗俠那。依脈根之虫復有二種：一名尸婆羅、二名優婆尸尸羅。依骨之虫復有四種：一名遏褫（除里反）毘馱、二名安那毘馱、三名殆（塗履反）履拕毘拕、四名遏褫絙可羅。依髓之虫復有二種：一名弭（亡比反）社、二名弭社尸羅。依脾之虫復有二種：一名尼羅、二名比多。依心之虫復有二種：一名死毘多、二名優鉢拕毘多。依心根之虫復有二種：一名滿可、二名尸羅。依肪之虫復有二種：一名哿羅、二名哿羅尸羅。依膀胱之虫復有二種：一名弭哿羅、二名摩訶哿羅。依膀胱根復有二種：一名哿羅、二名哿羅尸羅。依胞之虫復有二種：一名娑婆羅、二名摩訶沙婆羅。依胞根之虫復有二種：一名賴多、二名摩訶賴多。依小腸之虫復有二種：一名帚賴多、二名摩訶賴多。依腸根之虫復有二種：一名波、二名摩訶死波。依大腸根虫復有二種：一名安那婆呵、二名𭘰果婆呵。依胃之虫復有四種：一名優受哿、二名優社婆、三名知社婆、四名先市婆。依熟藏之虫復有四種：一名婆呵那、二名摩訶婆呵那、三名陀那槃、四名粉那母可。依膽之虫名必多離訶，依唾之虫名纖呵，依汗之虫名髓陀離呵，依脂之虫名弭陀離呵。依強之虫復有二種：一名藪婆呵母、二名社摩契多。依彊根虫復有三種：一名處呵母珂、二名陀虜呵母珂、三名娑那母珂。有五種虫，依於身前食於身前、依於身後食於身後、依於身左食於身左、依於身右食於身右，虫名栴陀、死羅、脣呵、死羅不、偷羅等。依下二孔有三種虫：一名拘樓拘羅唯喻、二名遮羅喻、三名寒頭波拕。如是以虫居止當念身性。
The canonical text stands in Chinese only. This edition renders the essence, the plain reading, the exposition and the apparatus into English — never the sūtra itself. Switch to 漢讀本 or 並行雙語 above to read it.
八萬戶虫
問：如何以虫種當念身性？
答：原文總說，這個身體是「八萬戶虫」所食噉的對象。以下實際列出的蟲名遠不到八萬，原文沒有說明總數與名單如何對應。
頭面諸虫
依附在頭髮上的蟲叫髮鐵，依附在髑髏上的蟲叫耳腫，依附在腦中的蟲叫顛狂下。原文接著說「顛狂復有四種」：第一名塸拘霖婆，第二名濕婆羅，第三名陀羅呵，第四名陀阿尸邏；這四名與「顛狂下」的精確關係，原文沒有再解釋。
依附在眼睛上的蟲叫舐眼，依附在耳朵上的蟲叫蚔耳。
依附在鼻子上的蟲叫蚔鼻；原文接著又列三種：第一名樓扣母可，第二名阿樓扣，第三名摩那樓母可。
依附在舌上的蟲叫勿伽，依附在舌根的蟲叫母但多；依附在牙齒上的蟲叫狗婆，依附在齒根的蟲叫優婆拘婆；依附在喉部的蟲叫阿婆離呵。
依附在頸部的蟲有兩種：第一名虜呵羅；第二項底本直作「二毘虜呵羅」，少了「名」字，這裡照原文保留。
身表諸虫
依附在身毛上的蟲叫蚔毛，依附在指甲上的蟲叫蚔爪。
依附在皮膚上的蟲有兩種：第一名兜那，第二名兜難多。
依附在膜上的蟲也有兩種：第一名鞞藍婆，第二名摩諀藍婆。
依附在肉上的蟲也有兩種：第一名阿羅婆，第二名羅婆。
依附在血中的蟲也有兩種：第一名婆羅，第二名婆多羅。
依附在筋上的蟲也有四種：第一名賴多虜，第二名喜多婆，第三名婆羅婆多羅，第四名羅那婆羅那。
依附在脈上的蟲叫架栗俠那。依附在脈根的蟲也有兩種：第一名尸婆羅，第二名優婆尸尸羅。
骨髓臟腑諸虫
依附在骨中的蟲也有四種：第一名遏褫（除里反）毘馱，第二名安那毘馱，第三名殆（塗履反）履拕毘拕，第四名遏褫絙可羅。括號內的「除里反」「塗履反」是底本原有的反切註音。
依附在骨髓中的蟲也有兩種：第一名弭（亡比反）社，第二名弭社尸羅；「亡比反」也是底本原有的反切註音。
依附在脾上的蟲也有兩種：第一名尼羅，第二名比多。
依附在心上的蟲也有兩種：第一名死毘多，第二名優鉢拕毘多。依附在心根的蟲也有兩種：第一名滿可，第二名尸羅。
依附在肪上的蟲也有兩種：第一名哿羅，第二名哿羅尸羅。
依附在膀胱上的蟲也有兩種：第一名弭哿羅，第二名摩訶哿羅。依附在膀胱根的蟲也有兩種：第一名哿羅，第二名哿羅尸羅；這一對名稱與依肪所列的一對完全相同，原文沒有區分。
依附在胞上的蟲也有兩種：第一名娑婆羅，第二名摩訶沙婆羅。依附在胞根的蟲也有兩種：第一名賴多，第二名摩訶賴多。
依附在小腸的蟲也有兩種：第一名帚賴多，第二名摩訶賴多；「摩訶賴多」在上一項胞根的名單中也出現過。依附在腸根的蟲也有兩種：第一名波，第二名摩訶死波。依附在大腸根的蟲也有兩種：第一名安那婆呵，第二名𭘰果婆呵。
依附在胃中的蟲也有四種：第一名優受哿，第二名優社婆，第三名知社婆，第四名先市婆。
依附在熟藏的蟲也有四種：第一名婆呵那，第二名摩訶婆呵那，第三名陀那槃，第四名粉那母可。「熟藏」在本段沒有解釋。
諸液與強根諸虫
依附在膽上的蟲叫必多離訶，依附在唾液中的蟲叫纖呵，依附在汗液中的蟲叫髓陀離呵，依附在脂中的蟲叫弭陀離呵。
依附在「強」上的蟲也有兩種：第一名藪婆呵母，第二名社摩契多。原文下一項改寫「彊根」；依附在彊根的蟲有三種：第一名處呵母珂，第二名陀虜呵母珂，第三名娑那母珂。「強」與「彊根」的意思及兩字差別，本段沒有解釋。
四方與下二孔諸虫
原文先說「有五種虫」，接著只列四個方位：依在身前的吃身前，依在身後的吃身後，依在身左的吃身左，依在身右的吃身右。隨後列出五個名稱：栴陀、死羅、脣呵、死羅不、偷羅，末尾還有「等」字。標作五種、方位只有四個、名稱有五個且另有「等」，三者並不完全相合；這裡不自行補配。
依附在下二孔的蟲有三種：第一名拘樓拘羅唯喻，第二名遮羅喻，第三名寒頭波拕。
結
原文問的是如何以「虫種」當念身性，結句則說：這樣以「虫居止」當念身性。兩處用詞不同，本段沒有說明差別。
Eighty Thousand Households of Worms
Question: How should one recollect the nature of the body by kinds of worms?
Answer: The source first states generally that this body is “eaten by eighty thousand households of worms.” The names actually listed below fall far short of eighty thousand, and the text does not explain how the total and the list correspond.
Worms of the Head and Face
The worm associated with the hair of the head is named 髮鐵; the one associated with the skull, 耳腫; the one associated with the brain, 顛狂下. The source then says, “顛狂 further has four kinds”: the first is 塸拘霖婆, the second 濕婆羅, the third 陀羅呵, and the fourth 陀阿尸邏. The source gives no further explanation of the precise relation between these four and 顛狂下.
The worm associated with the eyes is named 舐眼; the one associated with the ears, 蚔耳.
The worm associated with the nose is named 蚔鼻. The source then lists three more kinds: the first 樓扣母可, the second 阿樓扣, and the third 摩那樓母可.
The worm associated with the tongue is named 勿伽, and the one associated with the root of the tongue, 母但多. The worm associated with the teeth is named 狗婆, and the one associated with the roots of the teeth, 優婆拘婆. The worm associated with the throat is named 阿婆離呵.
There are two kinds of worms associated with the neck: the first is named 虜呵羅; for the second, the base text directly reads “二毘虜呵羅,” omitting the character “named.” The wording is retained.
Worms of the Body’s Surface
The worm associated with body hair is named 蚔毛; the one associated with the nails, 蚔爪.
There are two kinds associated with the skin: the first 兜那, the second 兜難多.
There are likewise two associated with the membranes: the first 鞞藍婆, the second 摩諀藍婆.
There are likewise two associated with the flesh: the first 阿羅婆, the second 羅婆.
There are likewise two associated with the blood: the first 婆羅, the second 婆多羅.
There are likewise four associated with the sinews: the first 賴多虜, the second 喜多婆, the third 婆羅婆多羅, and the fourth 羅那婆羅那.
The worm associated with the vessels is named 架栗俠那. There are likewise two associated with the roots of the vessels: the first 尸婆羅, the second 優婆尸尸羅.
Worms of the Bones, Marrow, and Internal Organs
There are likewise four kinds associated with the bones: the first 遏褫（除里反）毘馱, the second 安那毘馱, the third 殆（塗履反）履拕毘拕, and the fourth 遏褫絙可羅. The parenthetical strings 除里反 and 塗履反 are the fanqie pronunciation notes found in the base text.
There are likewise two kinds associated with the marrow: the first 弭（亡比反）社, the second 弭社尸羅. The string 亡比反 is also a fanqie pronunciation note in the base text.
There are likewise two associated with the spleen: the first 尼羅, the second 比多.
There are likewise two associated with the heart: the first 死毘多, the second 優鉢拕毘多. There are also two associated with the root of the heart: the first 滿可, the second 尸羅.
There are likewise two associated with fat: the first 哿羅, the second 哿羅尸羅.
There are likewise two associated with the bladder: the first 弭哿羅, the second 摩訶哿羅. There are likewise two associated with the root of the bladder: the first 哿羅, the second 哿羅尸羅. This pair of names is identical to the pair listed for fat; the source does not distinguish them.
There are likewise two associated with the 胞: the first 娑婆羅, the second 摩訶沙婆羅. There are likewise two associated with the root of the 胞: the first 賴多, the second 摩訶賴多.
There are likewise two associated with the small intestine: the first 帚賴多, the second 摩訶賴多. The name 摩訶賴多 also appeared in the preceding list for the root of the 胞. There are likewise two associated with the root of the intestine: the first 波, the second 摩訶死波. There are likewise two associated with the root of the large intestine: the first 安那婆呵, the second 𭘰果婆呵.
There are likewise four associated with the stomach: the first 優受哿, the second 優社婆, the third 知社婆, and the fourth 先市婆.
There are likewise four associated with the “mature repository”: the first 婆呵那, the second 摩訶婆呵那, the third 陀那槃, and the fourth 粉那母可. The passage does not explain “mature repository.”
Worms of the Fluids, 強, and 彊根
The worm associated with bile is named 必多離訶; the one associated with spittle, 纖呵; the one associated with sweat, 髓陀離呵; the one associated with grease, 弭陀離呵.
There are likewise two associated with 強: the first 藪婆呵母, the second 社摩契多. In the next item the source instead writes 彊根. There are three kinds associated with 彊根: the first 處呵母珂, the second 陀虜呵母珂, and the third 娑那母珂. This passage does not explain the meaning of 強 or 彊根, or the difference between the two written forms.
Worms of the Four Directions and the Two Lower Apertures
The source first says, “There are five kinds of worms,” but then lists only four directions: those associated with the front of the body eat the front; those associated with the back eat the back; those associated with the left eat the left; those associated with the right eat the right. It then gives five names—栴陀, 死羅, 脣呵, 死羅不, and 偷羅—and follows them with “and so on.” Five kinds are announced, only four directions are given, and five names plus “and so on” follow. The three do not fully correspond, and no allocation is supplied here.
There are three kinds of worms associated with the two lower apertures: the first 拘樓拘羅唯喻, the second 遮羅喻, and the third 寒頭波拕.
Conclusion
The question asks how one should recollect the nature of the body through “kinds of worms,” but the concluding sentence says: thus one should recollect the nature of the body through “the worms’ dwelling.” The two expressions differ, and the passage does not explain their distinction.
Shi Huijing · Waken · The Path of Freedom · Kinds of Worms within the Body · Vernacular · Summer 2026
十三行之第七「以虫種」在此獨成一段。正文先總說「此身八萬戶虫之所食噉」〔T32 433b20–21〕，以下反覆用「依」字指出諸虫所依的身分，再逐一列名；近末另有一組明說依身前、後、左、右而各食其處。全段最後不再作別的說明，只以「如是以虫居止當念身性」〔T32 434a11〕收束。可以從現文確定的是諸虫的居止、所依與食噉；八萬之總數與下列名單如何相合，正文沒有會通。
總標一句的主客關係清楚：「此身」是被食噉者，「八萬戶虫」是食噉者。下文改用「依」字後，則由食噉總說轉為逐項指出蟲所依的身分；兩種句式各有自己的作用。
總標、所依與名列之式
「問：云何以虫種當念身性？答：此身八萬戶虫之所食噉」〔T32 433b20–21〕——「八萬戶虫」是總標，正文沒有列出八萬個名稱，也沒有交代總標與下列名數的換算。問句作「虫種」，結句則作「虫居止」〔T32 434a11〕；種與居止兩詞只依各自位置保存。名單從頭部起：「依髮之虫名髮鐵，依髑髏虫名耳腫，依腦之虫名顛狂下。顛狂復有四種：一名塸拘霖婆、二名濕婆羅、三名陀羅呵、四名陀阿尸邏」〔T32 433b21–24〕。髮、髑髏、腦是所依部位，髮鐵、耳腫、顛狂下是相應名稱；接著的四種以「顛狂復有四種」領起。這些名稱的語義及四種與顛狂下的精確層級，本段都沒有解釋。
其後最常見的句式是「依某之虫名某」；若一處列出多種，則改作「復有二種」「復有三種」或「復有四種」，再以第一名、第二名等逐項列出。正文共有二十六處這類分種之列，其中二種之列最多，四種之列次之。這是名單可以直接觀察到的組織方式；至於各音譯名指哪一種蟲，不能只靠本段判定。
頭面部分接著列：「依目之虫名舐眼，依耳之虫名蚔耳。依鼻之虫名蚔鼻，復有三種：一名樓扣母可、二名阿樓扣、三名摩那樓母可。依舌之虫名勿伽，依舌根虫名母但多，依齒之虫名狗婆，依齒根之虫名優婆拘婆，依喉之虫名阿婆離呵。依頸之虫有二種：一名虜呵羅、二毘虜呵羅」〔T32 433b24–433c01〕。這一段依序從目、耳、鼻列到舌、舌根、齒、齒根、喉與頸。舌與舌根、齒與齒根都各自成項；「根」字在後文還出現在脈根、心根、膀胱根、胞根、腸根與彊根。依頸的第二項底本只寫「二毘虜呵羅」，少了全段通常使用的「名」字，不能在正文中默補。
再下來列毛、爪、皮、膜、肉、血、筋、脈與脈根：「依毛之虫名蚔毛，依爪之虫名蚔爪。依皮之虫有二種：一名兜那、二名兜難多。依膜之虫復有二種：一名鞞藍婆、二名摩諀藍婆。依肉之虫復有二種：一名阿羅婆、二名羅婆。依血之虫復有二種：一名婆羅、二名婆多羅。依筋之虫復有四種：一名賴多虜、二名喜多婆、三名婆羅婆多羅、四名羅那婆羅那。依脈之虫名架栗俠那。依脈根之虫復有二種：一名尸婆羅、二名優婆尸尸羅」〔T32 433c01–10〕。皮、膜、肉、血各列二種，筋列四種，脈列一名，脈根又列二種；各數只屬於緊接的部位，不能跨項挪配。
骨與髓之列是：「依骨之虫復有四種：一名遏褫（除里反）毘馱、二名安那毘馱、三名殆（塗履反）履拕毘拕、四名遏褫絙可羅」〔T32 433c10–12〕，以及「依髓之虫復有二種：一名弭（亡比反）社、二名弭社尸羅」〔T32 433c12–13〕。這裡有全段三處反切夾註：除里反、塗履反、亡比反。反切能保存底本所注讀音，卻不能據此替名稱補出未見於本段的義解。其後脾、心、心根與肪都各列二種：尼羅與比多，死毘多與優鉢拕毘多，滿可與尸羅，哿羅與哿羅尸羅〔T32 433c14–18〕。
膀胱以下依次是：「依膀胱之虫復有二種：一名弭哿羅、二名摩訶哿羅。依膀胱根復有二種：一名哿羅、二名哿羅尸羅。依胞之虫復有二種：一名娑婆羅、二名摩訶沙婆羅。依胞根之虫復有二種：一名賴多、二名摩訶賴多。依小腸之虫復有二種：一名帚賴多、二名摩訶賴多。依腸根之虫復有二種：一名波、二名摩訶死波。依大腸根虫復有二種：一名安那婆呵、二名𭘰果婆呵」〔T32 433c18–26〕。其中哿羅、哿羅尸羅一對也出現在依肪之列；摩訶賴多先見於胞根，又見於小腸。正文沒有說同名是否同種，故兩處都應保留。
胃與熟藏各列四種：胃所依者為優受哿、優社婆、知社婆、先市婆；熟藏所依者為婆呵那、摩訶婆呵那、陀那槃、粉那母可〔T32 433c26–434a01〕。「熟藏」及它與胃的差別，本段沒有解說。接著依膽、唾、汗、脂各列一名，依強列藪婆呵母、社摩契多二名，依彊根列處呵母珂、陀虜呵母珂、娑那母珂三名〔T32 434a01–06〕。現文一處作「強」、下一處作「彊根」，二字與有無「根」都保留。最後依下二孔列拘樓拘羅唯喻、遮羅喻、寒頭波拕三名〔T32 434a09–11〕。
整列所依部位依現文次序為：髮、髑髏、腦、目、耳、鼻、舌、舌根、齒、齒根、喉、頸、毛、爪、皮、膜、肉、血、筋、脈、脈根、骨、髓、脾、心、心根、肪、膀胱、膀胱根、胞、胞根、小腸、腸根、大腸根、胃、熟藏、膽、唾、汗、脂、強、彊根、身前後左右與下二孔。這只是本段的排列次序；正文沒有把它命名為某種解剖次第。髮鐵、耳腫、顛狂下、舐眼、蚔耳、蚔鼻、蚔毛、蚔爪等名稱部分可按字面讀，其餘多為音譯；不論字面是否可辨，本段都沒有逐名下定義。
四方一段說：「有五種虫，依於身前食於身前、依於身後食於身後、依於身左食於身左、依於身右食於身右，虫名栴陀、死羅、脣呵、死羅不、偷羅等」〔T32 434a06–09〕。這裡總標五種，方位卻只列前、後、左、右四處；名稱列出栴陀、死羅、脣呵、死羅不、偷羅五個，末尾還有「等」字。總標、方位數與名列形式不能完全配合，現文也沒有把五名逐一分派給四方。可確定的食噉關係只有四句：依身前者食身前，依身後者食身後，依身左者食身左，依身右者食身右。
除這一處數目不合外，名列還保留幾種不能抹平的現象：依頸第二項少「名」字；哿羅、哿羅尸羅整對重出；摩訶賴多重出；強與彊兩形並用；問句的虫種與收句的虫居止不同。音譯名又有多條校異，三處反切的用字也有異讀。這些都屬現文與傳本所留的差異，不足以替任何蟲名補義。
若按每一部位所列的名數分讀，四種之列有五處：顛狂、筋、骨、胃、熟藏；三種之列見於鼻後所列、彊根與下二孔。二種之列較多，依次包括頸、皮、膜、肉、血、脈根、髓、脾、心、心根、肪、膀胱、膀胱根、胞、胞根、小腸、腸根、大腸根與強。另有只列一名的部位，如髮、髑髏、腦、目、耳、鼻、舌、舌根、齒、齒根、喉、毛、爪、脈、膽、唾、汗、脂。這些分類只是把現文明列的名數重新排清，不把一名、二名、三名或四名解作等級。
語法上也須分清兩層。全段開頭以「八萬戶虫之所食噉」總括，絕大多數細目則只說蟲依於哪個身分、叫什麼名字；只有四方一組明寫「依於身前食於身前」等四句。因此「所依」在細目中逐項可見，「食於」則在四方段逐方明說。其後的下二孔三種又回到「依下二孔有三種虫」的列名方式，不再另寫食噉動作。這種文字差別應保留，不能把四方一項的句法改寫成每一細目各自未見的敘述。
停問一處：虫居止與身性
全段在長列之後只用一句收尾：「如是以虫居止當念身性」〔T32 434a11〕。問句的「虫種」到此改成「虫居止」，正文卻沒有解釋兩詞的關係，也沒有另說由諸虫名單到「當念身性」之間要經過哪些步驟。因此義疏只能守住現文已給出的順序：先總說此身為八萬戶虫所食噉，再逐處列所依與名稱，近末明說四方各食其處，最後以虫居止收束。名單是否尚有未列部分、八萬之數如何成立、諸音譯名各指何物，都仍未決。
收束
本段明說的主線是身中諸虫的所依與食噉：總標「八萬戶虫」，逐項以「依」列部位與名稱，四方一項另以「食」列其作用，末以「虫居止」收束。讀這一段時，應同時保留完整名列及其不整齊處：八萬總標與實列不相合，五種虫與四方不相合，若干名稱重出，強／彊與虫種／虫居止用字不一。音譯名沒有釋義的地方，仍只保存其字形、所依與列次。
The seventh of the thirteen modes, “by kinds of worms,” occupies a single paragraph here. The text first states generally that “this body is eaten by eighty thousand households of worms” 〔T32 433b20–21〕. It then repeatedly uses the word “associated with” to identify the body part on which each worm depends, followed by the worm’s name. Near the end, another group expressly says that worms associated with the front, back, left, and right of the body each eat that place. The paragraph gives no further explanation at its end, but closes only with “Thus one should recollect the nature of the body through the worms’ dwelling” 〔T32 434a11〕. What the received text establishes is the worms’ dwelling, dependencies, and eating. It does not reconcile the general total of eighty thousand with the names that follow.
The subject and object of the general statement are clear: “this body” is what is eaten, and the “eighty thousand households of worms” are what eat it. When the text turns to “associated with” below, it moves from the general statement about eating to an item-by-item identification of the body part on which a worm depends. The two constructions have distinct functions.
General Statement, Dependencies, and the Form of the List
“Question: How should one recollect the nature of the body by kinds of worms? Answer: This body is eaten by eighty thousand households of worms” 〔T32 433b20–21〕. “Eighty thousand households of worms” is the general total. The text neither lists eighty thousand names nor explains how that total is converted into the number of names below. The question has “kinds of worms,” while the conclusion has “the worms’ dwelling” 〔T32 434a11〕. The terms “kinds” and “dwelling” are preserved only where each occurs. The list begins at the head: “The worm associated with the hair of the head is named 髮鐵; that associated with the skull is named 耳腫; that associated with the brain is named 顛狂下. 顛狂 further has four kinds: the first 塸拘霖婆, the second 濕婆羅, the third 陀羅呵, and the fourth 陀阿尸邏” 〔T32 433b21–24〕. Hair, skull, and brain are the dependent places, while 髮鐵, 耳腫, and 顛狂下 are the corresponding names. The four kinds are introduced by “顛狂 further has four kinds.” This passage explains neither the meanings of the names nor the precise level at which the four stand in relation to 顛狂下.
The most common construction thereafter is “the worm associated with X is named Y.” Where several kinds are listed at one place, the construction becomes “there are further two,” “further three,” or “further four kinds,” after which first, second, and subsequent names are given. The text has twenty-six such subdivisions. Lists of two are the most numerous, followed by lists of four. This organization is directly observable in the names. The particular worms denoted by the phonetic forms cannot be determined from this passage alone.
The head and face continue: “The worm associated with the eyes is named 舐眼; that associated with the ears, 蚔耳. The worm associated with the nose is named 蚔鼻, and there are further three kinds: the first 樓扣母可, the second 阿樓扣, the third 摩那樓母可. The worm associated with the tongue is named 勿伽; that associated with the root of the tongue, 母但多; that associated with the teeth, 狗婆; that associated with the roots of the teeth, 優婆拘婆; that associated with the throat, 阿婆離呵. There are two kinds associated with the neck: the first is named 虜呵羅, 二毘虜呵羅” 〔T32 433b24–433c01〕. This proceeds in order from eyes, ears, and nose to tongue, root of the tongue, teeth, roots of the teeth, throat, and neck. Tongue and root of the tongue, like teeth and roots of the teeth, are separate entries. The word “root” occurs later with roots of the vessels, heart, bladder, 胞, intestine, and 彊. For the second neck item the base text writes only 二毘虜呵羅, omitting the character “named” used throughout the paragraph. It cannot be silently supplied in the reader text.
The list then gives body hair, nails, skin, membranes, flesh, blood, sinews, vessels, and roots of the vessels: “The worm associated with body hair is named 蚔毛; that associated with the nails, 蚔爪. There are two associated with the skin: the first 兜那, the second 兜難多. There are further two associated with the membranes: the first 鞞藍婆, the second 摩諀藍婆. There are further two associated with the flesh: the first 阿羅婆, the second 羅婆. There are further two associated with the blood: the first 婆羅, the second 婆多羅. There are further four associated with the sinews: the first 賴多虜, the second 喜多婆, the third 婆羅婆多羅, the fourth 羅那婆羅那. The worm associated with the vessels is named 架栗俠那. There are further two associated with the roots of the vessels: the first 尸婆羅, the second 優婆尸尸羅” 〔T32 433c01–10〕. Skin, membranes, flesh, and blood each have two kinds; sinews have four; vessels have one name; roots of the vessels again have two. Each number belongs only to the immediately adjoining body part and cannot be reassigned across entries.
The bone and marrow lists read: “There are further four kinds associated with the bones: the first 遏褫（除里反）毘馱, the second 安那毘馱, the third 殆（塗履反）履拕毘拕, the fourth 遏褫絙可羅” 〔T32 433c10–12〕; and “There are further two associated with the marrow: the first 弭（亡比反）社, the second 弭社尸羅” 〔T32 433c12–13〕. These contain all three inline fanqie notes in the paragraph: 除里反, 塗履反, and 亡比反. Fanqie preserves the pronunciations annotated in the base text, but does not license adding meanings for the names that this passage never gives. The spleen, heart, root of the heart, and fat then each have two: 尼羅 and 比多; 死毘多 and 優鉢拕毘多; 滿可 and 尸羅; 哿羅 and 哿羅尸羅 〔T32 433c14–18〕.
From the bladder onward: “There are further two associated with the bladder: the first 弭哿羅, the second 摩訶哿羅. There are further two associated with the root of the bladder: the first 哿羅, the second 哿羅尸羅. There are further two associated with the 胞: the first 娑婆羅, the second 摩訶沙婆羅. There are further two associated with the root of the 胞: the first 賴多, the second 摩訶賴多. There are further two associated with the small intestine: the first 帚賴多, the second 摩訶賴多. There are further two associated with the root of the intestine: the first 波, the second 摩訶死波. There are further two associated with the root of the large intestine: the first 安那婆呵, the second 𭘰果婆呵” 〔T32 433c18–26〕. The pair 哿羅 and 哿羅尸羅 also appeared under fat. 摩訶賴多 appears first under the root of the 胞 and then under the small intestine. The text does not say whether identical names designate identical kinds. Both occurrences must be retained.
The stomach and the mature repository each have four. The stomach’s names are 優受哿, 優社婆, 知社婆, and 先市婆; the mature repository’s are 婆呵那, 摩訶婆呵那, 陀那槃, and 粉那母可 〔T32 433c26–434a01〕. This passage does not explain the “mature repository” or its difference from the stomach. Next, bile, spittle, sweat, and grease each receive one name. Under 強 are the two names 藪婆呵母 and 社摩契多; under 彊根 are the three 處呵母珂, 陀虜呵母珂, and 娑那母珂 〔T32 434a01–06〕. The received text first uses 強 and then 彊根. Both the difference of written form and the presence or absence of “root” are preserved. Finally, the two lower apertures have the three names 拘樓拘羅唯喻, 遮羅喻, and 寒頭波拕 〔T32 434a09–11〕.
The dependent parts, in the order of the received text, are: hair of the head, skull, brain, eyes, ears, nose, tongue, root of the tongue, teeth, roots of the teeth, throat, neck, body hair, nails, skin, membranes, flesh, blood, sinews, vessels, roots of the vessels, bones, marrow, spleen, heart, root of the heart, fat, bladder, root of the bladder, 胞, root of the 胞, small intestine, root of the intestine, root of the large intestine, stomach, mature repository, bile, spittle, sweat, grease, 強, 彊根, the front, back, left, and right of the body, and the two lower apertures. This is simply the passage’s order. The text does not name it as an anatomical sequence. Names such as 髮鐵, 耳腫, 顛狂下, 舐眼, 蚔耳, 蚔鼻, 蚔毛, and 蚔爪 can partly be read by their Chinese characters; most of the others are phonetic forms. Whether or not their characters appear intelligible, this passage defines none of them individually.
The four-direction section says: “There are five kinds of worms. Those associated with the front of the body eat the front; those associated with the back eat the back; those associated with the left eat the left; those associated with the right eat the right. The worms are named 栴陀, 死羅, 脣呵, 死羅不, 偷羅, and so on” 〔T32 434a06–09〕. Five are announced, but only four locations—front, back, left, and right—are given. Five names occur, followed by “and so on.” The stated total, number of directions, and form of the list cannot be made fully to match, and the received text does not allocate the five names one by one to the four directions. Only four eating relations are certain: those at the front eat the front, those at the back eat the back, those at the left eat the left, and those at the right eat the right.
Besides this numerical mismatch, the list preserves several other irregularities that cannot be flattened: the second neck item omits “named”; the complete pair 哿羅 and 哿羅尸羅 recurs; 摩訶賴多 recurs; the forms 強 and 彊 both occur; and “kinds of worms” in the question differs from “the worms’ dwelling” in the conclusion. The phonetic names also have many variant readings, and the characters in the three fanqie notes themselves have variants. These are differences preserved by the received text and its witnesses, not grounds for supplying meanings to any worm name.
Read by the number of names assigned to each location, there are five lists of four: 顛狂, sinews, bones, stomach, and mature repository. Lists of three follow the nose, and occur at 彊根 and the two lower apertures. Lists of two are more numerous: neck, skin, membranes, flesh, blood, roots of the vessels, marrow, spleen, heart, root of the heart, fat, bladder, root of the bladder, 胞, root of the 胞, small intestine, root of the intestine, root of the large intestine, and 強. Places given only one name include hair of the head, skull, brain, eyes, ears, nose, tongue, root of the tongue, teeth, roots of the teeth, throat, body hair, nails, vessels, bile, spittle, sweat, and grease. This classification merely rearranges the explicit counts of the received text; it does not interpret one, two, three, or four names as levels.
Two grammatical levels must also be distinguished. The opening generalization says that the body “is eaten by eighty thousand households of worms.” Most detailed entries only state the body part with which a worm is associated and its name. Only the group of four directions expressly writes that those associated with each direction “eat” that direction. Thus “associated with” is visible item by item throughout the detailed list, whereas “eat” is written direction by direction only in that four-direction section. The three kinds at the two lower apertures then return to the naming construction, “there are three kinds of worms associated with the two lower apertures,” without separately stating an act of eating. This textual difference must be preserved; the grammar of the four-direction item cannot be rewritten into each detailed entry where it does not appear.
One Question Left Open: The Worms’ Dwelling and the Nature of the Body
After the long list, the paragraph closes with only one sentence: “Thus one should recollect the nature of the body through the worms’ dwelling” 〔T32 434a11〕. “Kinds of worms” in the question becomes “the worms’ dwelling” here, but the received text explains neither the relation between the two terms nor the steps between the list of worm names and “should recollect the nature of the body.” The exposition can therefore preserve only the sequence actually supplied: first, the body is generally said to be eaten by eighty thousand households of worms; next, dependent places and names are listed one by one; near the end, the four directions are expressly said to be eaten in their respective places; finally, the worms’ dwelling supplies the conclusion. Whether the list omits further names, how the number eighty thousand is established, and what each phonetic name denotes all remain unresolved.
Conclusion
The passage’s explicit thread is the dependent places and eating of the worms within the body: the general total “eighty thousand households of worms,” the body parts and names listed under “associated with,” the four-direction item stated through “eat,” and finally “the worms’ dwelling.” Reading the passage requires retaining both the complete list and its irregularities: the total eighty thousand does not match the names actually listed; five worms do not match four directions; several names recur; 強 and 彊, and “kinds of worms” and “the worms’ dwelling,” use different wording. Where the phonetic names have no explanation, only their written form, dependent place, and order in the list are preserved.
Shi Huijing · Waken · The Path of Freedom · Kinds of Worms within the Body · Exposition · Summer 2026
考據Apparatus
全段定位 本段出自《解脫道論》卷第七〈行門品〉之四，接前段所釋十三行之前五〔T32 433a13–433b20〕而下，獨釋其第七「以虫種」一行。底本作單一段〔T32 433b20–434a11〕，946 字，通篇為身中諸虫之名列——本論音譯名最密之段，校記亦最多（三十一條），其中反切夾註三處。
一、科判定位
本段一問一答，答文即一長列。段內之節逐字可核（節非底本之段，僅為讀之便，底本不分）：
| 節 | 經文起訖逐字（各繫其錨） |
|---|---|
| 八萬戶虫 | 「問：云何以虫種當念身性？」〔T32 433b20〕…「此身八萬戶虫之所食噉」〔T32 433b20–21〕 |
| 頭面諸虫 | 「依髮之虫名髮鐵」〔T32 433b21〕…「二毘虜呵羅」〔T32 433c01〕 |
| 身表諸虫 | 「依毛之虫名蚔毛」〔T32 433c01–02〕…「二名優婆尸尸羅」〔T32 433c10〕 |
| 骨髓臟腑諸虫 | 「依骨之虫復有四種」〔T32 433c10〕…「四名粉那母可」〔T32 433c29–434a01〕 |
| 諸液與強根諸虫 | 「依膽之虫名必多離訶」〔T32 434a01〕…「三名娑那母珂」〔T32 434a06〕 |
| 四方與下二孔諸虫 | 「有五種虫」〔T32 434a06〕…「三名寒頭波拕」〔T32 434a10–11〕 |
| 結 | 「如是以虫居止當念身性」〔T32 434a11〕 |
單元界與底本段界相合：起於 433b20 段首之問、止於 434a11 段末之收，全段一段不切。
全段定位錨
〔T32, 433b20–434a11〕
二、詞義與譯語（逐字各繫其錨）
| 名相 | 本段用法 | 章內接點（可核） |
|---|---|---|
| 八萬戶虫 | 「此身八萬戶虫之所食噉」〔T32 433b20–21〕 | 總標八萬，而下所列諸虫之名數遠不及之；論文不會通其數，照錄不代配數 |
| 虫名之譯 | 通篇諸名皆音譯（如髮鐵·耳腫·顛狂下·塸拘霖婆等） | 除「髮鐵」「耳腫」「顛狂下」「舐眼」「蚔耳」「蚔鼻」「蚔毛」「蚔爪」數名近義譯外，餘皆純音譯；諸名論文一無所釋，且絕大多數全論唯此一見，照錄不代考定 |
| 收語之異 | 問作「以虫種當念身性」〔T32 433b20〕、收作「以虫居止當念身性」〔T32 434a11〕 | 問作「虫種」而收作「虫居止」；十三行之標亦作「以虫種」〔T32 433a12〕。照錄不代畫一 |
| 依頸之虫二種 | 「一名虜呵羅、二毘虜呵羅」〔T32 433b29–433c01〕 | 第二目作「二毘虜呵羅」而不綴「名」字——全段諸列皆作「某名某」之式而唯此一目缺「名」字；「二」字有校記（見目三），四本正作「二名」。照錄不代補 |
| 反切三處 | 「遏褫（除里反）毘馱」〔T32 433c11〕、「殆（塗履反）履拕毘拕」〔T32 433c11–12〕、「弭（亡比反）社」〔T32 433c13〕 | 底本行內夾註之反切，為音譯名注其讀；「除」「反」「亡」三字各有校記（見目三）。照錄不代改其切語 |
| 哿羅·哿羅尸羅之重出 | 依肪之虫〔T32 433c17〕與依膀胱根〔T32 433c19〕皆作「一名哿羅、二名哿羅尸羅」 | 二處名目全同；論文不言其別，照錄不代分、不代刪 |
| 摩訶賴多之重出 | 依胞根之虫〔T32 433c21–22〕與依小腸之虫〔T32 433c22–23〕皆有「摩訶賴多」 | 二處同名而所依異，照錄不判 |
| 五種虫與四方 | 「有五種虫，依於身前食於身前…依於身右食於身右，虫名栴陀、死羅、脣呵、死羅不、偷羅等」〔T32 434a06·434a08–09〕 | 標「五種」而方位唯列四（前·後·左·右），其名則列五而末綴「等」——標數、方位、名數三者不相當；照錄不補不刪、不代配數 |
| 強·彊 | 「依強之虫」〔T32 434a03〕、「依彊根虫」〔T32 434a04〕 | 同一事而二字並用（強／彊）；照錄不代畫一 |
三、校記與異讀
本段範圍內大正藏校記三十一處——為全批之最，均誌而不改；本文之讀一律依大正本。諸條多為音譯名之用字之異，其所指之虫論文一無所釋，故並錄不判、不代考定：
| 錨 | 底本（文脈） | 異讀 |
|---|---|---|
| 433b22 | 腫（…髑髏虫名耳〔腫〕，依腦之虫…） | 種【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433b24 | 阿＊（…呵、四名陀〔阿〕尸邏。依目…） | 呵【宋】【元】【明】【宮】＊ |
| 433b25 | 蚔＊（…依耳之虫名〔蚔〕耳。依鼻之…） | 舐【宋】【元】【明】【宮】＊ |
| 433b26 | 可（…一名樓扣母〔可〕、二名阿樓…） | 呵【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433b28 | 婆＊（…齒之虫名狗〔婆〕，依齒根之…） | 娑【宮】＊ |
| 433b29 | 頸（…婆離呵。依〔頸〕之虫有二種…） | 頭【宮】 |
| 433c01 | 二（…名虜呵羅、〔二〕毘虜呵羅。…） | 二名【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c03 | 種（…之虫復有二〔種〕：一名鞞藍…） | 名【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c04 | 摩（…藍婆、二名〔摩〕諀藍婆。依…） | 摩訶【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c04 | 諀（…婆、二名摩〔諀〕藍婆。依肉…） | 鞞【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c05 | 羅（…羅婆、二名〔羅〕婆。依血之…） | 羅娑【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c07 | 婆（…、二名喜多〔婆〕、三名婆羅…） | 娑【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c09 | 架（…依脈之虫名〔架〕栗俠那。依…） | 哿【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c10 | 尸（…二名優婆尸〔尸〕羅。依骨之…） | 婆【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c11 | 除（…：一名遏褫〔除〕里反毘馱、…） | 湯【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c11 | 反＊（…褫除里〔反〕毘馱、二名…） | 切【明】＊ |
| 433c13 | 亡（…種：一名弭〔亡〕比反社、二…） | 忙【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c15 | 拕（…、二名優鉢〔拕〕毘多。依心…） | 拕死【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c21 | 娑（…二種：一名〔娑〕婆羅、二名…） | 沙【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c23 | 訶（…多、二名摩〔訶〕賴多。依腸…） | 何【宋】【元】 |
| 433c26 | （…婆呵、二名〔〕果婆呵。依…） | 博【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c29 | 槃（…、三名陀那〔槃〕、四名粉那…） | 盤【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 434a02 | 髓（…依汗之虫名〔髓〕陀離呵，依…） | 隨 |
| 434a05 | 陀（…母珂、二名〔陀〕虜呵母珂、…） | 阿【明】【宮】 |
| 434a05 | 虜（…珂、二名陀〔虜〕呵母珂、三…） | 處【宋】【元】【宮】 |
| 434a06 | 娑（…母珂、三名〔娑〕那母珂。有…） | 婆【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 434a09 | 偷（…、死羅不、〔偷〕羅等。依下…） | 修【明】 |
| 434a10 | 拘（…種虫：一名〔拘〕樓…） | 狗《別藏》《別藏》《別藏》【宮-】【思溪乙-】【普寧-】 |
| 434a10 | 樓（…虫：一名拘〔樓〕拘羅唯喻、…） | 摟【麗-】 |
| 434a10 | 拘（…拘樓〔拘〕羅唯喻、二…） | 狗《別藏》《別藏》《別藏》【宮-】【思溪乙-】【普寧-】 |
| 434a11 | 拕（…三名寒頭波〔拕〕。如是以虫…） | 陀【宋】【元】【明】，地【宮】 |
誌錄不判三事：
- 音譯名之異讀凡二十餘條（如 433b24 阿／呵、433c04 摩／摩訶、433c09 架／哿、433c19 弭／彌等），皆為譯音用字之別；諸名論文一無所釋，其所指亦不可由本論自證。並錄不判，本文一律從底本，不代考定、不代畫一。
- 433c01「二毘虜呵羅」之「二」，四本作「二名」——全段諸列皆作「某名某」之式而唯此一目缺「名」字；並錄不判，本文從底本、不代補。
- 433c11·433c13 反切之「除」「亡」二字，四本各作「湯」「忙」；反切之字既異則所切之音隨之而異。並錄不判，本文從底本。
缺字一處：〔T32 433c25〕「𭘰」（藏本組字作［巾＊尃］），依大腸根之虫名「𭘰果婆呵」之首字，照錄其字。夾註三處：「（除里反）」〔T32 433c11〕、「（塗履反）」〔T32 433c12〕、「（亡比反）」〔T32 433c13〕，皆底本行內夾註之反切，照錄。
四、論主引據
本段無標為佛語或他說之引據，查無所獲。
五、譬喻·修辭
- 一問一列〔T32 433b20–434a11〕：本段無喻無論，唯以一長列成其文——九百餘字而無一斷語；與前後諸段之有問有辨者異，其力全在列之長。
- 由外而內、由上而下〔T32 433b21–434a11〕：髮·髑髏·腦→目·耳·鼻·舌·齒·喉→頸→毛·爪·皮·膜·肉·血·筋·脈→骨·髓·脾·心·肪·膀胱·胞·腸·胃·熟藏→膽·唾·汗·脂→強根→四方→下二孔；次第與 08-51 三十二行之列同其身分之序。
- 子目領語之疊〔T32 433b23–434a06〕：二十六處以同式領其子目，其中二種者最多、四種者次之、三種者二處——同式反覆而不加變化，音譯名之密與句式之單相濟。
- 末以居止收〔T32 434a11〕：通篇言虫之所依與所食，收語即以「虫居止」為言，不更立論。
六、章內互讀
- 前指：念身總說與十三行之目 08-51〔T32 432c15–433a13〕（「以虫種」之標在〔T32 433a12〕）；身之生起與次第 08-52〔T32 433a13–433b20〕；三十二行之身分序〔T32 432c23–25〕。
- 後指：身體安聚與諸過患自〔T32 434a11〕起（08-54）——十三行之第八以下在彼。
七、傳本
作者、譯者與傳本諸問題，本編不於考據內立說。
Passage location This passage comes from fascicle seven of the Path of Freedom, “Chapter on Practice,” part four. Following the first five of the thirteen modes explained in the preceding passage 〔T32 433a13–433b20〕, it alone explains the seventh, “by kinds of worms.” The base text is one paragraph of 946 Chinese characters 〔T32 433b20–434a11〕, consisting throughout of names of worms within the body. It is the treatise’s densest passage of phonetic names and has its largest number of collation notes, thirty-one, including three inline fanqie notes.
I. Structural Division
The paragraph contains one question and one answer, and the answer is a single long list. The divisions below are only reading aids, not paragraphs of the base text:
| Section | Exact opening and closing wording, each with its anchor |
|---|---|
| Eighty thousand households of worms | “Question: How should one recollect the nature of the body by kinds of worms?” 〔T32 433b20〕 … “this body is eaten by eighty thousand households of worms” 〔T32 433b20–21〕 |
| Worms of the head and face | “The worm associated with the hair of the head is named 髮鐵” 〔T32 433b21〕 … “二毘虜呵羅” 〔T32 433c01〕 |
| Worms of the body’s surface | “The worm associated with body hair is named 蚔毛” 〔T32 433c01–02〕 … “the second is named 優婆尸尸羅” 〔T32 433c10〕 |
| Worms of bones, marrow, and internal organs | “There are further four kinds associated with the bones” 〔T32 433c10〕 … “the fourth is named 粉那母可” 〔T32 433c29–434a01〕 |
| Worms of the fluids, 強, and 彊根 | “The worm associated with bile is named 必多離訶” 〔T32 434a01〕 … “the third is named 娑那母珂” 〔T32 434a06〕 |
| Worms of the four directions and two lower apertures | “There are five kinds of worms” 〔T32 434a06〕 … “the third is named 寒頭波拕” 〔T32 434a10–11〕 |
| Conclusion | “Thus one should recollect the nature of the body through the worms’ dwelling” 〔T32 434a11〕 |
The unit boundary matches the paragraph boundary: it begins with the question at the paragraph opening, 433b20, and ends with the conclusion at 434a11. The base text is not divided within this unit.
Whole-passage anchor
〔T32, 433b20–434a11〕
II. Terms and Translation
| Term | Use in this passage | Verifiable connection within the chapter |
|---|---|---|
| Eighty thousand households of worms | “This body is eaten by eighty thousand households of worms” 〔T32 433b20–21〕 | The general total is eighty thousand, while the names listed below fall far short of it. The treatise does not reconcile the numbers, and no allocation is supplied |
| Translation of the worm names | The names throughout the paragraph are phonetic forms, such as 髮鐵, 耳腫, 顛狂下, and 塸拘霖婆 | Apart from a few names whose Chinese characters are partly intelligible—髮鐵, 耳腫, 顛狂下, 舐眼, 蚔耳, 蚔鼻, 蚔毛, and 蚔爪—the remainder are purely phonetic forms. The treatise explains none of them, and almost all occur only here. No determination is supplied |
| Differing conclusion formula | The question reads “by kinds of worms one should recollect the nature of the body” 〔T32 433b20〕, while the conclusion reads “through the worms’ dwelling one should recollect the nature of the body” 〔T32 434a11〕 | The question says “kinds of worms,” while the conclusion says “the worms’ dwelling.” The announcement of the thirteen modes likewise has “by kinds of worms” 〔T32 433a12〕. The wording is retained without harmonization |
| Two kinds associated with the neck | “The first is named 虜呵羅, 二毘虜呵羅” 〔T32 433b29–433c01〕 | The second item is 二毘虜呵羅 without the character 名, “named.” Every other numbered list in the paragraph uses the formula “number–named–name,” and only this item lacks 名. 二 has a variant; see section III. Four witnesses read 二名. Nothing is supplied |
| Three fanqie notes | “遏褫（除里反）毘馱” 〔T32 433c11〕, “殆（塗履反）履拕毘拕” 〔T32 433c11–12〕, and “弭（亡比反）社” 〔T32 433c13〕 | These are inline fanqie notes of the base text, annotating the pronunciations of phonetic names. 除, 反, and 亡 have variants; see section III. The fanqie wording is retained without alteration |
| Repetition of 哿羅 and 哿羅尸羅 | The worms associated with fat 〔T32 433c17〕 and those associated with the root of the bladder 〔T32 433c19〕 both read “the first 哿羅, the second 哿羅尸羅” | The pair is completely identical in both places. The treatise states no difference; nothing is divided or deleted |
| Repetition of 摩訶賴多 | The name appears under the root of the 胞 〔T32 433c21–22〕 and under the small intestine 〔T32 433c22–23〕 | The same name has different dependent places. Both are retained without decision |
| Five kinds of worms and four directions | “There are five kinds of worms: those associated with the front of the body eat the front … those associated with the right eat the right. The worms are named 栴陀, 死羅, 脣呵, 死羅不, 偷羅, and so on” 〔T32 434a06〕〔T32 434a08–09〕 | Five are announced, only four directions are listed—front, back, left, right—and five names occur, followed by “and so on.” The stated total, directions, and number of names do not correspond. Nothing is added, removed, or allocated |
| 強 and 彊 | “Worms associated with 強” 〔T32 434a03〕; “worms associated with 彊根” 〔T32 434a04〕 | Two written forms, 強 and 彊, occur for the same matter, with “root” added in the second. They are retained without harmonization |
III. Collation and Variant Readings
The passage contains thirty-one Taishō collation notes, the largest number in this batch. All are recorded without emending the text; the main text follows the Taishō base throughout. Most are differences in the characters used for phonetic names. The treatise explains none of their referents, so all are recorded without adjudication or attempted identification:
| Anchor | Base text and context | Variant |
|---|---|---|
| 433b22 | 腫 in 耳腫 | 種 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433b24 | 阿, ＊, in 陀阿尸邏 | 呵 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】, ＊ |
| 433b25 | 蚔, ＊, in 蚔耳 | 舐 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】, ＊ |
| 433b26 | 可 in 樓扣母可 | 呵 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433b28 | 婆, ＊, in 狗婆 | 娑 【宮】, ＊ |
| 433b29 | 頸 in “worms associated with the neck” | 頭 【宮】 |
| 433c01 | 二 in 二毘虜呵羅 | 二名 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c03 | 種 in “there are further two kinds” | 名 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c04 | 摩 in 摩諀藍婆 | 摩訶 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c04 | 諀 in 摩諀藍婆 | 鞞 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c05 | 羅 in 羅婆 | 羅娑 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c07 | 婆 in 喜多婆 | 娑 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c09 | 架 in 架栗俠那 | 哿 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c10 | 尸 in 優婆尸尸羅 | 婆 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c11 | 除 in the fanqie 除里反 | 湯 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c11 | 反, ＊, in the fanqie 除里反 | 切 【明】, ＊ |
| 433c13 | 亡 in the fanqie 亡比反 | 忙 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c15 | 拕 in 優鉢拕毘多 | 拕死 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c21 | 娑 in 娑婆羅 | 沙 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c23 | 訶 in 摩訶賴多 | 何 【宋】【元】 |
| 433c26 | 𭘰 in 𭘰果婆呵 | 博 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 433c29 | 槃 in 陀那槃 | 盤 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 434a02 | 髓 in 髓陀離呵 | 隨 |
| 434a05 | 陀 in 陀虜呵母珂 | 阿 【明】【宮】 |
| 434a05 | 虜 in 陀虜呵母珂 | 處 【宋】【元】【宮】 |
| 434a06 | 娑 in 娑那母珂 | 婆 【宋】【元】【明】【宮】 |
| 434a09 | 偷 in 偷羅 | 修 【明】 |
| 434a10 | first 拘 in 拘樓拘羅唯喻 | 狗 《別藏》《別藏》《別藏》【宮-】【思溪乙-】【普寧-】 |
| 434a10 | 樓 in 拘樓拘羅唯喻 | 摟 【麗-】 |
| 434a10 | second 拘 in 拘樓拘羅唯喻 | 狗 《別藏》《別藏》《別藏》【宮-】【思溪乙-】【普寧-】 |
| 434a11 | 拕 in 寒頭波拕 | 陀 【宋】【元】【明】; 地 【宮】 |
Three matters are recorded without adjudication:
- More than twenty of the variant readings concern characters used in phonetic names, such as 阿/呵 at 433b24, 摩/摩訶 at 433c04, 架/哿 at 433c09, and 弭/彌 at 433c19. The treatise explains none of the names, and their referents cannot be verified from it. The main text follows the base throughout; no identification or harmonization is supplied.
- At 433c01, four witnesses read 二名 for the base 二 in 二毘虜呵羅. Every other numbered list in the paragraph uses the formula “number–named–name,” while this item alone lacks “named.” Both are recorded without decision. The main text follows the base and does not supply the missing character.
- At 433c11 and 433c13, four witnesses respectively read 湯 and 忙 for the base characters 除 and 亡 in the fanqie notes. When a fanqie character changes, the indicated pronunciation changes with it. Both are recorded without decision, and the main text follows the base.
One rare-character occurrence: 〔T32 433c25〕 𭘰 (the canon glyph construction is ［巾＊尃］), the first character of 𭘰果婆呵, the worm-name at the root of the large intestine; the character is recorded as it stands. Three inline notes occur: （除里反） at 〔T32 433c11〕, （塗履反） at 〔T32 433c12〕, and （亡比反） at 〔T32 433c13〕. All are fanqie pronunciation notes in the base text and are retained.
IV. Citations Made by the Treatise
No statement in this passage is marked as the Buddha’s word or as another authority’s position. The searches find none.
V. Similes and Rhetoric
- One question, one list 〔T32 433b20–434a11〕: the passage contains neither comparison nor discussion; one long list makes up the entire text. More than nine hundred Chinese characters pass without a concluding judgment. Unlike adjacent passages with questions and distinctions, its force lies entirely in the length of the list.
- From exterior to interior and from top to bottom 〔T32 433b21–434a11〕: hair, skull, brain; eyes, ears, nose, tongue, teeth, throat; neck; body hair, nails, skin, membranes, flesh, blood, sinews, vessels; bones, marrow, spleen, heart, fat, bladder, 胞, intestines, stomach, mature repository; bile, spittle, sweat, grease; 強 and 彊根; four directions; two lower apertures. The sequence follows body parts as does the list of thirty-two items in 08-51.
- Repeated formulas introducing subitems 〔T32 433b23–434a06〕: twenty-six locations use the same formula to introduce subitems. Lists of two are the most frequent, lists of four next, and lists of three occur twice. The formula repeats without variation, balancing the density of phonetic names with a uniform sentence structure.
- Closing with dwelling 〔T32 434a11〕: the whole passage describes where the worms depend and what they eat. Its conclusion therefore speaks of “the worms’ dwelling,” without further argument.
VI. Cross-References Within the Chapter
- Earlier: the general account of mindfulness of the body and the names of the thirteen modes in 08-51 〔T32 432c15–433a13〕, where “by kinds of worms” occurs at 〔T32 433a12〕; the body’s arising and sequence in 08-52 〔T32 433a13–433b20〕; the order of body parts in the thirty-two-item list 〔T32 432c23–25〕.
- Later: the body’s supports, aggregation, and dangers begin at 〔T32 434a11〕 in 08-54, continuing with the eighth and later of the thirteen modes.
VII. Transmission
Questions concerning the author, translator, and textual transmission are not determined in this apparatus.
Shi Huijing · Waken · The Path of Freedom · Kinds of Worms within the Body · Apparatus · Summer 2026