次第Sequence
不相應行第十九。於因果之逐一生起(*hetu-phala-ekatye pravṛttau*)分位中,假立「次第」之名——其體非實,乃色心分位之施設。此為 #85–#94 因果座標群之第五條:#85 假立相續不斷性,#86 假立差別性,#87 假立相稱性,#88 假立迅疾性,本條假立相續之逐一序列性——因果以「一個一個的方式」而非同時生起(→#85, →#88, →#93 和合性)。
漢zh · Xuanzang 譯
不相應行第十九。於因果之逐一生起(hetu-phala-ekatye pravṛttau)分位中,假立「次第」之名——其體非實,乃色心分位之施設。此為 #85–#94 因果座標群之第五條:#85 假立相續不斷性,#86 假立差別性,#87 假立相稱性,#88 假立迅疾性,本條假立相續之逐一序列性——因果以「一個一個的方式」而非同時生起(→#85, →#88, →#93 和合性)。
經
不相應行為論藏所立之分析範疇,於阿含、尼柯耶不作獨立法目。本條為普通 prajñapti,無 [共傳]/[大乘] 標準分判。
「次第」之現象學在修行教法中廣泛呈現——四沙門果(須陀洹→斯陀含→阿那含→阿羅漢)之修行次第,入滅盡定之「先滅身行,次滅口行,後滅意行」序列等,為次第性之重要現象的背景。《雜阿含經》卷二十九(經797)對四果之次第亦有描述,v0.1 引文待 CBETA 字元核校(俟終校,T-定位需確認)。此類教法背景為現象的描述,非獨立本體法立。
論
《顯揚聖教論》卷一(T31n1602, T31.0484b23–24):
次第者,謂諸行一一次第流轉性。
——「一一次第流轉性」精確翻譯 hetu-phala-ekatye pravṛttau 之核心:「以一個一個的方式流轉」(ekatya = 「individuation-by-one」,逐一性,非「統一性」)。顯揚補充「次第」一詞入譯,強調前後序列之意味。
⚠ In Review · 原始來源更正:初稿誤將此引文歸屬《大乘阿毘達磨雜集論》卷二。CBETA 字元核校確認:精確措辭匹配顯揚聖教論 T31n1602,而非 T31n1606。已更正為顯揚。
《大乘阿毘達磨雜集論》卷二(T31n1606, T31.0700c27–28)補充詮釋(此為獨立於《顯揚》之無著擴展說明,覆核時特別標注):
次第者,謂於因果一一流轉,假立次第。因果一一流轉者,謂不俱轉。
——「不俱轉」("they do not arise together simultaneously")是關鍵詞:anukrama 預設非同時生起——次第性之對立面為和合性(#93 sāmagrī,諸因緣之聚合)。#89 次第 = 因果之一個接一個;#93 和合性 = 因緣之同時聚合。此對立值得在 v2 entry 明確(→#93)。
《成唯識論》卷一(T31n1585, T31.0006b13–14):
執別有餘不相應行,准前理趣皆應遮止。
——同適於本條(→#71)。
按:顯揚之「一一次第流轉性」與雜集論之「不俱轉」補充,共同界定 anukrama 之義域:逐一序列性(非同時性)。ekatya(逐一)之「individuation-by-one」義,在顯揚以「一一」(逐一)體現,在雜集論以「不俱轉」(非同時)之反面界定體現——二者互補。
梵saṃskṛta
anukrama < anu-(隨、循、依)+ √kram(步、行、進)+ -a——「依次而行」「次第」。anu-(< 印歐祖語 *h₂enu,「隨、沿」)前綴強調「沿著某路徑」「依序」之義;√kram(步進、前行)之印歐祖語同源存疑,⚠️ v0.1 引印歐祖語 *(s)kerm-(步、跨)為可能連繫,不確定性保留,不延伸主張。
⚠ In Review · 句式析義:Asg 之 hetuphala-ekatye pravṛttau 中,ekatya 須讀為「individuation-by-one」(逐一性),非「unity」(統一性)——顯揚「一一次第流轉性」之「一一」確認此讀法。ekatya(< eka「一」+ -tya 抽象名詞詞尾)此處義為「一個一個地、逐一地」,而非「作為一個整體」。
《阿毘達磨集論》(無著,Pradhan 校本,Abhidh-s 10–11):
anukramaḥ katamaḥ / hetuphala-ekatye pravṛttau anukrama iti prajñaptiḥ //
何為次第?於因果之逐一生起(hetu-phala-ekatye pravṛttau,「以一個一個之方式生起」),稱為「次第」之假立。iti prajñaptiḥ 共同句式(→§R.1)。
按:anu-krama(「循步而行」)之構成完美契合其義理意涵:anu-「沿著、循著」→「循著前一步的方向繼續一步」,即次第之本義。雜集論「不俱轉」之詮釋在梵語層面對應 Asg 之 ekatye(在「一個一個」性之中),確立此條與 #93 和合性(諸緣聚合,samavadhāna)之對立(→#93)。
巴pāḷi
南傳無「次第」(anukrama 此義項)作為獨立心不相應行 paññatti 之列項。Pāli anukkama / anukkamena(副詞「漸次而、次第而」)在一般 dhamma-discourse 中廣泛使用(如「次第而行」之修行語境),但不以 abhidhammic 法目出現。「逐一序列」之現象學在南傳由緣起(paṭicca-samuppāda)之一般框架涵蓋,不另立獨立 paññatti。
按:Pāli anukkama / anukkamena 雖為常用語,但南傳未將「序列性」分析為獨立 paññatti——此與瑜伽行派建立 anukrama 為獨立假立條目之架構設計不同,同屬 #85–#94 群之南北一般性分歧(無南傳心不相應行列項)。
漢綜述zh-synthesis
「次第」之梵文 anukrama < anu-(隨、循、依;< 印歐祖語 *h₂enu-「隨、沿」)+ √kram(步、行、進)+ -a = 「依次而行」「循步前進」。anu- 前綴之「沿著某路徑」義為本條之核心:「次第」始終是「沿著前一步方向繼續的一步」,無路徑則無次第。√kram 之印歐祖語同源存疑(或與 *(s)kerm-「步、跨」有關),不確定性保留,不延伸主張。Pāli anukkama / anukkamena(副詞「漸次而、次第而」)為同根常用語。此為 #85–#94 動性類之第五條。
次第為 24 不相應行之第十九,動性類之第五條。《集論》定義(hetuphala-ekatye pravṛttau anukrama iti prajñaptiḥ)揭示:hetu-phala-ekatye pravṛttau(因果之「逐一生起」;ekatya = 「individuation-by-one」,逐一性,非「統一性」)為基底,anukrama(次第)為其假立名——顯揚「一一次第流轉性」確認此讀:「以一個一個的方式流轉」。⭐ 雜集論(T31.0700c27–28)補充關鍵詞:「不俱轉」(因果不同時生起)——次第性之對立面即和合性(#93 sāmagrī,諸緣同時聚合,→#93):次第 = 因果「一個接一個」;和合 = 因緣「同時聚合」,二者為有為法運行之互補面向。#85 假立相續不斷性,#88 假立迅疾性,本條假立相續之逐一序列性——非同時、而以序列性而成(→#85, →#88)。《成唯識論》「准前理趣皆應遮止」統括此群(→#71)。
南傳無「次第」(anukrama 此義項)作為獨立 paññatti 法目。Pāli anukkama / anukkamena 為通用副詞(「漸次」「逐步」),非阿毘達磨獨立法目;「逐一序列」之現象在南傳由緣起(paṭicca-samuppāda)之普通框架涵蓋(→#71 南北架構分歧)。
次第作為 prajñapti 之修行涵義:四沙門果(須陀洹→斯陀含→阿那含→阿羅漢)以序列性展開——此序列非超自然之「強制次第」,乃依因果流轉逐一展開之分位假立。行者信任次第而不執取「有某物規定次第」,即在假立之序列中輕鬆前行。
「次第」玄奘既譯。英譯 Sequence 簡明切義;succession 或 serial order 亦可,但前者已足。
次第 ——於因果之逐一生起(hetu-phala-ekatye pravṛttau,anukrama;非同時,「不俱轉」)分位,假立「次第」之名;性為因果「一個接一個」之序列性(與 →#93 和合性同時聚合相對),業為修行進程逐一展開之序列標示;非別有體,依色心分位差別之合成假立。
英綜述en-synthesis
anukrama is a compound of anu- "along, following" (PIE *h₂enu- "again, along") + √kram "to step, stride, advance" + -a. The PIE reconstruction for √kram is tentative — sometimes connected to *(s)kerm- "to step, stride," but the English cognate chain is not well established; this uncertainty is retained. The synchronic Sanskrit meaning is clear: "step-by-step progression," "succession." The prefix anu- carries the sense of "following along a path," which is semantically central: sequence is always sequence in a direction, following a prior step.
anukrama is the fifth dharma in the cause-effect coordinate group (#85–#94). Asg's formula grounds it in hetu-phala-ekatye pravṛttau — arising "in the oneness" (= individuation-by-one) of cause and effect. The Asg-Sthiramati commentary in 雜集論 glosses this explicitly: "cause and effect proceed one-at-a-time, not simultaneously (na saha pravarttante / 不俱轉)." This specifies that anukrama presupposes non-simultaneous arising — each cause produces its effect sequentially, not all at once. The contrast with #93 sāmagrī (和合性, "conjunction of conditions in assembly") is thereby implied: sāmagrī names the simultaneous assembly of conditions; anukrama names the one-by-one sequence of arising (→#93). Cheng Weishi Lun subsumes this entry under the blanket closing (T31.0006b13–14).
No Theravāda paññatti-list parallel. Pāli anukkama / anukkamena is a common adverbial expression in doctrinal prose ("step by step," "gradually") but is not a discrete Abhidhammic dharma. The sequential-arising phenomenon is handled within the general paṭicca-samuppāda framework without separate list-position. The Theravāda anupubbikathā (gradual teaching, lit. "step-by-step talk") preserves the anu-krama sense at the pedagogical level, but this is discourse-methodology, not a paññatti.
anukrama names the "one at a time" structure of the path. Four stages of awakening — sotāpatti, sakadāgāmī, anāgāmī, arahant — arise in sequence; the first stage cannot be skipped to reach the fourth. This is not a supernatural law but a designation for the sequential configuration of the cause-effect chain in contemplative development. The practitioner who trusts the sequencing without reifying it — who proceeds step by step while holding the steps lightly — is working within the designatable-but-not-substantial structure of anukrama. As Hua Yen implies (in v0.1's reference to non-sequential entry into a hair-pore of unlimited fields), the sequence is real at the level of practice-configuration (paratantra) and transparent at the level of ultimate reality (pariniṣpanna) — both without contradicting each other.
Sequence — positional designation upon the one-at-a-time arising of cause and effect (hetu-phala-ekatye pravṛttau): conditioned dharmas arise in succession, each preceding the next, not simultaneously. Without independent substance — the "before-and-after" structure is a designation for the sequential configuration of conditioned dharmas, not a principle imposing order from outside.
譯translator's note
譯者按: 結構分析詳 S3-P12。本條要義在 ekatya(逐一)之「individuation-by-one」義與「unity」義之分辨——雜集論「不俱轉」詮釋確立次第之對立面為和合(#93 sāmagrī,諸緣同時聚合);修行語境中「次第性真實而假立」之雙重性(于依他起層有次第,于圓成實層無實體次第),在阿含四果與華嚴法界之教法中均有表達(→#85, →#87, →#93)。