中觀 Madhyamaka · 宗級名相彙編School Glossary
諸本異釋 15 條 · 各本並存，不強和會（15 lemmas rendered differently across works — co-existing, unharmonized）
一心／多心
十二門論第一門檢驗十二支同時或前後兩案one mind / many mindsGate one’s simultaneous and sequential alternatives for the twelve links 一／異異釋
中論日常譬喻可依句法作 one / differentidentity / differencePlain examples may use one / different 百論品題用 unity / difference；一般義理亦可作 identity / differenceunity / differenceChapter titles use unity / difference; doctrinal prose may use identity / difference 十二門論第六門成對兩案identity / differenceThe paired alternatives in gate six 三時
十二門論已去、未去、正去；或過去、未來、現在依文the three timesWhat has passed, has not passed, and is passing; or past, future, present as context requires 不生不滅
中論兩端俱留neither arising nor ceasingPreserve both poles 世尊
百論本品先辨何者能如實知、說深淨法World-Honored OneThe first chapter asks who knows truly and teaches a deep, pure Dharma 世諦
中論二諦之一conventional truthOne of the two truths 中論
中論指 T30n1564 所傳龍樹頌、青目釋與羅什漢譯合層文本*Treatise on the Middle*T30n1564 as the received layered work of Nāgārjuna’s verse, Qingmu’s commentary, and Kumārajīva’s Chinese transmission 中道
中論不是有無之間的第三實體the Middle WayNot a third substance between two extremes 二諦
中論世諦與第一義諦the two truthsConventional and ultimate truth 他性異釋
中論與自性、自生、他生的論證成對保留other-naturePreserve its paired role with intrinsic nature and arising from another 百論與自性、自生、他生的論證成對other-naturePaired with intrinsic nature and arising from another 十二門論與自性、因他而有之論證成對other-naturePaired with intrinsic nature and existence because of another 作／作者
十二門論具體句法可作 making / maker、doing / doeraction / agentMaking / maker or doing / doer in concrete syntax 來／出
中論守 T1564 用字，不改成生／滅coming / going forthPreserve T1564’s pair rather than normalizing it to arising / ceasing 俗諦
百論不作 worldly truthconventional truthNever “worldly truth” as the governing form 修妬路
百論傳本用以標出提婆本文的夾註sūtra marker / root-text markerTransmitted inline note identifying Deva’s root statement 假名異釋
中論名字被強調時可作 provisional nameprovisional designation“Provisional name” where the act of naming is foregrounded 十二門論依待施設，不冒充固定自體provisional designationDependently established speech, not a fixed body 僧叡異釋
中論卷首序作者Seng RuiAuthor of the preface 十二門論品目與序者Seng RuiAuthor of the Table of Gates and preface 僧肇
百論卷首序作者SengzhaoAuthor of the preface 內外因緣
十二門論內為十二支，外為器物與芽等眾緣inner and outer causes and conditionsThe twelve links internally; vessels, sprouts, and their conditions externally 八不
中論不生、不滅、不常、不斷、不一、不異、不來、不出the eight negationsNeither arising nor ceasing, permanence nor annihilation, identity nor difference, coming nor going forth 十二因緣／十二支
中論簡稱 the twelve linksthe twelve links of dependent originationShort form: the twelve links 十二門論簡稱 the twelve linksthe twelve links of dependent originationShort form: the twelve links 十二門論
十二門論指 T30n1568 一卷十二門與卷首品目、序*Twelve Gate Treatise*T30n1568 as one fascicle of twelve gates with an opening Table of Gates and preface 吉
百論字義被論辯時可附 jiauspicious / goodMay give ji when the graph itself is debated 吉藏異釋
中論《中觀論疏》作者；古德之鏡，不是根本論聲口JizangAuthor of the Commentary on the Treatise on the Middle; an ancient mirror, not the root voice 百論《百論疏》作者；古德之鏡JizangAuthor of the Commentary on the Hundred Treatise; an ancient mirror 十二門論《十二門論疏》作者；古德之鏡JizangAuthor of the Commentary on the Twelve Gate Treatise; an ancient mirror 和合異釋
中論不另立一個和合實體conjunction / coming togetherDo not reify conjunction as another entity 百論不另立一個和合實體conjunction / coming togetherDo not reify conjunction as another entity 十二門論不把眾緣和合另立為一法conjunction / coming togetherThe gathering of conditions is not reified as another dharma 問曰／答曰
中論保留論辯層次與嵌套問答Question / AnswerPreserve levels of debate and nested exchanges 四句
中論指自、他、共、無因等四門時，不作 four sentencesthe four alternativesNever “four sentences” when it names a fourfold analysis 四緣
中論因緣、次第緣、緣緣、增上緣the four conditionsCausal, immediately preceding, object, and dominant condition 十二門論因緣、次第緣、緣緣、增上緣the four conditionsCausal, immediately preceding, object, and dominant condition 因中有果
百論第七品所檢驗之案the effect existing in the causeThe alternative examined in chapter seven 因中無果
百論第八品所檢驗之案，不是第七品的預設答案the effect not existing in the causeThe alternative examined in chapter eight, not the assumed answer to chapter seven 因緣
中論不把每一處都換成 dependent originationcauses and conditionsDo not replace every occurrence with dependent origination 十二門論不把每一處都換成 dependent originationcauses and conditionsDo not replace every occurrence with dependent origination 因緣〔四緣之一〕
中論與通稱 causes and conditions 有別causal conditionDistinct from general causes and conditions 因／果異釋
中論業報語境可依句法作 resultcause / effect“Result” where karmic syntax requires it 百論業報語境可依句法作 resultcause / effect“Result” where karmic syntax requires it 十二門論第九門與一般因果語境cause / effectGate nine and ordinary causal contexts 塵
百論〈破塵品〉的微細物質論域；一般六塵語境另依文atomsThe minute material units examined in chapter six; six-object contexts follow local syntax 增上緣
中論四緣之一dominant conditionOne of the four conditions 外曰／內曰
百論依句脈亦可作 questioner / respondentthe outsider says / the insider saysQuestioner / respondent where syntax calls for it 婆藪
百論釋者；不依現代重構另改人名VasuCommentator; not silently replaced by a modern reconstruction 實相異釋
中論相未被強調時可依句脈作 true realitytrue mark“True reality” where mark is not foregrounded 十二門論序稱本論所歸之處，不另立實體the real markWhat the preface says the treatise returns to; not a separate entity 布施／持戒／智慧
百論依句脈可作 generosity / ethical disciplinegiving / keeping precepts / wisdomGenerosity / ethical discipline where syntax calls for them 常
百論破常不等於主張斷滅permanenceIts refutation does not assert annihilation 常／斷
中論不把斷弱化為單純 interruptionpermanence / annihilation“Annihilation” preserves the doctrinal pole more clearly than mere interruption 性
十二門論第八門檢驗變易法能否有定性natureGate eight asks whether changing dharmas can possess fixed nature 情
百論〈破情品〉指眼等認識根門facultiesThe cognitive faculties examined in chapter five 惡止善行
百論保留止與行兩個動作stopping evil and practicing goodPreserve the two movements 我／我所異釋
中論讀者散文可依句法作 I and mineself / what belongs to self“I and mine” in natural reader prose where suitable 十二門論依陰入界假說，不立常住主體self / what belongs to selfProvisionally spoken through aggregates, bases, and elements, not an enduring subject 戲論
中論不只指言談或辯論conceptual proliferationNot merely discussion or debate 所作
中論保留能所角色what is made / the actionPreserve the object-side role 折中
十二門論序中語，謂歸於實相之正，不作世俗妥協centered balanceThe preface’s word for the treatise’s return to the real mark, never worldly compromise 捨罪福
百論捨是不著，不是否定因果relinquishing demerit and meritRelinquishing is nonattachment, not denial of causality 提婆
百論本文作者DevaAuthor of the root statements 摩訶衍
十二門論初見可並列；依本論七義說大Mahāyāna / Great VehicleMay be paired on first use; “great” follows the seven meanings in the treatise 有果／無果
十二門論第二門檢驗果於因中先有、先無等案an existing effect / a nonexisting effectGate two’s alternatives for an effect already present or absent in its cause 有為／無為
十二門論相待檢驗，不把無為立成自性物conditioned / unconditionedExamined relationally; the unconditioned is not made a self-existing thing 有相／無相
十二門論第五門兩案；無相名相另依句脈作 the signlesshaving marks / lacking marksThe two alternatives in gate five; the doctrinal noun 無相 may be “the signless” elsewhere 有／無異釋
中論動詞依句法作 exists / does not existexistence / nonexistenceVerbs: exists / does not exist 百論動詞依句法作 exists / does not existexistence / nonexistenceVerbs: exists / does not exist 十二門論第七門及一般動詞依句法處理existence / nonexistenceGate seven; verbs follow local syntax 次第緣
中論心心相續語境中的固定形式immediately preceding conditionGoverning form in mind-sequence contexts 法
中論具體語境可作 thing、teaching 或 methoddharmaThing, teaching, or method only in a concrete local sense 涅槃異釋
中論不以 extinction 造成斷滅歧義nirvāṇaAvoid “extinction” where it implies annihilation 十二門論第一門檢驗相待所立之無生名nirvāṇaGate one examines the relational designation of non-arising 淨／不淨
百論依動機、所求與解脫次第分辨pure / impureDistinguished through motive, aim, and the sequence of liberation 無生異釋
中論不引向斷滅non-arisingDo not suggest annihilation 十二門論自性生不可得，不是因緣作用全無non-arisingIntrinsic arising cannot be found; dependent function is not erased 無相
百論名相用 the signless；形容用 without marksthe signless / without marksDoctrinal noun / adjective 無相最上
百論不另立一個可執之相the signless is supremeDoes not establish another graspable sign 無自性
中論不等於 nonexistentwithout intrinsic natureNever collapsed into “nonexistent” 百論不等於 nonexistentwithout intrinsic natureNever collapsed into “nonexistent” 十二門論不等於 nonexistentwithout intrinsic natureNever collapsed into “nonexistent” 燃／可燃
中論品題作 fire / fuelburning / the combustibleChapter title: fire / fuel 生／不生／生時
十二門論第十二門三案；名詞依句法調整arisen / unarisen / the time of arisingGate twelve’s three alternatives; noun forms adjust to syntax 生／滅
中論動詞依句法作 arise / ceasearising / ceasingVerbs may be arise / cease 畢竟空異釋
中論依句脈亦可作 empty without remainderultimately empty“Empty without remainder” where syntax calls for it 十二門論不立為終極實體ultimately emptyNot established as an ultimate entity 百論
百論指 T30n1569 所傳提婆本文、婆藪釋與羅什漢譯合層文本*Hundred Treatise*T30n1569 as the received layered work of Deva’s statements, Vasu’s commentary, and Kumārajīva’s Chinese transmission 相
十二門論三相等標相，不作相貌而已markIncludes the three marks and other defining marks, not mere appearance 神
百論〈破神品〉所檢驗的常住主體，不作 deityselfThe enduring subject examined in chapter two; not “deity” 空
中論不作 nothingnessemptiness / emptyNever nothingness 百論不作 nothingnessemptiness / emptyNever nothingness 十二門論不作 nothingnessemptiness / emptyNever nothingness 第一義／第一義諦
中論有「諦」時保留 truthultimate meaning / ultimate truthPreserve “truth” when 諦 is present 緣緣
中論考據可另說漢字所傳名形object conditionThe Apparatus may separately explain the received graph 縛／解
中論解脫另作 liberationbondage / release解脫 is liberation 罪／福
百論不以 sin and merit 為主譯demerit / meritNot governed by “sin and merit” 能作／作者
中論依具體例亦可作 maker / doeraction / agentMaker or doer in concrete examples 自性異釋
中論指離緣自成的固定性；不以 own-nature 為主譯intrinsic natureA fixed nature established apart from conditions; not governed by “own-nature” 百論指離緣自成的固定性intrinsic natureA fixed nature established apart from conditions 十二門論指離緣自成的固定性intrinsic natureA fixed nature established apart from conditions 行法／不行法
百論指取著而續行生死，與心不著而不復往來a dharma of continued course / a dharma of no continued courseGrasping that continues through saṃsāra versus nonattachment that no longer returns 解脫
百論不與單純釋放混同liberationDistinct from ordinary release where context requires 邪見／正見
百論保留見之方向wrong view / right viewPreserve the orientation of view 門
十二門論進入空義之方法，不另立實體gateA way of entering emptiness, not another entity 青目
中論釋者；不依推測另行梵語化QingmuCommentator; not Sanskritized through conjecture 顛倒
中論依句法可作 mistaken inversioninversion“Mistaken inversion” where English syntax requires 鳩摩羅什
中論漢譯者KumārajīvaChinese translator 百論漢譯者KumārajīvaChinese translator 十二門論漢譯者KumārajīvaChinese translator 龍樹異釋
中論造頌者；只在本文所示身分內歸署NāgārjunaVerse author, attributed only where the received text assigns that role 十二門論造論者NāgārjunaTreatise author 符號見凡例 · Sigla