No. 1
心法 · 前五識 · 第一 · consciousnesses · the five sense-consciousnesses #1/5

眼識Eye-consciousness

Cakṣur-vijñāna · cakkhu-viññāṇa

心王八識之首。前五識之第一。三能變中之了境能變(第三能變)。依眼根,緣色境,性境現量通三性。

zh · Xuanzang 譯

心王八識之首。前五識之第一。三能變中之了境能變(第三能變)。依眼根,緣色境,性境現量通三性。

[共傳] 《雜阿含經》卷八(六入處段,T2n0099),佛告比丘:

緣眼、色,生眼識,三事和合觸。

[大乘] 《解深密經》卷一·心意識相品(玄奘譯,T16n0676,T16.0692b19-22):

阿陀那識為依止、為建立故,六識身轉,謂眼識、耳、鼻、舌、身、意識。此中有識:眼及色為緣,生眼識;與眼識俱隨行,同時、同境,有分別意識轉。

《成唯識論》卷五(前六轉識三性):

此六轉識,何性攝耶?謂善、不善、俱非性攝。

《八識規矩補註》(T45n1865,明 普泰補註)前五識體性頌:

性境現量通三性。

——眼識緣性境(真實相分,非帶質、非獨影),唯現量(不起比量計度),通善、惡、無記三性。相應心所 34:遍行五(→#9-#13)+ 別境五(→#14-#18)+ 善十一(→#19-#29)+ 中隨二 + 大隨八 + 根本煩惱中之貪瞋癡三(→#30-#32)。論判前五識「無分別故」—— 唯有俱生煩惱中之貪瞋癡,無慢、疑、見等需推度方起者。

前五識唯緣性境、唯現量、無分別——此三限定構成前五識之心識特徵,與意識之三量三境三性全開放(→#6 已詳)成架構對偶。「無分別」非無認知,乃無概念性之構作:色境於眼識刹那直接顯現,至五俱意識(→#6)同步起方有「此是花」之名言判攝。前五識為佛法「現量境」之直接顯現處——一切修行最終皆須回歸此處之純淨認知層。

諸緣

《八識規矩補註》所傳頌文(T45n1865;頌傳為玄奘所作,今存明代諸注本,本引依普泰補註本):「九緣七八好相隣,合三離二觀塵世」—— 八識所需緣數依次遞減,眼識緣最多者,九緣方生

1. 空距離(眼識離中取境,需空隙)
2. 明光明(眼識專需,餘識不需)
3. 根眼根(淨色根,→#60
4. 境色境
5. 作意遍行心所(→#9)—— 警心趣境
6. 分別依第六意識(→#6)—— 五俱意識同時起分別
7. 染淨依第七末那識(→#7)—— 恆審思量為俱有所依
8. 根本依第八阿賴耶識(→#8)—— 種子所藏
9. 種子眼識自種子(第八識所持,現行所熏)

少一緣則眼識不生。九緣中三依(→#6/#7/#8)正回應上文《解深密經》之「依止、建立」教 —— 每一剎那眼識生起,皆是後三識同時運作之果。諸緣遞減鏈:眼 9 → 耳 8 → 鼻/舌/身 7 → 第六意識 5 → 末那 4 → 阿賴耶 4 ——「深處簡,表處繁」之表層於諸緣計數中即顯。

至佛位

前五識共轉為成所作智kṛtya-anuṣṭhāna-jñāna)——《成唯識論》卷十(T31n1585,T31.0056b):「普於十方示現種種變化三業,成本願力所應作事。」眼識之所轉非「視之另立」,乃視之不為先識所障——根境識三和之刹那不再受末那我相所染。

按:四層引文呈眼識義之架構縱深 —— 阿含立眼識為三緣(根、境、識)和合之事件;解深密經補出兩層:眼識之底層依止為阿陀那識(即阿賴耶 →#8),眼識之共行運作為五俱意識(→#6)同時同境而轉;唯識論於心法層立眼識通三性、純現量;諸緣段以《八識規矩頌》九緣詳列其生起所需之全部因素。三依(→#6/#7/#8)於諸緣表中俱現,示眼識非孤立 —— 每一見之刹那,後三識同時運作為其所依。

saṃskṛta

cakṣur-vijñāna < cakṣus(眼,→#60 已詳)+ vijñāna(識)。vijñāna 之構造:vi-(分、別、離)+ √jñā(知,印歐祖語 *ǵneh₃-)+ -ana(行為名詞後綴)—— 字義「分別之知/了別」。

印歐祖語 *ǵneh₃- 「知」於瑜伽行派心識詞彙作三式展用,由不同前綴切分認知功能:

構造功能
saṃ-jñā(想,→#12"together-know"取像、施設名言
vi-jñāna(八識,本條 #1-#8)"apart-know"了別
pra-jñā(慧,→#18"forth-know"揀擇、斷疑

拉丁同源 (co-)gnōscō;希臘 gignṓskō, gnōsis;英文 know, cognition, gnosis 皆出此根。故 vijñāna 之語源即「分別」—— 識之名本身即攜「分別」之義,正合八識規矩頌「分別所分別」之教義(性境現量段所立「無分別」乃「無語言概念之構作」之意,非否認 vi- 前綴之分別作用)。

⚠ In Review · 《阿毘達磨集論》(Abhidharma-samuccaya)梵本無獨立之 cakṣur-vijñāna 定義段 —— Asg 之定義層在識蘊(vijñāna-skandha)總綱,以 vijānana(了別)統覆八識;前五識之個別分判出自《成唯識論》傳統(Triṃśikā 偈 8 + 《成唯識論》卷五)。

《唯識三十頌》(Triṃśikā,第三能變偈 8bc):

...viṣayasyopalabdhiḥ sā ||

⋯⋯[第三能變]者,於境之了知(cognition of objects)。

安慧釋論(Triṃśikā-bhāṣya [Tvbh_70]):

cakṣurādivijñānaṃ ṣaṭprakāram api viṣayavijñaptiḥ /

眼等諸識(共六種)皆為境之了別viṣaya-vijñapti)。

梵文玄奘譯
viṣaya-vijñapti了境境(viṣaya)之了別(vijñapti
三能變第三了境能變viṣayaupalabdhi(了知)

按:成唯識論卷五「次第三能變,差別有六種,了境為性相」即《唯識三十頌》(Triṃśikā)偈 8bc + 安慧釋之逐字對應—— viṣaya-vijñapti = 了境,三能變之第三即前六轉識合說。眼識之獨立定義出自玄奘成論之《成唯識論》傳統(九緣方生),非《唯識三十頌》(Triṃśikā)直陳;然其架構根據在 Triṃśikā 偈 8 之「第三能變 = 了境」框架。

pāḷi

南傳 不立第七、第八識——其識體系限於六識(前五識 + 第六意識)。眼識於南北傳判攝一致,皆名 cakkhu-viññāṇa;分歧僅在 manas→#7)與 ālaya-vijñāna→#8)二識之有無。

Pāli 對應cakkhu-viññāṇa。Skt → Pāli 之標準語音對應:cakṣur-cakkhu-(齶化加短化);vi-jñānavi-ññāṇa(jñ → ññ)。

南傳論藏《阿毘達摩攝義論》(Abhidhammattha-saṅgaha II)將 cakkhu-viññāṇa 列為 89/121 種 citta 之中之二:一為善異熟(kusala-vipāka),一為不善異熟(akusala-vipāka)—— 視眼識為心識流(citta-vīthi)中「見」之刹那,緣眼根、色境、過去業之異熟而起。此分判與唯識「眼識通三性、依眼根、緣色境」於機理上一致;唯識所加者為「九緣」之明確列舉與三依(→#6/#7/#8)之架構補出。

《相應部·六處相應》 SN 35 系列諸經之眼識生起公式:

Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhu-viññāṇaṃ.

緣眼與色,生眼識。

同公式亦見《大念處經》 DN 22 法隨觀·六入處段、《中部》 MN 148 Chachakkasutta。「根境識三事和合」為阿含 / Nikāya 之共傳定義,與《雜阿含》卷八「緣眼色生眼識」一致。

按:眼識為南北傳之共傳教義 —— 北傳唯識補諸緣與三依之架構,南傳於 citta-vīthi 中作流程層分析;二者於機制一致而於背景架構(六識 vs 八識)分歧。Vism XIV 之四相分析模型用於心所而非心王,故眼識於南傳論藏無四相分析;其分析在 Abhidhammattha-saṅgahacitta 分類學中。

漢綜述zh-synthesis

詞源

「眼識」之梵文 cakṣur-vijñāna 為兩段合成——cakṣus(眼,→#60 已詳,< √cakṣ「見、看」)+ vijñāna(識,分別之知)。vijñāna 自身分為三詞素vi-(分、別、離)+ √jñā(知,印歐祖語 *ǵneh₃- 「知」)+ -ana(行為名詞後綴)——字義「分別之知/了別」。⭐⭐ √jñā 之印歐祖語 *ǵneh₃- 為印歐語系最穩定動詞根之一,其同源詞遍佈諸語:拉丁 (co-)gnōscō;希臘 gignṓskōgnōsis;英文 know, cognition, gnosis;德文 kennen / können瑜伽行派以此一根於三式前綴下分化為三條認知操作saṃ-jñā(想,→#12,「共同之知/取像」)+ vi-jñāna(識,本條 #1-#8,「分別之知/了別」)+ pra-jñā(慧,→#18,「前進之知/揀擇」)——同 √jñā 動詞核心,依三前綴(saṃ- / vi- / pra-)分為三層認知功能:取像、分別、揀擇,三式合構瑜伽行派認知學之根級分節。漢字「識/想/慧」三字無此構詞層之同源呼應,唯梵語形態獨保此根族。「無分別」一語之語法澄清:識之名本身即攜「分別」(vi-)之義,正合八識規矩頌「分別所分別」之教義;前五識所「無」之分別非 vi-jñā 之認識性分別操作(識之根本功能、無此即無識),乃 vi-kalpa(概念性之構作、語言層之判攝)——此處兩種 vi- 不可混淆:vi-jñā 為識之 cognitive 分別(識之自體即此),vi-kalpa 為意識五俱位之概念性構作;前五識持前者、無後者。Pāli cakkhu-viññāṇa 直承梵 cakṣur-vijñāna——標準語音對應:cakṣus-cakkhu-(齶化加短化);vi-jñānavi-ññāṇa(jñ → ññ 之南傳音律)。

義理

眼識為心王八識之首、《唯識三十頌》三能變(tri-pariṇāma)中之第三能變(了境能變)之分位首條。《唯識三十頌》偈 8bc viṣayasyopalabdhiḥ sā 立第三能變為「於境之了知」,安慧釋論 [Tvbh_70] cakṣurādivijñānaṃ ṣaṭprakāram api viṣayavijñaptiḥ 將此擴及前六識六種——眼等六識皆為「境之了別」(viṣaya-vijñapti)。⚠️ 須注意:《集論》無獨立之 cakṣur-vijñāna 定義段——《集論》之識蘊定義以 vijānana(了別)總覆八識,前五識之個別分判出自《唯識三十頌》+《成唯識論》傳統,非 Asg 直陳。眼識之認知特徵由三限定 + 一無分別構成:①性境vastu-viṣaya)——所緣為真實相分、非帶質、非獨影;②現量pratyakṣa)——直接顯現、不起比量推度;③通三性(善/不善/俱非)——眼識自體無倫理偏性,所相應心所決定其善惡;④無分別nirvikalpa)——色境於眼識刹那直接顯現,未及第六意識同步起方有之名言判攝。此四限定構成前五識識體特徵,與第六意識(→#6)之「三量三境三性」全開放成架構對偶——前五識為「現量境」之直接顯現處、第六意識為三量三境三性之普遍平台。諸緣 9 + 心所相應 34 為前五識中最繁複者;其中諸緣之三依(→#6 分別依/→#7 染淨依/→#8 根本依)尤為 baifa 心王架構之核心呈現:每一見之刹那皆非孤立事件、乃後三識同時運作之果——眼識之看、第六意識之同時分別判攝、末那之染淨依、阿賴耶之種子持藏,四識同時運作於一見之刹那。諸緣遞減鏈(眼 9 → 耳 8 → 鼻舌身 7 → 意 5 → 末那 4 → 阿賴耶 4)與心所相應遞減鏈(意識 51 > 前五識 34 > 末那 18 > 阿賴耶 5)兩鏈呈正比平行——識之表面活動愈廣、緣愈繁、心所愈多;識之深層基底愈純、緣愈簡、心所愈少。百法心王架構之深淺反向結構——表處之繁複、深處之精簡。

南北

眼識為南北傳之共傳教義,於 baifa 心王 8 識中為架構合契度最高者——南北分歧不在前六識,乃在第七末那(→#7)與第八阿賴耶(→#8)之有無。Pāli 經藏之眼識生起公式 cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhu-viññāṇaṃ(緣眼與色,生眼識)見於《相應部》SN 35 系列、《大念處經》DN 22 法隨觀·六入處段、《中部》MN 148《六六經》(Chachakkasutta)多處——於諸 Nikāya 廣布之教證。漢譯《雜阿含》卷八「緣眼、色,生眼識,三事和合觸」為此 Pāli 公式之逐字漢譯(第三句「三事和合觸」為下游 →#10 觸條之經據連帶,明示 sparśa 為眼識之必伴下游)。位置一致:南北傳皆判眼識通三性。上座部論藏《阿毘達摩攝義論》(Abhidhammattha-saṅgaha II)將 cakkhu-viññāṇa 列為 89/121 種 citta 中之二——一為善異熟(kusala-vipāka)、一為不善異熟(akusala-vipāka)——此分判機理與唯識「眼識通三性、依眼根、緣色境」一致。架構分析框架不同:南傳於《攝阿毘達磨義論》之 citta-vīthi(認識歷程)框架中作流程層分析——眼識為認識歷程中「五門轉向心」之後、「領受心」「推度心」「確定心」之前之特定剎那;北傳唯識則於《唯識三十頌》之三能變(tri-pariṇāma)框架中作架構層分析——眼識為第三能變(了境能變)之分位首條,與其餘七識共構由表至底之 8 層架構。同一見之事件,兩種分析框架——南傳為時間流程層、北傳為架構層;二者於機制一致而於背景架構(六識/八識)分歧。Vism XIV 之四相分析(lakkhaṇa / rasa / paccupaṭṭhāna / padaṭṭhāna)僅用於心所而非心王——故眼識於南傳論藏無四相分析,其分析在 Abhidhammattha-saṅgahacitta 分類學中。⭐ 兩傳皆以三事和合(根、境、識會聚)為眼識生起之核心意象——此意象與 →#10 觸條(trika-sannipāte)共為南北傳於前五識刹那之 sutta-層共有所依。

修持

眼識之修持涵義在於其作為「現量境」之直接顯現處之地位——一切修行最終皆須回歸此處之純淨認知層。修持之接點在第六意識同時起分別之刹那前——《解深密經》立明此銜接:「眼及色為緣,生眼識;與眼識俱隨行,同時、同境,有分別意識轉」(→#6 五俱意識)。眼識見「紅」之刹那,第六意識同時、同境起「此是花、此美、此可貪」之分別判攝——兩識於現象學上 融為單一「我見此花而欲」之經驗,但於唯識架構之分節中為兩個別之識體。正念訓練(sati-bhāvanā)之精確點即在此接點:注意力安住於眼識之見、未及五俱意識之分別判攝凝聚之前。「無分別」之教義非形上學之主張(非謂前五識無認知)、乃禪修上之觀照座標——指認認知刹那中可由注意力安住之純淨層位。九緣架構於修持中提供路徑圖:(a)淺層心所訓練——作意(→#9)、念(→#16)、定(→#17)三心所之培育操作於諸緣之第 5(作意)+ 心所層;(b)中層慧之操作——慧(→#18)於同一所緣之 pravicaya(揀擇)操作,通常於定之平台上起作(→#17 已詳);(c)深層阿賴耶之轉依——諸緣之 6 / 7 / 8 三依即末那、意識、阿賴耶三識之深層位置,乃業力種子與我執所棲之處,亦即 āśraya-parāvṛtti(轉依)之最終工作場所。⭐ 眼識至佛位 → 成所作智kṛtya-anuṣṭhāna-jñāna,前五識共轉),《成唯識論》卷十「普於十方示現種種變化三業,成本願力所應作事」——眼識之轉非「視之另立」、乃視之不為先識所障:根境識三和之刹那不再受末那我相所染、不再受阿賴耶煩惱種子所主導,唯緣性境之純淨見現量即是。佛之眼非新創之眼,乃眼之恢復其本然功能——此 vyāvṛtti(捨)之精確義即「轉非滅」:識之恆續,所染之轉換。

譯名

漢譯「眼識」為玄奘所選——「眼」為 cakṣus 之直譯(→#60 眼根之 cakṣur-indriya 共此根),「識」為 vijñāna 之直譯。漢字「識」字本義為「分別、辨認」(《說文》「識,常也、知也」),合 vi-jñāna 之核心義;「眼識」二字為直接 calque,無歧義之餘地——所有漢譯傳統一致。英譯之選擇較複雜:傳統譯 Eye-consciousness(Stcherbatsky 主流、Bhikkhu Bodhi、Wallace)為 Buddhist 譯界慣用,但 consciousness 之語感過於泛覺知、易令現代讀者誤讀為「general awareness of seeing」而失 vi-jñā 之分別性核心;近期譯界(Schmithausen、Lusthaus、Waldron)主張改譯 Eye-cognitionEye-discriminating-cognition——以 cognition 直譯 vi-jñā 之「分別之知」。然 consciousness 之譯亦有強力之立論:①於五蘊(pañca-skandha)框架中 vijñāna-skandha 之譯「識蘊/consciousness aggregate」已成佛學界標準;②consciousness 雖義泛及一般覺知但能涵蓋識之覺知一面(識不僅 vi- 別、亦是 jñāna 知);③cognition 過於偏向 cognitive science 之「處理性」語感、失識之 現象學覺知 一面。本譯於英文段保留 Eye-consciousness 為通行譯,但於釋義段以「discriminating cognition」明釋其 vi-jñā 核心——使譯名 + 釋義雙保 覺知與分別兩面。「無分別」之譯名挑戰尤大:nirvikalpa(無 vi-kalpa、無概念性構作)易被誤譯為 non-discriminating 而誤導讀者誤以為前五識「無分別」即「無辨識」(與識之 vi-jñā 自相矛盾)。本譯於英文段以 without conceptual constructionpre-conceptual 釋之——精確區分 vi-jñāna(識之認識性分別,識之自體)與 vi-kalpa(意識之 conceptual elaboration,前五識所無者)。收尾架構觀察:眼識(cakṣur-vijñāna)之 √jñā→#12 想(saṃ-jñā)+ →#18 慧(pra-jñā)之深層同根——同 √jñā 動詞核心於瑜伽行派認知學中依三前綴(saṃ- / vi- / pra-)分為三層操作:取像(saṃ-,想之「共知」)、分別(vi-,識之「別知」)、揀擇(pra-,慧之「前知」);三式合構認知之根級分節,唯梵語形態獨保此根族;漢字「識/想/慧」三字無此派生同源呼應,亦無共漢字根之保留——唯梵文形態學見證此架構。

眼識 ——依眼根,緣色境,了別為性;性境現量,無分別為相;通善、不善、俱非三性。

英綜述en-synthesis

Etymology

Sanskrit cakṣur-vijñāna compounds cakṣus (the eye-faculty, see →#60) with vijñāna — the latter from vi- ("apart, distinguishing") + √jñā ("to know") + -ana (action-noun suffix), meaning "discriminating awareness." The √jñā root reaches across Indo-European: PIE *ǵneh₃- yields English know, cognition, gnosis; Latin (co-)gnōscō; Greek gignṓskō. Within Yogācāra, three terms partition this root family — saṃ-jñā (recognition, →#12, together-knowing), vi-jñāna (consciousness, the eight 心王 #1-#8, apart-knowing), and pra-jñā (wisdom, →#18, fore-knowing). The 識 family's vi- prefix marks the discriminating operation: each of the eight consciousnesses is a mode of apart-knowing, distinguishing one object-aspect from another. Cakṣur-vijñāna therefore names not "vision" generically but specifically the discriminating cognition that operates through the eye.

Doctrinal frame

Eye-consciousness is the first of the eight consciousnesses (aṣṭa-vijñāna) in Yogācāra. The Cheng Weishi Lun defines its character through three doctrinal claims. It is direct perception only (pratyakṣa / 現量) — what it sees is what is present, prior to any conceptual labeling; the thought "this is a flower" is not eye-consciousness but mind-consciousness operating concurrently. It apprehends the actual object (vastu / 性境) — color and shape as such, taken as they are rather than as constructed mental images or images-of-images. And it is morally neutral in itself (通三性): wholesome, unwholesome, or neutral character belongs to the mental factors that co-arise with it, not to seeing as such. Asaṅga's Abhidharma-samuccaya gives no per-識 definition for eye-consciousness specifically — Asg defines vijñāna-skandha generically as vijānana (cognizing) covering all eight. The per-consciousness articulation belongs to the Triṃśikā + Cheng Weishi Lun tradition: Triṃśikā 8bc names the third pariṇāma (transformation) as viṣayasyopalabdhiḥ (the cognition of objects), with Sthiramati glossing this as cakṣurādivijñānaṃ ṣaṭprakāram api viṣayavijñaptiḥ (the six discriminating-cognitions including eye-consciousness, all of them viṣaya-vijñapti).

Nine conditions. Of the eight consciousnesses, eye-consciousness requires the most conditions to arise — nine: space (ākāśa, distance for object-apprehension), light (āloka, unique to seeing), eye-faculty (the rūpa eye-organ →#60), the visual object, attention (manaskāra →#9), and three deep-mind dependencies — manas (→#7, defiled-pure basis), mano-vijñāna (→#6, discriminating basis through co-arising mind-consciousness), ālaya-vijñāna (→#8, root basis through stored seeds), plus the eye-consciousness's own seed in the ālaya. Ear requires eight (no light needed); nose, tongue, and body require seven (no distance, no light); mind-consciousness requires five; manas and ālaya require four each. The descending count is itself instructive: as analysis moves inward from the senses toward the deep mind, the conditions for cognition simplify. Three of the nine for sight are themselves the deeper consciousnesses — mano-vijñāna, manas, and ālaya — all operating simultaneously. No moment of seeing is solitary: each instant of eye-consciousness depends on the entire eight-fold structure functioning in concert. The reciprocal pattern is doctrinally significant: surface consciousnesses are operationally complex (many conditions, 34 associated cetasika) but the deep consciousnesses are operationally simple (4 conditions, 5 cetasika for ālaya). Surface complex; depth simple.

Cross-tradition

Eye-consciousness is shared canon. Both Theravāda and Yogācāra recognize cakkhu-viññāṇa / cakṣur-vijñāna as arising from the meeting of eye-faculty, visual object, and discriminating cognition; the Pāli formula cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhu-viññāṇaṃ (SN 35, DN 22, MN 148) is verbatim what the Chinese Saṃyuktāgama gives as 「緣眼、色,生眼識」. The divergence is at the deeper consciousnesses: Theravāda's six-vijñāna model has no manas (→#7) and no ālaya-vijñāna (→#8), and analyzes eye-consciousness within the citta-vīthi (cognitive process) framework of the Abhidhammattha-saṅgaha rather than through Yogācāra's three-transformation (tri-pariṇāma) architecture. Cakkhu-viññāṇa in Theravāda is one of 89 (or 121, when jhāna states are differentiated) types of citta — specifically the seeing-moment in the cognitive series, with two varieties (one wholesome-resultant, one unwholesome-resultant). The Yogācāra additions are not corrections but architectural elaborations: nine conditions made explicit, three deep-mind dependencies named, the ālaya's seed-storage role articulated. The same seeing-event, two analytic frames.

Practitioner's seam

Yogācāra here marks a precise place that meditative attention can inhabit. Eye-consciousness sees red. Mind-consciousness, co-arising in the same moment, on the same objectSaṃdhinirmocana: "travelling alongside the eye-consciousness, same-time same-object" — supplies the interpretation: that is a flower; it is beautiful; I want it. The two are functionally distinct but phenomenally fused. Mindfulness training works precisely at this seam — resting at the level of bare seeing before the conceptual overlay of mano-vijñāna binds. The technical claim that the first five consciousnesses are "without conceptual construction" (無分別) is not metaphysics but a contemplative coordinate: it names the location in the cognitive moment where sustained attention can find an object that has not yet been labelled, evaluated, or claimed. The doctrinal architecture of nine conditions, when read in this practical key, is a map: the cetasika-level training (training of manaskāra →#9, smṛti →#16, samādhi →#17) operates on conditions 5 and others; prajñā (→#18) discerns within the same object that samādhi stabilizes; the deep conditions 6/7/8 are where karmic seeds and self-grasping lurk and where sustained practice eventually re-orders the entire architecture.

Translation

Eye-consciousness — the discriminating cognition that arises depending on the eye-faculty and its visual object. Apprehends the vastu-object directly by perception, without conceptual construction. Morally neutral in itself; takes its ethical valence from the mental factors it co-arises with.

translator's note

譯者按: 結構分析詳 S3-P02、S3-P06。眼識(cakṣur-vijñāna,本條 #1)↔ 阿賴耶(ālaya-vijñāna→#8)為 諸緣遞減 + 心所相應遞減 互攝之兩極:眼識九緣方生而與三十四心所俱(表處繁複);阿賴耶唯四緣即起而僅與五遍行俱(深處精簡);八識架構之表面深度反向結構於兩端極化顯豁,深處反顯極簡之恆轉,表處反顯廣繁之條件聚集。