不和合性Disjunction-designation
不相應行第二十四。心不相應行法之最末。於因、果、緣之不齊集(*hetu-phala-pratyaya-asamavadhāna*)之分位中,假立「不和合」(*asāmagrī*,「眾緣不集會」「緣乖」)之名——其體非實,乃諸緣未能齊集之分位施設。「緣散則滅」之「緣散」即不和合性之 phenomenological 基礎;然「使諸緣不和合之力」非實有,「諸緣不齊集」本身即為假名。
漢zh · Xuanzang 譯
不相應行第二十四。心不相應行法之最末。於因、果、緣之不齊集(hetu-phala-pratyaya-asamavadhāna)之分位中,假立「不和合」(asāmagrī,「眾緣不集會」「緣乖」)之名——其體非實,乃諸緣未能齊集之分位施設。「緣散則滅」之「緣散」即不和合性之現象的基礎;然「使諸緣不和合之力」非實有,「諸緣不齊集」本身即為假名。
經
不相應行為論藏所立之分析範疇,於阿含、尼柯耶不作獨立法目;其經藏概念線索可由「眾緣散離」「緣缺不生」等緣起教義詞群追溯。論藏將此現象學結構化為獨立分析範疇;本條由無著於《顯揚聖教論》補入(Asg 集論正列以 #93 和合性為終),再由世親納入《百法明門論》;瑜伽行派重判為假立(prajñapti)[(→#71) 詞族假立框架已詳]。本條為普通 prajñapti——於阿含、Nikāya 無獨立法目,故漢段經 sub-節以現象學教證代正式 [共傳]/[大乘] 標準分判。
論
《顯揚聖教論》卷一(T31n1602, T31.0484b27):
不和合者,謂諸行緣乖性。
——「不和合」即諸行之「緣乖性」——「乖」(乖離、違背、不合)為核心;諸緣不齊集之性質。顯揚「緣乖性」為 asāmagrī 之精簡漢譯(「a-samavadhāna」→「緣乖」——緣之反向)。
⚠ In Review · 來源注意:v0.1 誤屬此引文為《大乘五蘊論》;CBETA 字節核查確認正確來源為顯揚聖教論 T31n1602 T31.0484b27(Patch 1 已修正)。
《成唯識論》卷二(T31n1585, T31.0006b13–14):
「准前理趣皆應遮止。」
——《成唯識論》之處理方式:本條適用《成唯識論》卷一對 24 不相應行之通括遮止(「非實有,依色心分位假立」),無對 #94 之個別文段。此即 #85–#94 sub-詞族之通則——《成唯識論》以「准前理趣」涵蓋,不逐條申明。
按:#93 和合性(緣會性)↔ #94 不和合性(緣乖性)構成本 24 條不相應行詞族之最終 antithesis 對——會/乖,同一詞根取否定前綴,義為正反,共依因/果/緣三軸框架(→#93 和合性,bidirectional)。二者合構有為法之完整動態:諸緣齊集則生(和合),諸緣不齊集則不生或散(不和合)。
梵saṃskṛta
asāmagrī < a-(否定前綴)+ sāmagrī(和合,#93)——「眾緣不會合」「不整全」。否定前綴 a- / an-(< 印歐祖語 *n̥-,同根:拉丁 in-, 英文 un-, 希臘 ἀ- a-)直接取 sāmagrī 之反:「和合」→「不和合」,形態簡明。
⚠ In Review · 梵名注意(鎖定項):本條梵名以 asāmagrī 為主名(依 Mahāvyutpatti #1939「不和合 = asāmagrī」+ 顯揚「不和合/和合」對舉格局 + 百法 #93/#94 之 privative-對偶架構確立)。另有別名 anyathātva(「異狀、異然」,指「成為了其他」——條件已走向另一形態)見於部分梵文文獻,亦屬 Chat v2.1 核查項。
⚠ In Review · 集論地位注意:本條(不和合性)不在 Asg 集論正列(Abhidh-s 11 以 sāmagrī 為最後一條,「// 0 //」收尾)。asāmagrī 梵名依 Mahāvyutpatti #1939 + 顯揚聖教論 + 百法之「和合/不和合」對舉格局確立,為由 sāmagrī 取否定前綴之重建形式,非 GRETIL(哥廷根大學印度語典電子文獻檔) Asg 集論直接引文。本條係無著於顯揚補加,世親納入百法之第二十四不相應行。
暫擬梵文定義(依 #93 privative 對構,非 GRETIL 直接引文):
asāmagrī katamā / hetu-phala-pratyaya-asamavadhāne asāmagrī iti prajñaptiḥ //
於因、果、緣之不齊集(hetu-phala-pratyaya-asamavadhāna——取 #93 samavadhāna 之否定)稱為「不和合」之假立。⚠️ 此公式為顯揚「緣乖性」+ Mahāvyutpatti #1939 + #93 privative 對構之重建,非 Asg 集論原文——v2.1 字節核查項。
按:#93 ↔ #94 之梵語 morphological 對偶(sāmagrī* / asāmagrī)與 #90 方 ↔ #91 時之 conceptual 對偶、及 #71 得 ↔ #74 異生性之詞族內架構對偶性質不同——前者純為否定前綴之語素倒極,後者為詞族結構之對稱安排。#93/#94 為本 24 條詞族最後之 privative 對,以「會/乖」結尾——諸行之生滅動態在此得到最簡之命名:緣會(和合)→生,緣乖(不和合)→不生或滅(→#93)。*
巴pāḷi
南傳阿毘達磨無「不和合性」作為獨立法目或 paññatti 子類。
Pāli asāmaggī(Skt asāmagrī 之音韻對應)於南傳文獻中見於「僧不和合」語境——saṅgha-asāmaggī(僧不和合、破僧)為 sāmaggī(僧和合)之反面,用於僧制語境。此為詞形對應,非阿毘達磨法目對應。
不同於 #90/#91/#92 之三條南北 paññatti/prajñapti 共識,#93/#94 在南傳一端均無 paññatti 子類平行——南傳論藏(論藏)ttha-saṅgaha VIII.4 之六 paññatti 不含「和合」或「不和合」為獨立子類。本條與 #93 共同構成 #85–#94 詞族中南北架構最分歧之對——南傳無對應法目,瑜伽行派有獨立假立位。
按:無南傳列位置對應,是預期之內(本條本非 Asg 集論正列,乃顯揚/百法補入)。南傳對「緣不具足則法不生」之現象學有充分的緣起論表述(idappaccayatā* 之反面即「此無故彼無,此滅故彼滅」),但此表述融入緣起整體框架,不另立「不和合」為獨立法目。*
漢綜述zh-synthesis
「不和合性」之梵文 asāmagrī 為純粹否定前綴構成:a-(否定前綴,< 印歐祖語 *n̥-,同根:拉丁 in-、英文 un-、希臘 a-)+ sāmagrī(和合,→#93)= 「眾緣不集會」「緣乖」。詞源分析無需超出此否定前綴——本條義理完全由其與 #93 之 privative 對極關係定義(→#93)。⚠️ 梵名注意:asāmagrī 依 Mahāvyutpatti #1939 + 顯揚「不和合/和合」對舉格局 + #93/#94 privative-對偶架構確立;別名 anyathātva(「異狀」)見於部分梵文文獻,待 v2.1 字節核查。本條為不相應行二十四,心不相應行法之末條,亦為《百法明門論》第四柱(心不相應行法)之終結。
不和合性為 24 不相應行之第二十四、末條,心不相應行法之最末。⚠️ 集論地位:本條不在 Asg 集論正列(Abhidh-s 11 以 #93 sāmagrī 為最後一條),由無著於顯揚補入,世親納入百法——此為顯揚/百法對 Asg 集論之系統性補充,以「緣乖」完成「緣會/緣乖」之完整動態描述。顯揚「不和合者,謂諸行緣乖性」——「乖」(乖離、違背、不合)為核心,asāmagrī = a-sāmagrī(不整全)之假立。暫擬梵文定義(依 #93 privative 對構):hetu-phala-pratyaya-asamavadhāne asāmagrī iti prajñaptiḥ——於因/果/緣之不齊集(asamavadhāna,取 #93 samavadhāna 之否定)假立「不和合」。#93 ↔ #94 之最終對偶:和合(緣會,samavadhāna)= 諸緣齊集則生;不和合(緣乖,asamavadhāna)= 諸緣不齊集則不生或散(→#93,bidirectional)。二者合構有為法生滅動態之完整語言,以「緣會/緣乖」為 24 不相應行詞族之終結語對。《成唯識論》「准前理趣皆應遮止」(T31.0006b13–14)為本條之適當統括:不和合無別有體,依前 prajñapti 框架遮止(→#71)。
南傳無「不和合性」作為獨立 paññatti 法目(本條本非 Asg 集論正列,乃顯揚/百法補入,南傳不以獨立論藏位處理)。Pāli asāmaggī 在「僧不和合」語境出現(saṅgha-asāmaggī,破僧之反面),為詞形對應而非阿毘達磨法目對應。南傳對「緣不具足則法不生」之現象學由緣起論表述(「此無故彼無,此滅故彼滅」),融入整體框架,不另立獨立法目(→#71 南北架構分歧)。
不和合性作為 prajñapti 之修行涵義:行者遭遇修行之「不順」——禪坐不入定、慈悲難生起、理解不結晶。唯識診斷:此為 asāmagrī——非「有某力量阻礙你」,乃因/果/緣三極中一極或多極尚未到達門限之分位假立名。認識不和合為假立,即從「對抗障礙」轉向「察看哪一緣尚未成熟」——更具建設性之修行視角。與 #93 和合性合觀:諸法之生滅動態在「緣會/緣乖」之間自然流動,無需一個「促成和合」或「製造不和合」之實體。
「不和合性」玄奘既譯。英譯 Disjunction-designation 較 non-concurrence 或 dispersion 更明示 prajñapti 性格及與 #93 之對極關係。
不和合性 ——於因、果、緣之不齊集(hetu-phala-pratyaya-asamavadhāna,asāmagrī,→#93 和合性之 privative 對極;心不相應行法末條)分位,假立「不和合」之名;性為諸緣未能齊集之缺失配置(「緣乖」),業為諸法不生或散滅之緣欠標示;非別有體,依色心分位差別之合成假立。
英綜述en-synthesis
asāmagrī is a straightforward privative compound: a- (negation prefix, < PIE *n̥-, cognate with Latin in-, English un-, Greek a-) + sāmagrī (#93 "conjunction, concurrence"). "Non-conjunction, the state of conditions failing to converge." No further etymological analysis beyond the a- privative is needed — the entry is defined entirely by its relationship to #93. Pāli asāmaggī exists as the phonological correlate in ethical/communal contexts (saṅgha-asāmaggī, the opposite of sāmaggī-concord).
asāmagrī is the twenty-fourth and last of the 24 cittaviprayukta-saṃskāra in 百法 — completing the 不相應行 cluster. Structurally, it is the privative twin of #93: where sāmagrī designates the moment of causal maturation when hetu-phala-pratyaya simultaneously arrive (samavadhāna), asāmagrī designates the moment (or extended state) when they fail to — when conditions are incomplete, dispersed, or mutually obstructive (asamavadhāna / virodha). The Yogācāra position: there is no "force of disjunction" actively separating conditions; what we designate "not-coming-together" is the imputed name for the causal configuration in which the threshold of maturation is not reached.
Crucially: asāmagrī is not in Asg's Abhidharma-samuccaya list (Abhidh-s 11 closes with sāmagrī). This entry was added by Asaṅga in 顯揚聖教論 and canonized in 百法 by Vasubandhu. Its Sanskrit name asāmagrī is confirmed by Mahāvyutpatti #1939 and the privative-pair structure with #93, but is a reconstruction, not a GRETIL-attested formula. An alternate Sanskrit name anyathātva ("being-otherwise, having-become-different") appears in some contexts; ⚠️ this requires Chat v1.1 byte-verification.
The Cheng Weishi Lun does not give #94 individual treatment — covering it under the blanket clause 「准前理趣皆應遮止」(T31.0006b13–14): "by the same reasoning as what precedes, [all 24] should be refuted [as real entities]." This is the appropriate umbrella for a sub-cluster entry not in Asg's original list.
No Theravāda paññatti subtype corresponds to asāmagrī as a discrete category. Unlike #90/#91/#92 (which share the paññatti/prajñapti verdict), #93/#94 find no Theravāda Abhidharma-list parallel. The Theravāda expression of "conditions failing to arise" is embedded in the paṭicca-samuppāda formula itself (imasmiṃ asati idaṃ na hoti, imassa nirodhā idaṃ nirujjhati — "with this absent, that does not exist; with the cessation of this, that ceases") — a dependent-origination framing that handles the asāmagrī phenomenology without a separate list-position.
asāmagrī is the practitioner's encounter with obstruction, interruption, and non-arising. When a meditation session won't settle, when compassion won't arise, when a moment of understanding fails to crystallize — the Yogācāra diagnosis is asāmagrī: one or more of the hetu-phala-pratyaya triad has not arrived at the threshold. The insight: there is no "force of obstruction" blocking the arising — the obstruction is the imputed name for the absence of causal maturation. This reframing shifts practice from fighting "what's wrong" (a reified obstruction) to investigating which condition is missing or immature. Paired with sāmagrī (#93), the two terms give the practitioner a complete language for the arising-and-not-arising of conditioned phenomena — without reifying either convergence or dispersion as independent forces.
Disjunction-designation (asāmagrī) — Of the failure of cause (hetu), effect (phala), and condition (pratyaya) to simultaneously co-arrive (asamavadhāna), [we apply] the designation "non-conjunction / disjunction" — imputed on the causal configuration in which the threshold of maturation is not reached, not as an independent dispersing force.
譯translator's note
譯者按: 本條為心不相應行法第二十四、二十四條詞族之終,結構分析詳 S3-P12。#94 不和合性(緣乖)為 #93 和合性(緣會)之 privative 對極,二者合構有為法生滅動態之完整語言:諸緣齊集(和合)則生,諸緣不齊集(不和合)則不生或散(→#93,bidirectional)。⚠️ 梵名 asāmagrī 為 Mahāvyutpatti #1939 + 顯揚 privative 對構重建,非 Asg 集論 GRETIL(哥廷根大學印度語典電子文獻檔)直接引文;別名 anyathātva 待 v2.1 字節核查。