和合性Conjunction-designation
不相應行第二十三。於因、果、緣之共同到來(*hetu-phala-pratyaya-samavadhāna*)之分位中,假立「和合」(*sāmagrī*,「整體之合」「眾緣集會」)之名——其體非實,乃諸緣齊集之分位施設。「緣會則生」之「緣會」即和合性之 phenomenological 基礎;然「使諸緣和合之力」非實有,「諸緣會合」本身即為假名。
漢zh · Xuanzang 譯
不相應行第二十三。於因、果、緣之共同到來(hetu-phala-pratyaya-samavadhāna)之分位中,假立「和合」(sāmagrī,「整體之合」「眾緣集會」)之名——其體非實,乃諸緣齊集之分位施設。「緣會則生」之「緣會」即和合性之現象的基礎;然「使諸緣和合之力」非實有,「諸緣會合」本身即為假名。
經
不相應行為論藏所立之分析範疇,於阿含、尼柯耶不作獨立法目;其經藏概念線索可由「眾緣和合」「因緣和合」等緣起教義詞群追溯。論藏將此現象學結構化為獨立分析範疇;《阿毘達磨集論》收編入「心不相應行」總綱,並由瑜伽行派重判為假立(prajñapti)[(→#71) 詞族假立框架已詳]。本條為普通 prajñapti——於阿含、Nikāya 無獨立法目,故漢段經 sub-節以現象學教證代正式 [共傳]/[大乘] 標準分判。
論
《顯揚聖教論》卷一(T31n1602, T31.0484b26–27):
和合者,謂諸行緣會性。
——「和合」即諸行之「緣會性」(pratyaya-samavadhāna)——諸緣同時到位、匯聚之性質。顯揚之「緣會性」為 Asg 梵文 samavadhāna(「並置、聚合」)之精簡漢譯。
⚠ In Review · 來源注意:v0.1 誤屬此引文為《大乘五蘊論》;CBETA 字節核查確認正確來源為顯揚聖教論 T31n1602 T31.0484b26–27(Patch 1 已修正)。
《大乘阿毘達磨雜集論》卷二(T31n1606, T31.0701a10–13)[平行引文]:
和合者,謂於因果眾緣集會,假立和合。因果眾緣集會者,且如識法因果相續,必假眾緣和會,謂根不壞、境界現前,能生此識作意正起。
——雜集論以識之生起為例展示和合之現象學:識生起之「和合」,需根不壞、境界現前、作意正起三緣同時集會——缺一即不生,三者齊備即和合假立成立。
按:顯揚以「緣會性」(三字之簡)說和合之本質,雜集論以識之具體生起例說和合之現象學——二者互補,由 abstract 到 concrete。Asg 集論梵文定義加入 pratyaya(緣)為第三極(因/果/緣三軸),為 #85–#94 sub-block 中少數含三極 (hetu-phala-pratyaya) 而非二極 (hetu-phala) 之公式,標誌諸緣成熟之刹那(→#94 不和合性,二者為 antithesis 對)。
梵saṃskṛta
sāmagrī < samagra(< sam-「共、整」+ agra「先、首、頂」→「一切盡在前、整全」)+ -ī(陰性後綴)——「整體之合」「眾緣會合」。samagra 本義「有一切在先頭的」(「一切到位」「整全」),引申為「complete, whole"」;sāmagrī 則為其陰性具格,具體化為「整全性、和合性」之名詞。
⚠ In Review · 印歐同源待考。agra < 印歐祖語 *h₂ek-「尖、前」(同根:拉丁 acies「鋒刃」、英文 acute, acme, acrid)——但此印歐祖語鏈非本條之重點(本卷體例明示不強構印歐祖語鏈)。
Asg 定義(Abhidh-s 11,saṃskāra-skandha 不相應行段,prajñapti 段之最後一條):
sāmagrī katamā / hetu-phala-pratyaya-samavadhāne sāmagrī iti prajñaptiḥ //
於因、果、緣之共同到來(hetu-phala-pratyaya-samavadhāna——「三者集會於同一場合」)稱為「和合」之假立。Asg 於此增入 pratyaya(緣)為第三極——構成因(hetu)/果(phala)/緣(pratyaya)三軸——並以 samavadhāna(「並置、共同到位」)命名三者之匯聚刹那。此為諸緣成熟之假立名。
⚠ In Review · 結構注意:本條(#93 和合性)為 Asg 集論 (Abhidh-s 11) prajñapti 列之最後一條,GRETIL(哥廷根大學印度語典電子文獻檔)原文在 sāmagrī 後即以「// 0 //」收尾。第二十四條「不和合性」(#94) 係無著於《顯揚聖教論》補入,再由世親納入《百法明門論》。
按:#93 和合性 ↔ #94 不和合性構成本詞族之最終對偶(antithesis 對偶):和合 = 因/果/緣三極齊集之假立;不和合 = 三極不齊集之假立(→#94 不和合性,bidirectional 跨連)。sāmagrī(和合)之 sama- 與 samavadhāna 之 sam- 共呼應——「和」之語義以「共置」(sam-)為根底,與「分離」(a-sāmagrī)形成語素對極(→#94)。
巴pāḷi
南傳阿毘達磨無「和合性」作為獨立 prajñapti 法目。然 Pāli sāmaggī(Skt sāmagrī 之音韻對應)於南傳巴利文獻中廣泛出現,常用於「僧團和合」之語境——saṅgha-sāmaggī(僧和合,MN 104, AN 5.54, AN 6.12 等),指僧團之一致、協和,非阿毘達磨法目。
瑜伽行派對 sāmagrī 之技術化使用(「因果緣之並置匯聚」)是對此通用「和合」義的技術窄化——從倫理/僧制語境(僧團協和)轉向因果論語境(諸緣匯聚之刹那)。字形相同,義域各取。
南傳 sāmaggī 在 saṅgha-sāmaggī 用法中實際上已有「諸緣匯集」之隱義(比丘見和同解、戒和同修……六和),為瑜伽行派技術化提供了語義基礎。
按:南傳 sāmaggī 之倫理語境(僧和合)與瑜伽行派 sāmagrī 之因果論語境(緣會假立)之間,是「同一詞語,兩條義域路徑」之典型案例——語義演化在兩傳統中走向不同的技術化方向,無直接列位置對應,卻有共同語義基底。
漢綜述zh-synthesis
「和合性」之梵文 sāmagrī < samagra(< sam-「共、整」+ agra「先、首、頂」→「一切盡在前」→「整全」)+ -ī(陰性後綴)= 「整全性」「眾緣會合」。samagra 本義「有一切在先頭的」(「一切到位」「整全」),引申為「完備」。agra 或與印歐祖語 *h₂ek-(「尖、前」,同根:拉丁 acies「鋒刃」→ 英文 acute, acme, acrid)相關,但此鏈非本條重點。Pāli sāmaggī(標準音韻對應)在南傳文獻廣泛出現,常用於「僧團和合」語境(saṅgha-sāmaggī,詳南北段)。sāmagrī 之 sama- 與 Asg 定義中 samavadhāna(「並置、共同到位」)之 sam- 共「和」之語義底層:和合以「共同」(sam-)為根底,與 #94 不和合性(asāmagrī,→#94)形成語素對極。此為數理時方類之末條,亦為 Asg 集論 prajñapti 列之最末一條。
和合性為 24 不相應行之第二十三,數理時方類之末條,亦為 Asg 集論(Abhidh-s 11)prajñapti 列之最末一條(GRETIL 原文在 sāmagrī 後以「// 0 //」收尾;第二十四條 #94 不和合性係無著於顯揚補入,世親納入百法,→#94)。Asg 定義(hetu-phala-pratyaya-samavadhāne sāmagrī iti prajñaptiḥ)揭示:hetu-phala-pratyaya-samavadhāna(因、果、緣之共同到來;samavadhāna = 「並置、共同到位」)為基底,sāmagrī(和合)為其假立名——非「使諸緣和合之力」,乃因/果/緣三極齊集此分位之假名。⭐ Asg 於此加入 pratyaya(緣)為第三極,構成因(hetu)/果(phala)/緣(pratyaya)三軸——為 #85–#93 中少數以三極而非二極(hetu-phala)立義之公式,標誌諸緣成熟之刹那。雜集論(T31.0701a10–13)以識之生起為例:識生需「根不壞、境界現前、作意正起」三緣同時集會——缺一即不生,三者齊備即和合假立成立。#93 ↔ #94 構成本 24 條詞族之最終對偶:和合 = 緣會,不和合 = 緣乖(→#94,bidirectional)。
南傳無「和合性」作為獨立 paññatti 法目(與 #94 同,不入《攝阿毘達磨義論》八種 paññatti 子類)。Pāli sāmaggī 主用於「僧和合」倫理語境(MN 104, AN 5.54, AN 6.12 等),非阿毘達磨因果論技術術語。瑜伽行派之技術窄化(「因果緣之並置匯聚」)是對此通用「和合」義的因果論語境轉移。#90–#92(方/時/數)三條有南北 paññatti/prajñapti 共識;#93/#94 無此結構平行——此為 #85–#94 詞族之南北架構分歧之終段(→#71 南北架構分歧)。
和合性作為 prajñapti 之修行涵義:行者體驗到「諸事終於聚合了」(修行深化、理解突破、因緣成熟)——此「和合」並非一「聚合之力」在運作,而是 hetu-phala-pratyaya 三極同時到達門限之分位假立名。認識和合為假立,即鬆動「有某力量讓我到達那個境界」之執取,留下諸緣成熟之自然配置。
「和合性」玄奘既譯。英譯 Conjunction-designation 較 concurrence 或 convergence 更明示因果論語境與 prajñapti 性格。
和合性 ——於因、果、緣之共同到來(hetu-phala-pratyaya-samavadhāna,sāmagrī;Asg 集論 prajñapti 列之末條,因/果/緣三極齊集)分位,假立「和合」之名;性為諸緣齊集之刹那配置(與 →#94 不和合性為 privative 對極),業為諸法生起之緣熟標示;非別有體,依色心分位差別之合成假立。
英綜述en-synthesis
sāmagrī derives from samagra "complete, whole, entire" (< sam- "together, all" + agra "front, foremost, best" → "having everything at the front" → "complete") + feminine suffix -ī. The semantic evolution: "all-at-the-front" → "totality" → "the conjunction of all necessary elements." Cognates of agra trace to PIE *h₂ek- "sharp, point" (Latin acies, English acute, acme) though this chain is not the defining feature of this entry. The Pāli cognate sāmaggī (standard Pāli phonological reduction from Skt sāmagrī) appears extensively in the sutta corpus in the ethical/communal sense — saṅgha-sāmaggī = concord of the Saṅgha.
sāmagrī is the twenty-third of the 24 cittaviprayukta-saṃskāra — and crucially, the last entry in Asg's Abhidharma-samuccaya prajñapti list (Abhidh-s 11 closes with *sāmagrī iti prajñaptiḥ // 0 //). #94 不和合性 is Asaṅga's own addition in 顯揚 and Vasubandhu's addition in 百法. Asg's definition (hetu-phala-pratyaya-samavadhāne sāmagrī iti prajñaptiḥ) is notable for adding pratyaya (condition/緣) as a third pole alongside hetu (cause/因) and phala (effect/果) — a hetu-phala-pratyaya triad rather than the hetu-phala dyad that frames most #85–#93 entries. The samavadhāna ("placing-together, co-present-arrival") names the moment when all three converge — which is precisely the condition for arising. sāmagrī thus designates not a "force of combination" (there is no such force) but the imputed name for the moment of causal maturation when conditions are simultaneously complete.
Pāli sāmaggī provides etymological continuity but occupies a different semantic register: concord of the Saṅgha (MN 104, AN 5.54, AN 6.12) rather than causal conjunction. The Yogācāra technical specialization narrows the general "togetherness" sense into a specific causal-ontological designation. There is no Abhidhammattha-saṅgaha list-position for sāmaggī as a paññatti subtype — unlike the preceding entries (#90/#91/#92), where N-S paññatti/prajñapti convergence was noted. For #93, the Theravāda connection is etymological and conceptual (緣起 doctrine shares the samavadhāna intuition), not structural. The dependent origination formula (idappaccayatā) provides the doctrinal backdrop for both traditions' understanding of "things arising through conjunction" — but only Yogācāra (following Sarvāstivāda) formalizes this into a distinct list-position.
sāmagrī names the moment practitioners often experience as "things coming together" — the condition where meditation deepens, where understanding crystallizes, where a project completes. The Yogācāra analysis dissolves the reification: there is no "force of conjunction" making things come together; what happened is that the relevant hetu-phala-pratyaya triad simultaneously arrived at the threshold (samavadhāna). The practitioner's insight: conjunctions are recognized in retrospect as the imputed name for causal maturation, not as an active force. 雜集論's example is directly practical: the arising of a moment of vijñāna requires (1) sense-organ intact, (2) object present, (3) manaskāra (attention) arising — when all three are simultaneously in place, the consciousness-moment arises. The "and" connecting them is sāmagrī.
Conjunction-designation (sāmagrī) — Of the simultaneous co-arrival (samavadhāna) of cause (hetu), effect (phala), and condition (pratyaya), [we apply] the designation "conjunction / concurrence" — imputed on the moment of causal maturation when all necessary elements are simultaneously in place, not as a combining force independent of those elements.
譯translator's note
譯者按: 本條為不相應行 #85–#94 prajñapti sub-詞族第九條(Asg 集論 prajñapti 列之最末),結構分析詳 S3-P12。Asg 以「hetu-phala-pratyaya-samavadhāna」(因/果/緣三極齊集)定義和合性,為 #85–#94 sub-block 少數含第三極 pratyaya(緣)之公式,構成「諸緣成熟刹那」之假立名;#94 不和合性為其 privative 對極——「緣乖」(pratyaya-virodha) = 三極不齊集(→#94,bidirectional)。