No. 87
心不相應行法 · 不相應行二十四 · 第十七 · dissociated formations · dissociated formations #17/24

相應Correspondence

Yoga · (無南傳獨立對應)

不相應行第十七。於因果之相符順性(*hetu-phala-ānurūpya*)分位中,假立「相應」之名——其體非實,乃色心分位之施設。此為 #85–#94 因果座標群之第三條。

zh · Xuanzang 譯

不相應行第十七。於因果之相符順性hetu-phala-ānurūpya)分位中,假立「相應」之名——其體非實,乃色心分位之施設。此為 #85–#94 因果座標群之第三條。

⚠ In Review · 術語分判:本條之「相應」(yoga,「因果相稱性」)與另一「相應」(saṃprayoga,「心與心所相應」之意義,如心心所「同緣、同所、同時」之相應關係)在字形相同而義域全異:

  • 本條 #87(yoga · 心不相應行):因果相稱之假立——因之形式與果之形式相符順
  • 心所相應saṃprayoga · 心所(cetasika)各條):心與心所同緣、同所、同時之四相符合關係

此分判須在讀者初遇「相應」時明確提示(→#71 詞族框架)。

不相應行為論藏所立之分析範疇,於阿含、尼柯耶不作獨立法目。本條為普通 prajñapti,無 [共傳]/[大乘] 標準分判(v0.1 之 [共傳]/[大乘] 引文缺乏經字元級核校之 T-定位,依 #71 典範省略,俟終校)。「因果相稱」之現象學在「正見之人於正法相稱相應」之一般教義描述中有間接背景,然不構成獨立本體法立。

《顯揚聖教論》卷一(T31n1602, T31.0484b22–23):

相應者,謂諸行因果相稱性。

——hetu-phala-ānurūpya 之精確漢語翻譯:「因果相稱性」——ānurūpya(「相符、契合、相稱」,< anu-「隨、依」+ rūpa「形、相」+ -ya 抽象名詞詞尾;「隨形而符」)。非有「使因果相稱之實體」,乃因與果之形式契合性之假名。

⚠ In Review · 原始來源更正:初稿誤將此引文歸屬《大乘阿毘達磨雜集論》卷二。CBETA 字元核校確認:精確措辭「諸行因果相稱性」匹配顯揚聖教論 T31n1602,而非 T31n1606。雜集論(T31n1606, T31.0700c22–25)之表述不同(「相應者,謂於因果相稱假立相應……由如布施感富財等」),已更正為顯揚。

《成唯識論》卷一(T31n1585, T31.0006b13–14):

執別有餘不相應行,准前理趣皆應遮止。

——同適於本條:「相應」之因果相稱性,非別有之實體(→#71)。

按:顯揚「因果相稱性」之翻譯選擇——「相稱」對應 ānurūpya(隨形相符)——捕捉了因與果「形式上的相符契合」而非單純「配對」之義。saṃprayoga(心心所相應)與 yoga(因果相稱)之分判在漢語中以字形相同而義域截然不同,讀者須注意。

saṃskṛta

yoga < √yuj(連、結、合)+ -a——「連結」「合一」「相應」。印歐祖語 *yeug- / *yewg-(「軛、合」):同源網絡完整而豐富——

  • 拉丁 iungō / iugum(連、軛)→ 英文 junction, conjunction, juncture
  • 希臘 ζυγόν zugón(軛)→ 英文 zygote, zygomatic
  • 日耳曼系:古英 geoc → 英文 yoke(< PGm *juką

「軛」(牛之雙頸所共擔之木)為 ur-意象——兩物相連如軛之合配,此正 yoga 之原始象形。#87 之 yoga 為此根在阿毘達磨技術化語境中之一義:因果之「軛合」——因之形式與果之形式如二牛共軛般相符。

yoga 在印度傳統中有多義展開(修行體系 / 束縛 / 相應 / 合一),本條取其「因果相稱/相符」之義,為 Asg 技術化用法。瑜伽行派(瑜伽行派 · 唯識學派)之命名即出此根——「行於瑜伽(相應)者」。

《阿毘達磨集論》(無著,Pradhan 校本,Abhidh-s 10–11):

yogaḥ katamaḥ / hetuphala-ānurūpye yoga iti prajñaptiḥ //

何為相應?於因果之相符順性hetu-phala-ānurūpya),稱為「相應」之假立。iti prajñaptiḥ 共同句式(→§R.1)。

按:yoga* 之印歐祖語同源鏈(yewg-yoke / junction / zygote)為本 #85–#94 群中語源最豐富之條目。更重要的是語義辨別:Asg 此處之 yoga 僅為「因果之形式相符性」之假立,範圍遠窄於 yoga 在修行語境(修行瑜伽)或束縛語境(yoga 作「繫縛」)中之通用義;而 saṃprayoga(心心所相應)雖字源相同(sam- + pra- + yoga),義域亦全異。*

pāḷi

南傳無「相應」(yoga 此義項)作為獨立心不相應行 paññatti 之列項。Pāli yoga 極常用,但義域分散於多個語境:「修行」義(如 yoga-kkhema「離束縛之安隱」)、「束縛」義(如四 yoga:欲繫、有繫、見繫、無明繫),而非 Asg 所取之「因果相稱性」技術義。N/A for formal Pāli quote。

按:Pāli yoga 之「束縛」義(四 yoga 繫縛)與 #87 之「因果相稱」義,在字形上完全重合,義域卻截然不同——此正是不作 Pāli 逐字於巴段之原因,以免混淆兩義。功能對應之現象(因果相稱),在南傳由緣起教義之通用框架涵蓋,不另立獨立 paññatti。

漢綜述zh-synthesis

詞源

「相應」之梵文 yoga < √yuj(連、結、合)+ -a = 「連結」「合一」「相應」。印歐祖語 *yeug- / *yewg-(「軛、合」),為印歐語系豐富之同源詞幹群之一:拉丁 iungō / iugum(連、軛)→ 英文 junction, conjunction, juncture;希臘 ζυγόν zugón(軛)→ 英文 zygote, zygomatic;古英 geoc → 英文 yoke(< PGm *juką)。「軛」(雙牛共頸之木)為 ur-意象——兩物如二牛共軛般相連,此正 yoga 之原始象形,亦是本條「因果相稱」義之形象底層。⚠️ 術語分判(重要):本條 #87 yoga(「因果相稱性」,不相應行假立)與心所(cetasika)語境之 saṃprayoga(「心與心所相應」,同緣、同所、同時之四相符合)字源相同而義域全異——讀者須注意語境分辨。此為 #85–#94 動性類之第三條,因果座標群之第三。

義理

相應為 24 不相應行之第十七,動性類之第三條。《集論》定義(hetuphala-ānurūpye yoga iti prajñaptiḥ)揭示:hetu-phala-ānurūpya(因果之相符順性;ānurūpya < anu-「隨、依」+ rūpa「形、相」+ -ya = 「隨形相符」)為基底,yoga(相應)為其假立名——非「使因果相稱之實體」,乃因與果之形式契合性之假名。顯揚「因果相稱性」精準對應 ānurūpya:因之形式與果之形式如二牛共軛般相符——善根之因形與善果之形彼此契合,此非偶然而是形式上的「相應」。#85 流轉假立因果不斷性,#86 定異假立因果差別性,本條假立因果相稱性(→#85, →#86)——三條從不同維度描述因果關係。《成唯識論》「准前理趣皆應遮止」統括此群(→#71)。⭐ 值得注意:瑜伽行派(瑜伽行派 · 唯識學派)之命名即出 yoga 此根——「行於瑜伽(相應)者」——本條之技術化用法(因果相稱假立)為同根之阿毘達磨義,非修行體系義。

南北

南傳無「相應」(yoga 此義項)作為獨立 paññatti 列項。Pāli yoga 之常用義域分散:「修行」義(yoga-kkhema「離束縛之安隱」)、「束縛」義(四 yoga:欲繫、有繫、見繫、無明繫)——均非 Asg 所取之「因果相稱性」技術義。「因果相稱」之現象在南傳由緣起教義之普通框架涵蓋(→#71 南北架構分歧)。

修持

相應作為 prajñapti 之修行涵義:行者信任「mettā 修習有 mettā 型果報」,此信任之基礎是因果形式之相符契合性——認識此相符為假立而非外力,即鬆動「有某物維持業報對稱」之執取,留下諸行因果形式配置之自然顯現。

譯名

「相應」玄奘既譯。英譯 Correspondenceaccordanceconformity 更切「形式上的相符契合」之義;需注意與 saṃprayoga(心心所相應,concomitance)之術語分判。

相應 ——於因果之相符順性(hetu-phala-ānurūpyayoga)分位,假立「相應」之名;性為因之形式與果之形式相契合之對應性,業為「業力不亂」之形式相稱標示;非別有體,依色心分位差別之合成假立。

英綜述en-synthesis

Etymology

yoga derives from √yuj "to yoke, join, harness," from PIE *yeug- / *yewg- "to yoke." The cognate field is unusually rich: Latin iungō / iugum yields junction, conjunction, juncture, adjoin, subjugate; Greek zugón yields zygote, zygomatic, zeugma; Old English geoc (via PGm *juką) gives English yoke directly. The original image is the wooden bar laid across the necks of two draught animals — two things conjoined under one constraint. In Abhidharma technical usage, this narrows to one precise sense: the formal correspondence between cause-type and effect-type, as if cause and effect were "yoked" to each other.

Doctrinal frame

yoga is the third dharma in the cause-effect coordinate group (#85–#94). Asg's formula grounds it in hetu-phala-ānurūpya — the mutual fittingness / conformity of cause and effect. This designates the correspondence between the formal character of a cause and the formal character of its effect: the white-seed-cause of the white-flower-effect has a formal fittingness with that effect; generosity as cause has a formal fittingness with abundance as fruit. This is not a real connecting substance; it is a designation for the inherent configuration-correspondence. Cheng Weishi Lun covers this entry by extension (「准前理趣皆應遮止」, T31.0006b13–14): whatever enforces the correspondence cannot be found as a separate entity.

⚠ In Review · Critical terminological distinction. This yoga (#87, 心不相應行, "cause-effect correspondence") must not be confused with saṃprayoga (心心所相應, "mind-mental-factor concomitance"). The latter names the four-condition simultaneous association of citta with its caittas (same object, same basis, same time, same count); the former names the formal isomorphism of cause and effect across the karmic series. Same etymological root (yuj), wholly different doctrinal category.

Cross-tradition

No direct Theravāda paññatti parallel. Pāli yoga is a frequently used term, but its standard usages in Theravāda Abhidhamma are: (1) the four "yokes" (yoga as bondage — kāma / bhava / diṭṭhi / avijjā); (2) general discourse for "practice" (yoga-kkhema "freedom from bondage"). Neither corresponds to Asg's "cause-effect conformity" sense. The phenomenon is handled within the general paṭicca-samuppāda framework.

Practitioner's seam

yoga names the felt sense that causes and effects "fit" — that certain practices lead to certain fruits not by accident but by formal correspondence. The meditator who has seen the formal fittingness of cause and effect — that mettā practice yields mettā-like fruit precisely because of their formal correspondence — is recognizing yoga without reifying it. The designation captures the fittingness; the practice rests on it; the realization loosens it back into the configurations of which it is merely a name.

Translation

Correspondence — positional designation upon the formal conformity of cause and effect (hetu-phala-ānurūpya): cause-type and effect-type are formally matched, not arbitrarily paired. Without independent substance — the "matching" is a designation for the inherent configuration-correspondence of conditioned dharmas under karmic law, not an entity enforcing the match.

translator's note

譯者按: 結構分析詳 S3-P12。本條之核心在「相應」之術語辨別——yoga(因果相稱,本條)與 saṃprayoga(心心所相應,心所(cetasika)各條)在漢語字形相同而義域全異,讀者需注意語境(→#71 詞族,→#85 因果相續,→#86 因果各異);印歐祖語同源鏈(yewg-yoke / junction / zygote)為本批豐富之語源案例。