勢速Momentum
不相應行第十八。於因果之迅速生起(*hetu-phala-āśu-pravṛtti*)分位中,假立「勢速」之名——其體非實,乃色心分位之施設。此為 #85–#94 因果座標群之第四條:#85 假立相續之不斷性,#86 假立相續之差別性,#87 假立相稱性,本條假立諸行相續之迅疾性(→#85, →#86, →#87)。
漢zh · Xuanzang 譯
不相應行第十八。於因果之迅速生起(hetu-phala-āśu-pravṛtti)分位中,假立「勢速」之名——其體非實,乃色心分位之施設。此為 #85–#94 因果座標群之第四條:#85 假立相續之不斷性,#86 假立相續之差別性,#87 假立相稱性,本條假立諸行相續之迅疾性(→#85, →#86, →#87)。
經
不相應行為論藏所立之分析範疇,於阿含、尼柯耶不作獨立法目。本條為普通 prajñapti,無 [共傳]/[大乘] 標準分判(v0.1 之 [共傳]/[大乘] 引文缺乏經字元級核校之 T-定位,依 #71 典範省略,俟終校)。「迅疾」之現象學在阿含「剎那」「彈指頃」等喻心識速度之描述中有間接背景,然此類用法為教說譬喻,非獨立本體法立。
論
《顯揚聖教論》卷一(T31n1602, T31.0484b23):
勢速者,謂諸行流轉迅疾性。
——hetu-phala-āśu-pravṛtti 之漢語翻譯:「流轉迅疾性」——āśu(迅疾)修飾 pravṛtti(流轉/運行),複合為「因果之快速流轉性」。非有「使諸行迅疾之實體」,乃流轉之迅疾性分位之假名。
⚠ In Review · 原始來源更正:初稿誤將此引文歸屬《大乘阿毘達磨雜集論》卷二。CBETA 字元核校確認:精確措辭「諸行流轉迅疾性」匹配顯揚聖教論 T31n1602,而非 T31n1606。雜集論(T31n1606, T31.0700c26)之表述不同(「勢速者,謂於因果迅疾流轉,假立勢速」),已更正為顯揚。
《成唯識論》卷一(T31n1585, T31.0006b13–14):
執別有餘不相應行,准前理趣皆應遮止。
——同適於本條(→#71)。
按:「流轉迅疾性」之措辭呼應 #85「因果相續不斷性」——pravṛtti(流轉)為二條之共同主幹,前者加 prabandha-anupaccheda(相續不斷),本條加 āśu(迅疾)——從「不斷」到「迅疾」,是對同一因果流轉之不同面向之假立。
梵saṃskṛta
java < √jū(迅疾、速行)+ -a——「迅疾之態」「速」。
⚠ In Review · 拼寫更正:初稿標題與梵段使用 jāva(長音 ā),Asg 原典及 GRETIL(哥廷根大學印度語典電子文獻檔)均作 java(短音 a)。已更正。
√jū 之印歐祖語同源:可能與印歐祖語 *gʷyeh₃-(速、力)相關,但音韻對應路徑不確定;v0.1 正確標記為 ⚠️ 俟校,此不確定性保留,不延伸主張。
⭐ 語源關聯:java 與 Pāli javana(速行心;citta-vīthi 七速行剎那之「impulse-階段」)同詞根——同一詞根,在南傳與瑜伽行派中發展為截然不同之技術用法(見巴段)。
《阿毘達磨集論》(無著,Pradhan 校本,Abhidh-s 10–11):
javaḥ katamaḥ / hetuphala-āśu-pravṛttau java iti prajñaptiḥ //
何為勢速?於因果之迅速生起(hetu-phala-āśu-pravṛtti),稱為「勢速」之假立。iti prajñaptiḥ 共同句式(→§R.1)。
按:java(勢速,不相應行假立)與 javana(速行心,南傳 citta-vīthi)同詞根而類別全異——前者為因果層面之迅疾性假立,後者為認知過程七階段之第五至十一剎那之分類。同詞根在南北兩傳統中被技術化於完全不同之分析層次,此本身即南北架構差異之例示(→巴段)。
巴pāḷi
南傳無「勢速」(java 此義項)作為獨立心不相應行 paññatti 之列項。
然 Pāli javana(速行心;< java + -na 動名詞詞尾)在南傳論藏中為 citta-vīthi(心路過程)之核心技術術語——指認知過程中連續七個速行心剎那(Vism IV.124, XIV.121–124, XVII.140)。此七 javana 剎那為善業、惡業之生起之主要場所,「業力」主要在此階段累積。
⚠ In Review · 分判要點:南傳 javana 是心識分類學(citta-vīthi 過程階段),非 paññatti 列項;瑜伽行派 java(本條)是因果關係之迅疾性假立,非心識分類。同一詞根(√jū,迅疾),在兩傳統中被安置於完全不同之分析層次:一為認知過程之速行剎那,一為諸行因果流轉之迅疾性配置。不可混淆。
按:java* ↔ javana 之南北分歧是本批最清晰之「同詞根異層次」案例——兩傳統均保留「迅疾」之語義核心,但南傳將其安置於 citta-vīthi 系統(心路七速行),瑜伽行派將其安置於不相應行(因果迅疾性假立)。分析框架之不同決定了同一現象學被安置於哪一層次。*
漢綜述zh-synthesis
「勢速」之梵文 java < √jū(迅疾、速行)+ -a = 「迅疾之態」「速」。⚠️ 拼寫確認:java(短音 a),非 jāva(長音),Asg 原典及 GRETIL 均作 java。√jū 之印歐祖語同源:或與 *gʷyeh₃-(速、力)有關,但音韻對應路徑不確定,不延伸主張。⭐ 語源關聯:java 與 Pāli javana(速行心;citta-vīthi 七速行剎那之 impulse 階段)同詞根——同一 √jū 根,在南傳與瑜伽行派中分化為截然不同之技術用法(詳南北段)。此為 #85–#94 動性類之第四條。
勢速為 24 不相應行之第十八,動性類之第四條。《集論》定義(hetuphala-āśu-pravṛttau java iti prajñaptiḥ)揭示:hetu-phala-āśu-pravṛtti(因果之迅速生起;āśu「迅疾」修飾 pravṛtti「流轉/運行」)為基底,java(勢速)為其假立名——非「使諸行迅疾之實體」,乃流轉之迅疾性分位之假名。顯揚「流轉迅疾性」呼應 #85 流轉(→#85):pravṛtti(流轉)為二條之共同主幹,前者加 prabandha-anupaccheda(相續不斷),本條加 āśu(迅疾)——從「不斷」到「迅疾」,是對同一因果流轉之不同面向之假立。#85 假立相續不斷性,#86 假立差別性,#87 假立相稱性,本條假立諸行相續之迅疾性(→#85, →#86, →#87)。《成唯識論》「准前理趣皆應遮止」統括此群(→#71)。
南傳無「勢速」(java 此義項)作為獨立 paññatti 法目。Pāli javana(速行心)雖同詞根,但為 citta-vīthi(心路過程)之核心術語——連續七個速行心剎那(Vism IV.124)為善業、惡業生起之主要場所。⚠️ 分判要點:南傳 javana 是心識分類學(認知過程速行剎那),非 paññatti 列項;瑜伽行派 java 是因果關係之迅疾性假立,非心識分類。同一詞根(√jū,迅疾),在兩傳統中安置於完全不同之分析層次,不可混淆(→#71 南北架構分歧)。
勢速作為 prajñapti 之修行涵義:行者注意「心識太快而難以觀察」之感受——此迅疾並非有一力量在驅動,而是因果連續生起之迅疾性分位假立名。samādhi 之培養不「減慢」迅疾性,而是揭示其表象連續性之背後,原本即是快速生起滅去之假立配置。
「勢速」玄奘既譯。英譯 Momentum 較 swiftness 或 velocity 更切「因果流轉之持續動力性」;momentum 亦無實體化之誤導(無「動量守恆之物」)。
勢速 ——於因果之迅速生起(hetu-phala-āśu-pravṛtti,java)分位,假立「勢速」之名;性為諸行因果流轉之迅疾性,業為相續生起之急速動性標示;非別有體,依色心分位差別之合成假立。
英綜述en-synthesis
java derives from √jū "to be swift, to speed," with a possible connection to PIE *gʷyeh₃- "speed, force" — but the PIE link is tentative and the cognate chain to English is not firmly established; this uncertainty is retained. The synchronic Sanskrit derivation is secure: √jū + -a = "swiftness, momentum." The term appears in Pāli as both java (swiftness) and javana (the seven-moment "impulse" phase in the cognitive process), sharing a root while occupying completely different doctrinal categories in the two traditions.
java is the fourth dharma in the cause-effect coordinate group (#85–#94). Asg's formula grounds it in hetu-phala-āśu-pravṛtti — the swiftness of cause-effect arising. This designates the property of conditioned dharmas to arise quickly in cause-effect succession — not a force driving the speed, but a label for the configurational swiftness-property of the stream. Xianyang (顯揚) calques this as 「諸行流轉迅疾性」, connecting java explicitly to pravṛtti (flowing-onward, #85) modified by āśu (swift): the swift-flowing-onward of conditioned dharmas. Cheng Weishi Lun subsumes this entry under the blanket closing (「准前理趣皆應遮止」, T31.0006b13–14): whatever drives the swiftness is not a separate substance.
The Theravāda javana (Pāli cognate of java) occupies a very different position: it is the technical name for the seven "impulse" citta-moments in the cognitive process (citta-vīthi, Vism IV.124, XIV.121–124, XVII.140). These seven moments are where wholesome and unwholesome volitions primarily arise — the locus of karma-formation. This is a citta-classification within a cognitive-process model, not a paññatti designation for swiftness-property. No direct Theravāda paññatti parallel for the #88 sense.
The quality named by java — the swiftness of the arising stream — is what makes mind-watching feel like catching a waterfall with bare hands. The practitioner who turns attention toward arising finds it seemingly too fast to observe. This swiftness is not a substance resisting observation; it is a designatable property of the continuous arising-and-ceasing of conditioned dharmas. Slowing it through samādhi practice does not remove the swiftness-property; it reveals that the apparent solidity of the stream was always a designation on swift discrete arisings.
Momentum — positional designation upon the swiftness of cause-effect arising in conditioned dharmas (hetu-phala-āśu-pravṛtti). Without independent substance — the rapidity of the arising stream is a name for the swiftness-configuration of conditioned dharmas, not a force or entity driving that rapidity.
譯translator's note
譯者按: 結構分析詳 S3-P12。本條之語源關聯最為有趣:java(勢速,不相應行假立)與 Pāli javana(速行心,citta-vīthi 第五至十一剎那)同詞根而技術用法截然不同——前者假立諸行之迅疾性,後者描述認知過程之速行階段;同一「迅疾」現象學在兩傳統中被安置於不同分析層次(→#85 流轉,→#89 次第)。