金光明最勝王經 長者子流水品第二十五 · 白話譯文

〔T16 0448c23〕
心要Essence

野生池快要乾了。一萬條魚被烈日曝曬,在所剩無幾的水中旋身婉轉,已經走到死門。牠們看見流水,便沿著岸跟隨他,目光一直不肯離開。

魚沒有開口。可是那不捨的目光,已把同一個問題交到流水手中:一個生命正要死去,救到哪裡才算救完?

流水先往四方找水。找不到,他折下大樹枝葉,替魚遮住烈日。這還沒有救完,所以他繼續追尋池水的來源。他找到水生河,也找到水被漁人決走的地方;但懸崖太深太險,即使百千人花三個月也難以修補。

他承認一個人辦不到,立刻回城向國王求助。國王給他二十頭大象,他又向酒家借來許多皮囊。父子盛水,象群負水送到池邊,池水重新充滿。

這時,救完了嗎?

流水繞池察看,魚群仍然循岸跟隨。他看見水救了牠們的渴,飢餓還在逼迫牠們。於是兩個兒子騎著最大力的象回家,把父母、妻與子、奴婢原有的食分全都帶來。流水把餅食遍撒池中,直到一萬條魚都得飽足。

這時,救完了嗎?

流水從施食發起另一個願:今天以食物使魚得命,未來還要以法食救濟無邊眾生。他想起曾聽聞的十二緣生,也想起寶髻如來的名號與本願。於是他親自走入池中,稱佛名,完整說出十二支如何相續生起,又依次說到無明止息,乃至老死與憂悲苦惱止息,最後再宣說相應陀羅尼。

故事沒有讓水代替食,也沒有讓食代替法。所謂救護,不是做過一件好事便可以離開,而是不拿已經付出的辛勞,遮住尚未解除的苦。

魚後來同時命終,生到三十三天。牠們自己回想得生的因緣:流水給過水,給過餅食,說過十二緣起與陀羅尼,也稱過寶髻如來名號。每一項都被記得,因為每一項都真實發生過。

一萬名天子回到人間報恩,在流水的面邊、足處、右脇、左脇各置一萬真珠瓔珞,又雨花、放光、奏樂。他們在國中處處雨下天蓮花,也回到原來的池中雨花。天亮以後,國王問起瑞相;流水沒有只要人相信自己的推想,而是請國王派使者和兩個兒子到池邊查驗。池中花朵成聚,魚已命終,所見與所報於是相合。

佛陀最後親自回答,什麼成了這一萬名天子得生、聽法、受記的因:以水濟魚、以食令飽、說十二緣起與相應陀羅尼、稱寶髻佛名。不是其中一項獨占了全部因緣;四項一同列在佛陀的結語中。

所以,一萬條魚,救到哪裡才算救完?

流水的回答不是一條抽象界線。他先救眼前即將乾死的生命,再看牠們仍受什麼苦;水到了,便看食物;食物到了,便把自己所聞的佛名與深法帶來。當自己一人做不到,他求王、借象、借皮囊;當瑞相出現,他又讓人回到池邊查驗。

那一眼不肯轉開的看見,把故事一步步推向前。起初,是魚的目光不捨流水;水滿之後,是流水繞池再看。大悲不是替眾生預先想好一個漂亮答案,而是讓眾生尚未解除的苦,繼續改變自己的下一步。

大眾聽完這段因緣,悟解要由大慈悲救護一切,勤修苦行,才能證得無上菩提。這也把池邊的問題留到我們面前:當一個生命的目光落在我們身上,我們會不會停在自己已經做過的事,還是願意再看一眼——此刻,還有什麼沒有抵達?

The Wild-Born Pond is almost dry. Ten thousand fish bake beneath the fierce sun, twisting in the little water that remains, already at the gate of death. When they see Flowing Water, they follow him along the shore and never take their eyes from him.

The fish cannot speak. Yet their unbroken gaze places one question in Flowing Water’s hands: when a life is about to die, how far must a rescue go before it is complete?

First Flowing Water searches the four directions for water. When he finds none, he breaks branches and leaves from a great tree to shelter the fish from the sun. This is not yet the end of the rescue, so he continues tracing the pond’s water to its source. He finds the River Water-Born and the place where fishermen diverted its current, but the cliff is so deep and dangerous that even hundreds of thousands of people working for three months could scarcely repair it.

He admits that one person cannot do it and immediately returns to the city to ask the king for help. The king gives him twenty elephants, and he borrows many leather bags from a wine shop. Father and sons fill the bags, the elephants carry the water to the pond, and the pond fills again.

Is the rescue now complete?

Flowing Water walks around the pond, but the fish continue to follow him along the bank. He sees that water has relieved their thirst while hunger still torments them. His two sons therefore ride the strongest elephant home and bring back all the household’s portions of food—the shares of parents, wife and children, and servants. Flowing Water scatters cakes throughout the pond until all ten thousand fish are full.

Is the rescue now complete?

From the gift of food, Flowing Water forms another vow: today food has kept the fish alive; in future lives he will also give the food of Dharma to sustain boundless beings. He remembers the teaching of the twelvefold dependent arising he once heard and the name and vow of Tathāgata Jeweled Topknot. He therefore enters the pond himself, invokes the buddha’s name, explains in full how the twelve links arise one after another, then how the cessation of ignorance leads successively to the cessation of old age and death, sorrow, lamentation, suffering, and distress. Finally, he proclaims the corresponding dhāraṇī.

The story does not allow water to substitute for food or food to substitute for Dharma. To protect and rescue is not to perform one good deed and leave. It is to refuse to let the labor already given conceal the suffering that remains unresolved.

The fish later die together and are born in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three. They themselves recall the causes of that birth: Flowing Water gave them water and cakes, taught the twelvefold dependent arising and the dhāraṇī, and invoked the name of Tathāgata Jeweled Topknot. Each act is remembered because each actually occurred.

The ten thousand divine princes return to the human world to repay his kindness. They place ten thousand pearl necklaces beside Flowing Water’s face, ten thousand at his feet, ten thousand on his right side, and ten thousand on his left. They rain down flowers, emit light, and play music. Throughout the kingdom they rain heavenly lotuses, and they also rain flowers upon their former pond. When the king asks about these signs at dawn, Flowing Water does not simply demand belief in his own inference. He asks the king to send messengers and his two sons back to the pond to verify it. The flowers lie there in heaps and the fish have died; what is seen now accords with what was reported.

At the end, the Buddha himself identifies what became the causes for these ten thousand divine princes to be born in heaven, hear the Dharma, and receive predictions: rescuing the fish with water, feeding them to fullness, teaching dependent arising and the corresponding dhāraṇī, and invoking the name of Buddha Jeweled Topknot. No one of the four monopolizes the whole causal account; all are named together in the Buddha’s conclusion.

When, then, is the rescue of ten thousand fish complete?

Flowing Water’s answer is not an abstract boundary. He first rescues lives about to die from a drying pond, then looks again to see what suffering remains. Once water arrives, he sees the need for food; once food arrives, he brings the buddha-name and profound Dharma he has heard. When he cannot act alone, he asks the king, borrows elephants, and borrows leather bags. When wondrous signs appear, he sends people back to verify them at the pond.

That gaze which will not turn away keeps moving the story forward. At first, the fish refuse to take their eyes from Flowing Water; after the pond is full, Flowing Water walks its shore and looks again. Great compassion does not invent an elegant answer for beings in advance. It allows their still-unrelieved suffering to keep changing the next step.

After hearing these causes and conditions, the assembly understands that only by rescuing and protecting all through great compassion and diligently cultivating arduous practices can unsurpassed awakening be realized. This leaves the question from the pond before us as well. When a life looks toward us, will we stop with what we have already done, or look once more and ask: what has still not arrived?

原典Canonical · verbatim

唐義淨譯《金光明最勝王經》卷九〈長者子流水品第二十五〉· 大正藏 T16n0665〔起 T16 0448c23〕。段/行首〔T16 …〕=大正藏頁·欄·行錨。

〔T16 0448c23〕爾時,佛告菩提樹神:「善女天!爾時長者子流水,於往昔時,在天自在光王國內,療諸眾生所有病苦,令得平復,受安隱樂。時諸眾生以病除故,多修福業,廣行惠施,以自歡娛。即共往詣長者子所,咸生尊敬,作如是言:『善哉!善哉!大長者子!善能滋長福德之事,增益我等安隱壽命,仁今實是大力醫王慈悲菩薩,妙閑醫藥,善療眾生無量病苦。』如是稱歎周遍城邑。 〔T16 0449a02〕「善女天!時長者子妻名水肩藏,有其二子,一名水滿;二名水藏。是時流水將其二子,漸次遊行城邑聚落,過空澤中深險之處,見諸禽獸豺狼狐玃鵰鷲之屬食血肉者,皆悉奔飛一向而去。時長者子作如是念:『此諸禽獸何因緣故,一向飛走?我當隨後暫往觀之。』即便隨去,見有大池,名曰野生,其水將盡,於此池中多有眾魚。流水見已,生大悲心。時有樹神示現半身,作如是語:『善哉!善哉!善男子!汝有實義名流水者,可愍此魚,應與其水。有二因緣,名為流水:一能流水,二能與水。汝今應當隨名而作。』是時流水問樹神言:『此魚頭數為有幾何?』樹神答曰:『數滿十千。』 「善女天!時長者子聞是數已,倍益悲心。時此大池為日所曝,餘水無幾,是十千魚將入死門,旋身婉轉,見是長者心有所悕,隨逐瞻視,目未曾捨。時長者子,見是事已,馳趣四方,欲覓於水,竟不能得。復望一邊見有大樹,即便昇上折取枝葉為作蔭涼。復更推求,是池中水從何處來?尋覓不已,見一大河,名曰水生,時此河邊有諸漁人為取魚故,於河上流懸險之處,決棄其水,不令下過,於所決處,卒難修補。便作是念:『此崖深峻,設百千人,時經三月亦未能斷,況我一身而堪濟辦?』時長者子速還本城,至大王所,頭面禮足,却住一面,合掌恭敬作如是言:『我為大王國土人民,治種種病,悉令安隱,漸次遊行至其空澤,見有一池,名曰野生,其水欲涸,有十千魚為日所曝,將死不久,惟願大王慈悲愍念,與二十大象暫往負水,濟彼魚命,如我與諸病人壽命。』爾時大王即勅大臣,速疾與此醫王大象。時彼大臣,奉王勅已,白長者子:『善哉大士!仁今自可至象廐中,隨意選取二十大象,利益眾生,令得安樂。』是時流水及其二子,將二十大象,又從酒家多借皮囊,往決水處,以囊盛水,象負至池,瀉置池中,水即彌滿,還復如故。 「善女天!時長者子,於池四邊周旋而視,時彼眾魚亦復隨逐循岸而行。時長者子復作是念:『眾魚何故隨我而行?必為飢火之所惱逼,復欲從我求索於食,我今當與。』爾時長者子流水告其子言:『汝取一象最大力者,速至家中啟父長者,家中所有可食之物,乃至父母食噉之分,及以妻子奴婢之分,悉皆收取,即可持來。』爾時二子受父教已,乘最大象速往家中,至祖父所,說如上事。收取家中可食之物,置於象上,疾還父所,至彼池邊。是時流水見其子來,身心喜躍,遂取餅食遍散池中,魚得食已,悉皆飽足。便作是念:『我今施食令魚得命,願於來世當施法食充濟無邊。』復更思惟:『我先曾於空閑林處,見一苾芻讀大乘經,說十二緣生甚深法要。又經中說:「若有眾生臨命終時,得聞寶髻如來名者,即生天上。」我今當為是十千魚演說甚深十二緣起,亦當稱說寶髻佛名。然贍部洲有二種人,一者、深信大乘,二者、不信毀呰,亦當為彼增長信心。』時長者子作如是念:『我入池中,可為眾魚說深妙法。』作是念已,即便入水唱言:『南謨過去寶髻如來、應、正遍知、明行足、善逝、世間解、無上士、調御丈夫、天人師、佛、世尊。此佛往昔修菩薩行時,作是誓願:「於十方界所有眾生,臨命終時聞我名者,命終之後,得生三十三天。」』爾時流水復為池魚演說如是甚深妙法:『此有故彼有,此生故彼生,所謂無明緣行,行緣識,識緣名色,名色緣六處,六處緣觸,觸緣受,受緣愛,愛緣取,取緣有,有緣生,生緣老死憂悲苦惱。此滅故彼滅,所謂無明滅則行滅,行滅則識滅,識滅則名色滅,名色滅則六處滅,六處滅則觸滅,觸滅則受滅,受滅則愛滅,愛滅則取滅,取滅則有滅,有滅則生滅,生滅則老死滅,老死滅則憂悲苦惱滅,如是純極苦蘊悉皆除滅。』說是法已,復為宣說十二緣起相應陀羅尼曰: 「『怛姪他 毘折儞 毘折儞 毘折儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞莎訶 怛姪他 那弭儞那弭儞 那弭儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞莎訶 怛姪他 薜達儞 薜達儞 薜達儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 莎訶 怛姪他 婆毘儞婆毘儞 婆毘儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞莎訶』」 〔T16 0450a04〕爾時,世尊為諸大眾說長者子昔緣之時,諸人天眾歎未曾有。時四大天王各於其處,異口同音作如是說:   「善哉釋迦尊,說妙法明呪;
  生福除眾惡,十二支相應。
  我等亦說呪,擁護如是法。
  若有生違逆,不善隨順者,
  頭破作七分,猶如蘭香梢。
  我等於佛前,共說其呪曰:
「怛姪他 呬里謎 揭睇健 陀哩 旃荼哩地囇 騷伐囇 石呬伐囇 補囉布囇矩矩末底 崎囉末底 達地目契 窶嚕婆 母嚕婆 具荼母嚕健提 杜嚕杜嚕 毘囇 醫泥悉悉泥沓〔徒洽,下同〕婫達沓婫 鄔悉怛哩 烏率吒囉伐底 頞剌娑伐底鉢杜摩伐底 俱蘇摩伐底 莎訶」 佛告善女天:「爾時長者子流水及其二子,為彼池魚施水施食,并說法已,俱共還家。是長者子流水,復於後時因有聚會,設眾伎樂,醉酒而臥。時十千魚同時命過,生三十三天,起如是念:『我等以何善業因緣生此天中?』便相謂曰:『我等先於贍部洲內,墮傍生中,共受魚身,長者子流水施我等水及以餅食,復為我等說甚深法十二緣起及陀羅尼,復稱寶髻如來名號,以是因緣,能令我等得生此天。是故我今咸應詣彼長者子所,報恩供養。』爾時十千天子即於天沒,至贍部洲大醫王所。時長者子在高樓上安隱而睡,時十千天子共以十千真珠瓔珞置其面邊,復以十千置其足處,復以十千置於右脇,復以十千置左脇邊,雨曼陀羅花、摩訶曼陀羅花,積至于膝,光明普照,種種天樂出妙音聲,令贍部洲有睡眠者皆悉覺悟,長者子流水亦從睡寤。是時十千天子為供養已,即於空中飛騰而去,於天自在光王國內,處處皆雨天妙蓮花,是諸天子復至本處,空澤池中雨眾天花,便於此沒,還天宮殿,隨意自在,受五欲樂。 「天自在光王至天曉已,問諸大臣:『昨夜何緣忽現如是希有瑞相,放大光明?』大臣答言:『大王當知!有諸天眾於長者子流水家中,雨四十千真珠瓔珞及天曼陀羅花,積至于膝。』王告臣曰:『詣長者家,喚取其子。』大臣受勅,即至其家,奉宣王命,喚長者子。時長者子即至王所。王曰:『何緣昨夜示現如是希有瑞相?』長者子言:『如我思惟,定應是彼池內眾魚,如經所說,命終之後得生三十三天,彼來報恩,故現如是希奇之相。』王曰:『何以得知?』流水答言:『王可遣使,并我二子,往彼池所驗其虛實,彼十千魚為死為活?』王聞是語,即便遣使及子向彼池邊,見其池中多有曼陀羅花,積成大聚,諸魚並死,見已馳還為王廣說。王聞是已,心生歡喜,歎未曾有。」 爾時,佛告菩提樹神:「善女天!汝今當知昔時長者子流水者,即我身是;持水長者即妙幢是;彼之二子,長子水滿即銀幢是,次子水藏即銀光是;彼天自在光王者,即汝菩提樹神是;十千魚者即十千天子是。因我往昔以水濟魚,與食令飽,為說甚深十二緣起,并此相應陀羅尼呪,又為稱彼寶髻佛名,因此善根得生天上,今來我所,歡喜聽法。我皆當為授於阿耨多羅三藐三菩提記,說其名號。善女天!如我往昔於生死中,輪迴諸有,廣為利益,今無量眾生悉令次第成無上覺,與其授記,汝等皆應勤求出離,勿為放逸。」 爾時大眾聞說是已,悉皆悟解,由大慈悲救護一切,勤修苦行,方能證獲無上菩提,咸發深心,信受歡喜。

The canonical text stands in Chinese only. This edition renders the essence, the plain reading, the exposition and the apparatus into English — never the sūtra itself. Switch to 漢讀本 or 並行雙語 above to read it.

白話Plain reading

本譯依義淨本逐段展開。人名、佛號、十二緣起次第與各項供養都逐一保留;兩段陀羅尼照底本原字移錄,不作義譯或正字化。


治病之後,流水走入空澤

那時,佛陀告訴菩提樹神善女天:

『善女天!在往昔天自在光王的國中,長者子流水為眾生治療各種病苦,使他們恢復健康,得到安穩快樂。眾生的疾病消除以後,多多修習福業,廣行布施,心中歡喜。他們一同來到流水面前,都生起尊敬,讚歎他說:

『善哉!善哉!大長者子!你很能滋長福德之事,增益我們安穩的生活與壽命。你確實是一位有大能力的醫王,也是一位慈悲的菩薩;你精通醫藥,善於治療眾生無量的病苦。

『這樣的讚歎傳遍了城邑。

『善女天!長者子的妻子名叫水肩藏。他有兩個兒子,長子名叫水滿,次子名叫水藏。那時,流水帶著兩個兒子,依次遊歷城邑聚落,經過一片深險的空曠荒地。他們看見豺狼、狐、玃、鵰、鷲等以血肉為食的禽獸,全都朝同一個方向奔跑飛去。

『流水心想:這些禽獸為什麼都往同一個方向飛奔?我應當跟在後面,暫且去看看。

『他隨後追去,看見一座名叫野生的大池。池水將要乾盡,池中有許多魚。流水一看見,便生起大悲心。這時,有一位樹神現出半身,對他說:

『善哉!善哉!善男子!你名叫流水,這個名字具有真實的意義。你應當憐愍這些魚,給牠們水。名為流水有兩項因緣:第一是能使水流來,第二是能把水給與眾生。你現在應當依照自己的名字去做。

『流水問樹神:這些魚一共有多少?

『樹神回答:整整一萬條。』

先遮烈日,再追尋水源

佛陀接著說:

『善女天!流水聽見魚有一萬條,悲心更加深切。大池被烈日曝曬,只剩下很少的水;這一萬條魚就要進入死門,在淺水中迴旋翻轉。牠們看見流水,心中希望得到他的救助,便隨著他轉動,抬眼望著他,目光從未離開。

『流水看見這種情形,便奔向四方找水,終究找不到。他又望見一旁有一棵大樹,就爬上樹,折下枝葉,為魚遮出一片蔭涼。

『他再進一步追查:這座池的水原本從哪裡流來?他不停尋找,終於看見一條名叫水生的大河。河邊有一些漁人,為了捕魚,在上游懸崖險峻的地方決開水道,把水引向別處,不讓河水向池中流去。那處缺口很難修補。流水心想:

『這座山崖既深又陡,即使百千人耗時三個月也修不好,何況只有我一個人,怎能辦成?

『流水立刻趕回本城,來到國王面前,以頭面禮王足,退立一旁,合掌恭敬地說:

『我曾為大王國土內的人民治療種種疾病,使他們都得到安穩。我逐處遊行,到了空曠荒地,看見一座名叫野生的池。池水快要乾涸,一萬條魚被烈日曝曬,不久就要死亡。懇請大王慈悲憐念,暫時借給我二十頭大象運水,救活那些魚,就像我曾把壽命帶給病人一樣。

『國王立刻命令大臣,趕快把大象交給這位醫王。大臣奉命後對流水說:

『善哉,大士!你現在可以親自到象廄,隨意選取二十頭大象,用來利益眾生,使牠們得到安樂。

『流水和兩個兒子帶著二十頭大象,又向酒家借來許多皮囊。他們到決水之處,用皮囊盛水,讓象背負到池邊,再把水倒進池裡。池水於是重新充滿,恢復原來的樣子。』

從施食發願,到稱佛說法

佛陀又說:

『善女天!流水繞著池的四邊察看,魚群也沿岸跟隨著他。流水心想:這些魚為什麼跟著我走?一定是飢餓如火,使牠們痛苦逼迫,還想向我求取食物;我現在應當給牠們食物。

『流水對兒子說:你們選一頭力氣最大的象,趕快回家稟告祖父。家中凡是可以吃的東西,包括父母的食分,以及妻與子、奴婢的食分,全都收集起來,立刻帶到這裡。

『兩個兒子聽從父親的吩咐,乘著最大的大象迅速回家。他們來到祖父面前,把事情始末說清楚;接著收取家中所有可吃的食物,放在象背上,趕回父親身邊,來到池畔。

『流水看見兒子回來,身心歡喜踊躍。他取下餅食,遍撒池中。魚群吃到食物,全都飽足。流水於是心想:我現在施食,使這些魚保住生命;願我在未來世能施與法食,救濟無量無邊的眾生。

『他又想起:我從前曾在寂靜的林中,看見一位苾芻讀誦大乘經,宣說十二緣生的甚深法要。經中又說,如果眾生臨命終時得聞寶髻如來的名號,命終以後便能生到天上。我現在應當為這一萬條魚演說甚深的十二緣起,也應當稱說寶髻佛的名號。贍部洲有兩種人:第一種深信大乘,第二種不信而且毀謗;我也應當為這兩種人增長信心。

『流水又想:我可以走進池水,為魚群宣說深妙之法。

『他這樣想過,便走入水中,高聲稱念:

『南謨過去寶髻如來、應、正遍知、明行足、善逝、世間解、無上士、調御丈夫、天人師、佛、世尊。這尊佛往昔修菩薩行時曾經發願:十方世界所有眾生,臨命終時如果聽見我的名號,命終之後,都能生到三十三天。』

十二緣起的流轉與止息

流水接著為池魚宣說甚深妙法:

『因為有這個,所以有那個;因為這個生起,所以那個生起。也就是:以無明為緣而有行,以行為緣而有識,以識為緣而有名色,以名色為緣而有六處,以六處為緣而有觸,以觸為緣而有受,以受為緣而有愛,以愛為緣而有取,以取為緣而有『有』,以『有』為緣而有生,以生為緣而有老死;由老死而生起憂、悲、苦、惱。

『因為這個止息,所以那個止息。也就是:無明止息,行便止息;行止息,識便止息;識止息,名色便止息;名色止息,六處便止息;六處止息,觸便止息;觸止息,受便止息;受止息,愛便止息;愛止息,取便止息;取止息,有便止息;有止息,生便止息;生止息,老死便止息;老死止息,憂、悲、苦、惱便止息。這樣,整個純粹而極重的苦蘊全都止息。』

說完這段法,流水又為魚群宣說與十二緣起相應的陀羅尼。陀羅尼照原音移錄如下:

「『怛姪他 毘折儞 毘折儞 毘折儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞莎訶 怛姪他 那弭儞那弭儞 那弭儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞莎訶 怛姪他 薜達儞 薜達儞 薜達儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 莎訶 怛姪他 婆毘儞婆毘儞 婆毘儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞莎訶』」

四大天王的三首偈與護法呪

世尊向大眾說這段長者子的往昔因緣時,在場的人眾與天眾都讚歎從未有過。四大天王各自在所在之處,同聲說出三首偈頌:

善哉,釋迦世尊!祂宣說微妙的法明呪,能生福德、除去眾惡,與十二支相應。

我們也要宣說陀羅尼,擁護這一法門;如果有人心生違逆,不能善加隨順——

他的頭將破作七分,如同蘭香的枝梢。我們現在就在佛陀面前,共同宣說這道陀羅尼:

「怛姪他 呬里謎 揭睇健 陀哩 旃荼哩地囇 騷伐囇 石呬伐囇 補囉布囇矩矩末底 崎囉末底 達地目契 窶嚕婆 母嚕婆 具荼母嚕健提 杜嚕杜嚕 毘囇 醫泥悉悉泥沓〔徒洽,下同〕婫達沓婫 鄔悉怛哩 烏率吒囉伐底 頞剌娑伐底鉢杜摩伐底 俱蘇摩伐底 莎訶」

一萬條魚生天,回到人間報恩

佛陀告訴善女天:

『那時,流水和兩個兒子為池魚施水、施食、說法以後,一同回家。後來有一次聚會,眾人安排各種音樂歌舞,流水喝醉了酒,躺下睡眠。就在這時,一萬條魚同時命終,生到三十三天。

『牠們成為天子以後,心想:我們以什麼善業因緣生到天上?彼此便說:我們從前在贍部洲墮入傍生一道,一同受魚身。長者子流水給我們水和餅食,又為我們宣說甚深的十二緣起與陀羅尼,還稱念寶髻如來的名號。由於這些因緣,我們才能生到天上。因此,我們現在都應前往長者子那裡,報恩供養。

『一萬名天子隨即從天上隱沒,來到贍部洲的大醫王流水住處。流水正在高樓上安穩熟睡。他們取一萬串真珠瓔珞放在他的面邊,再取一萬串放在他的足處,再取一萬串放在他的右脇,又取一萬串放在他的左脇邊;接著降下曼陀羅花與摩訶曼陀羅花,堆積到膝那麼高。光明遍照,種種天樂發出美妙聲音,使贍部洲所有睡眠的人全都醒來,流水也從睡夢中醒來。

『一萬名天子供養完畢,便飛上空中離去。他們又在天自在光王的國內處處降下微妙天蓮花,隨後回到原來的空澤池,在池中降下許多天花。事情完成後,他們從池邊隱沒,回到天宮,隨意自在地享受五欲之樂。』

國王查問瑞相

佛陀又說:

『天亮以後,天自在光王問大臣:昨夜為什麼忽然出現這樣稀有的瑞相,放出大光明?

『大臣回答:大王應當知道,有天眾在長者子流水家中降下四萬串真珠瓔珞,又降下天上的曼陀羅花,堆積到膝那麼高。

『國王命令大臣到長者家,把他的兒子召來。大臣奉命來到流水家,宣達王命。流水隨即進宮。國王問他:昨夜為什麼出現這樣稀有的瑞相?

『流水回答:依我推想,一定是那座池裡的魚。正如經中所說,牠們命終後生到三十三天,現在回來報恩,所以顯現這些奇異的瑞相。

『國王問:你怎麼知道?

『流水回答:大王可以派遣使者,連同我的兩個兒子,一起到池邊查驗事實,看看那一萬條魚究竟是死是活。

『國王聽了,便派使者與流水的兩個兒子前往池邊。他們看見池中有許多曼陀羅花,堆成一大堆;所有的魚都已死去。他們立刻趕回,向國王詳細報告。國王聽後心生歡喜,讚歎這是從未有過的事。』

佛陀結會古今,說明受記因緣

那時,佛陀又告訴菩提樹神:

『善女天!你現在應當知道:往昔的長者子流水,就是我;持水長者,就是妙幢;他的兩個兒子之中,長子水滿就是銀幢,次子水藏就是銀光;當時的天自在光王,就是你菩提樹神;那一萬條魚,就是現在的一萬名天子。

『因為我往昔以水救濟魚群,給牠們食物,使牠們飽足;又為牠們宣說甚深十二緣起與相應陀羅尼呪,並且稱念寶髻佛的名號。由這些善根,牠們得以生到天上;如今又來到我這裡,歡喜聽法。我將為他們授予無上正等正覺之記,說出他們未來成佛的名號。

『善女天!我往昔在生死中輪迴於各種生命形態,廣泛利益眾生;如今,我也使無量眾生依其次第成就無上覺悟,為他們授記。你們都應當勤求出離,不要放逸。』

大眾聽完這段話,全都明白:要由大慈悲救護一切,勤修苦行,才能證得無上菩提。他們都發起深切之心,信受歡喜。

This rendering follows Yijing’s recension passage by passage. Every personal name, buddha-name, link in the twelvefold dependent arising, and item of offering is preserved. Both dhāraṇīs reproduce the exact graphs of the base text without semantic translation or regularization.


After Treating Illness, Flowing Water Enters the Wilderness

At that time, the Buddha told the good goddess, the deity of the bodhi tree:

“Good goddess, long ago, in the realm of King Light of Divine Mastery, the merchant’s son Flowing Water treated the many illnesses of sentient beings, restoring their health and bringing them secure happiness. Once their illnesses had been removed, the people cultivated many meritorious deeds, practiced generosity widely, and rejoiced. Together they went to Flowing Water, gave rise to reverence, and praised him:

“‘Excellent, excellent, great merchant’s son! You skillfully foster meritorious deeds and increase our security and lifespans. You truly are a powerful king of physicians and a compassionate bodhisattva. You have mastered medicine and skillfully treat the measureless illnesses of sentient beings.’

“This praise spread throughout the cities and towns.

“Good goddess, the merchant’s son’s wife was named Water-Shoulder Treasury. They had two sons: the elder was named Water-Full and the younger Water-Treasury. At that time, Flowing Water took his two sons and traveled successively through cities and villages. While crossing a deep and dangerous wilderness, they saw jackals, foxes, monkeys, eagles, vultures, and other birds and beasts that fed on flesh and blood all running and flying in the same direction.

“Flowing Water thought: ‘Why are all these birds and beasts running and flying in one direction? I should follow them for a little while and see.’

“Following after them, he saw a great pond called Wild-Born. Its water was nearly exhausted, and many fish remained within it. The sight caused him to give rise to great compassion. A tree deity then appeared with half her body visible and said:

“‘Excellent, excellent, good man! Your name Flowing Water possesses true meaning. Take pity on these fish and give them water. There are two causes for the name Flowing Water: first, being able to make water flow; second, being able to give water. You should now act in accord with your name.’

“Flowing Water asked the tree deity: ‘How many fish are there altogether?’

“The deity answered: ‘Exactly ten thousand.’”

First Shield Them from the Fierce Sun, Then Trace the Water to Its Source

The Buddha continued:

“Good goddess, when Flowing Water heard that there were ten thousand fish, his compassion deepened. The great pond was exposed to the sun and very little water remained. The ten thousand fish were about to enter the gate of death, turning and twisting in the shallows. On seeing the merchant’s son, they formed a hope, followed his movements, and stared without ever taking their eyes from him.

“When Flowing Water saw this, he ran in all four directions looking for water but found none. Then he noticed a great tree to one side. He climbed it and broke off branches and leaves to make shade for the fish.

“He continued investigating: where had the pond’s water originally come from? Searching without pause, he found a great river named Water-Born. Beside it, fishermen wishing to catch fish had diverted the current at a dangerous precipice upstream, preventing the water from passing down to the pond. The breach was extremely difficult to repair. Flowing Water thought:

“‘This cliff is deep and steep. Even a hundred thousand people working for three months could not repair it. How could I alone accomplish it?’

“Flowing Water immediately hurried back to the city. He went before the king, bowed his head at the king’s feet, withdrew to one side, joined his palms reverently, and said:

“‘I have treated many illnesses among the people of your realm and brought them security. While traveling from place to place, I reached the wilderness and saw a pond called Wild-Born. Its water is almost dry. Ten thousand fish are being scorched by the sun and will soon die. I only ask the great king compassionately to lend me twenty elephants for a short time to carry water and save the fishes’ lives, just as I once gave life to the sick.’

“The king immediately ordered a minister to provide elephants to the king of physicians without delay. After receiving the order, the minister told Flowing Water:

“‘Excellent, great being! You may now go personally to the elephant stable and select twenty elephants as you please, using them to benefit sentient beings and bring them peace and happiness.’

“Flowing Water and his two sons took twenty elephants and borrowed many leather bags from a wine shop. They went to the place where the water had been diverted, filled the bags, loaded them on the elephants, carried them to the pond, and emptied the water there. The pond immediately filled and returned to its former state.”

From the Gift of Food and a Vow to Invoking the Buddha and Teaching the Dharma

The Buddha spoke again:

“Good goddess, Flowing Water walked around all four sides of the pond to inspect it, and the fish followed him along the shore. He thought: ‘Why do these fish keep following me? They must be tormented by the fire of hunger and wish to ask me for food as well. I should give it to them now.’

“Flowing Water told his sons: ‘Choose the strongest elephant and hurry home to tell your grandfather. Collect every edible thing in the household, including the portions belonging to your grandparents, your mother and yourselves, and the servants. Bring everything here at once.’

“The two sons accepted their father’s instruction, mounted the strongest elephant, and hurried home. They went to their grandfather, explained everything that had happened, gathered every edible thing in the house, loaded it on the elephant, and rushed back to their father at the pond.

“When Flowing Water saw his sons return, he rejoiced in body and mind. He took the cakes and scattered them throughout the pond. After eating, all the fish were full. He then thought: ‘By giving food now, I have kept these fish alive. May I in future lives give the food of Dharma and sustain boundless beings.’

“He reflected further: ‘Once, in a quiet forest, I saw a bhikṣu reading a Great Vehicle sūtra and teaching the profound essentials of the twelvefold dependent arising. The sūtra also said that if a sentient being near death hears the name of Tathāgata Jeweled Topknot, that being will be born in heaven after death. I should now teach these ten thousand fish the profound twelvefold dependent arising and invoke the name of Buddha Jeweled Topknot. There are two kinds of people in Jambudvīpa: those who deeply believe in the Great Vehicle and those who disbelieve and disparage it. I should increase the faith of both.’

“Flowing Water thought again: ‘I can enter the pond and teach the fish this profound and wondrous Dharma.’

“After thinking this, he entered the water and proclaimed aloud:

“‘Homage to the past Tathāgata Jeweled Topknot, Worthy of Offerings, Completely Awakened, Perfect in Knowledge and Conduct, Well-Gone, Knower of the World, Unsurpassed Person, Trainer of Persons, Teacher of Gods and Humans, Buddha, World-Honored One. While practicing as a bodhisattva in the past, this buddha vowed: “If any sentient being in the worlds of the ten directions hears my name near death, after death that being will be born in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.”’”

The Arising and Cessation of the Twelvefold Dependent Arising

Flowing Water next taught the fish this profound and wondrous Dharma:

“Because this exists, that exists; because this arises, that arises. That is: with ignorance as condition, formations; with formations as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, name-and-form; with name-and-form as condition, the six sense fields; with the six sense fields as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, grasping; with grasping as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, old age and death; and from old age and death arise sorrow, lamentation, suffering, and distress.

“Because this ceases, that ceases. That is: with the cessation of ignorance, formations cease; with the cessation of formations, consciousness ceases; with the cessation of consciousness, name-and-form ceases; with the cessation of name-and-form, the six sense fields cease; with the cessation of the six sense fields, contact ceases; with the cessation of contact, feeling ceases; with the cessation of feeling, craving ceases; with the cessation of craving, grasping ceases; with the cessation of grasping, existence ceases; with the cessation of existence, birth ceases; with the cessation of birth, old age and death cease; with the cessation of old age and death, sorrow, lamentation, suffering, and distress cease. In this way, the entire mass of extreme suffering is extinguished.”

After teaching this Dharma, Flowing Water proclaimed to the fish the dhāraṇī corresponding to the twelvefold dependent arising. The dhāraṇī preserves the original sound transcription:

「『怛姪他 毘折儞 毘折儞 毘折儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞莎訶 怛姪他 那弭儞那弭儞 那弭儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞莎訶 怛姪他 薜達儞 薜達儞 薜達儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 莎訶 怛姪他 婆毘儞婆毘儞 婆毘儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞莎訶』」

The Three Stanzas and Protective Formula of the Four Great Heavenly Kings

As the World-Honored One recounted the merchant’s son’s past causes and conditions to the assembly, the humans and gods present praised the unprecedented teaching. From their respective places, the four great heavenly kings spoke three stanzas together in one voice:

One

“Excellent, World-Honored One Śākyamuni! He teaches a wondrous illuminating Dharma-formula that produces merit, removes every evil, and corresponds to the twelve links.

Two

“We too will proclaim a dhāraṇī and protect this Dharma. If anyone gives rise to opposition and fails to follow it well—

Three

“That person’s head will split into seven pieces like the tip of a lanxiang branch. Before the Buddha, we now proclaim this dhāraṇī together:

「怛姪他 呬里謎 揭睇健 陀哩 旃荼哩地囇 騷伐囇 石呬伐囇 補囉布囇矩矩末底 崎囉末底 達地目契 窶嚕婆 母嚕婆 具荼母嚕健提 杜嚕杜嚕 毘囇 醫泥悉悉泥沓〔徒洽,下同〕婫達沓婫 鄔悉怛哩 烏率吒囉伐底 頞剌娑伐底鉢杜摩伐底 俱蘇摩伐底 莎訶」

The Ten Thousand Fish Are Born in Heaven and Return to the Human World to Repay Kindness

The Buddha told the good goddess:

“At that time, after Flowing Water and his two sons had given the fish water and food and taught the Dharma, they returned home together. Later, at a gathering with music and entertainment, Flowing Water became drunk and lay down to sleep. At that very time, the ten thousand fish died together and were born in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.

“After becoming divine princes, they thought: ‘Through what causes and conditions of wholesome deeds were we born in heaven?’ They said to one another: ‘Formerly, in Jambudvīpa, we fell into the animal destiny and all took birth as fish. The merchant’s son Flowing Water gave us water and cakes, taught us the profound twelvefold dependent arising and the dhāraṇī, and invoked the name of Tathāgata Jeweled Topknot. Through these causes and conditions we were born in heaven. We should now all go to the merchant’s son and repay his kindness with offerings.’

“The ten thousand divine princes immediately disappeared from heaven and appeared at the home of the great king of physicians Flowing Water in Jambudvīpa. Flowing Water was sleeping peacefully in a high tower. They placed ten thousand pearl necklaces beside his face, ten thousand at his feet, ten thousand on his right side, and ten thousand on his left. They rained down mandārava and great mandārava flowers until they reached his knees. Light shone everywhere and many kinds of heavenly music produced wondrous sounds, awakening everyone asleep in Jambudvīpa. Flowing Water also awoke.

“After completing their offerings, the ten thousand divine princes rose into the air and departed. They rained wondrous heavenly lotuses throughout King Light of Divine Mastery’s realm, then returned to their former pond in the wilderness and rained many heavenly flowers there. When this was complete, they disappeared from the pond, returned to their heavenly palaces, and freely enjoyed the pleasures of the five desires.”

The King Investigates the Wondrous Signs

The Buddha continued:

“At dawn, King Light of Divine Mastery asked his ministers: ‘Why did such rare and auspicious signs suddenly appear last night, emitting great light?’

“A minister answered: ‘Great king, you should know that divine beings rained forty thousand pearl necklaces and heavenly mandārava flowers in the house of the merchant’s son Flowing Water, piling them as high as the knees.’

“The king ordered the minister to go to the merchant’s house and summon his son. The minister went to Flowing Water’s home, conveyed the royal command, and brought him to the palace. The king asked: ‘Why did such rare and auspicious signs appear last night?’

“Flowing Water answered: ‘According to my reflection, it must have been the fish in the pond. Just as the sūtra says, after they died they were born in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three and have now returned to repay my kindness, thus manifesting these extraordinary signs.’

“The king asked: ‘How do you know?’

“Flowing Water answered: ‘The great king may send messengers together with my two sons to the pond and verify what happened, seeing whether the ten thousand fish are dead or alive.’

“The king heard him and sent the messengers and Flowing Water’s sons to the pond. They saw many mandārava flowers piled in great heaps and all the fish dead. They hurried back and reported everything in detail. On hearing them, the king rejoiced and praised the unprecedented event.”

The Buddha Identifies Past and Present and Explains the Causes of Prediction

At that time, the Buddha again told the deity of the bodhi tree:

“Good goddess, you should now know that the merchant’s son Flowing Water in the past was I myself. The merchant Holding Water was Wonderful Banner. Of his two sons, the elder Water-Full was Silver Banner and the younger Water-Treasury was Silver Light. King Light of Divine Mastery was you, the deity of the bodhi tree. The ten thousand fish were these ten thousand divine princes.

“In the past, I rescued the fish with water and gave them food until they were full. I also taught them the profound twelvefold dependent arising and the corresponding dhāraṇī formula and invoked the name of Buddha Jeweled Topknot. Through these roots of goodness, they were born in heaven. Now they have come to me and rejoice in hearing the Dharma. I will bestow upon them predictions of unsurpassed complete and perfect awakening and state the names under which they will become buddhas.

“Good goddess, in the past I wandered through the various modes of birth and death and benefited beings extensively. Now I likewise cause measureless sentient beings successively to attain unsurpassed awakening and bestow predictions upon them. All of you should diligently seek release and never be heedless.”

After hearing this account, the assembly understood that only by rescuing and protecting all through great loving-kindness and compassion and diligently cultivating arduous practices can unsurpassed awakening be realized. They all aroused profound resolve, accepted the teaching in faith, and rejoiced.

義疏Exposition

一萬條魚不能開口求救,卻用目光一直跟著流水。本品所問的,不只是他有沒有悲心,而是悲心怎樣一步一步找到真正能救命的方法。


從治人的病,走到不能言說的苦

本品緊接著流水遍治國人之後開始。疾病痊癒的眾生多修福業、廣行惠施;他們一同來到流水面前,稱他為大力醫王、慈悲菩薩,讚歎他能長養福德、增益安隱壽命、精通醫藥、善療無量病苦。這些稱歎周遍城邑,卻不是故事的終點。就在名聲遍及城邑時,流水帶著兩個兒子離開城中,走進深險空澤;先前面對的是能來求醫的人,眼前遇見的卻是一池不能以人語求助的魚。

經文也先交代流水的妻子名水肩藏,兩個兒子分別名水滿、水藏。進入空澤時,流水帶著兩個兒子同行;後來借象運水、回家取食、到池邊查驗魚群,兩個兒子都實際參與其事。救魚因緣從一開始便不只有流水一人的腳步。

轉折先從禽獸的動向顯出來。豺狼、狐、玃、鵰、鷲等食血肉者,全往同一方向奔飛。流水沒有把異相當作與自己無關,也沒有先猜出答案;他只是追問原因,隨後查看。這一步很小,卻使本來被荒野遮住的苦進入眼前:名叫野生的大池將要乾盡,池中有許多魚。

看見以後,他生起大悲。樹神隨即現出半身,說明池中共有一萬條魚,勸他依名而行。數目沒有使苦變成抽象的『很多』;它讓流水知道,眼前每一個即將失去的生命合起來,是整整一萬條。聽見數目,他的悲心更加深切。

名字要在行動中成為真實

樹神說,流水之名有兩項因緣:能使水流來,也能把水給與眾生。名字在這裡不是對過去功德的稱讚,而是一項正在眼前等待完成的事。池水將盡,名為流水的人若不設法使水到來、把水給魚,這個名字便還沒有在此刻成為真實。

經文因而不只寫『救魚』。它先寫水的去向被截斷,再寫流水如何尋回水路;又寫他不能單獨修補缺口,便轉而向國王求助,用象與皮囊把水送入池中。流水既是水的流動,也是把水交到眾生身邊的行動。前者關乎水從哪裡來,後者關乎誰能把它送到;兩件事都完成,池水才重新充滿。

樹神的勸語還有另一層力量:流水不是等到萬事齊備才配得上自己的名字。正是在水已斷、魚將死、能力不夠的時候,他藉著一次次選擇使名字落實。所謂『隨名而作』,不是守住一個稱號,而是讓稱號接受眼前苦境的檢驗。

第一個方法失敗以後

一萬條魚在烈日下旋身婉轉,已到死門。牠們看見流水,心有所希望,沿著他的方向瞻視,目光始終不捨。魚沒有說一句話,流水卻沒有因此假裝看不見牠們的所求。他先奔向四方找水;找不到,便折取大樹枝葉,暫時為魚遮出蔭涼。

遮蔭不是把魚救活,也沒有使乾池復滿,但在水尚未找到時,它先減輕烈日的逼迫。經文沒有因它只是暫時之計而略去。真正的救援未必能在第一步完成;第一步也不因不夠徹底而失去意義。重要的是,流水沒有把暫時遮蔭誤認為事情已經結束。

他繼續追尋池水的來源,找到水生大河,才看見上游已被漁人決斷。可是缺口位於深峻懸崖,即使百千人費時三月也難以修補。他如實衡量:自己一人不能辦成。這個承認沒有削弱悲心,反而使行動轉向可行之處。他不再徒然留在斷口,而是趕回本城求王借象。

流水到了王前,頭面禮足、退住一面,合掌陳明:自己曾治國人使得安穩,如今願借二十頭象負水,濟魚命如同使病人得壽。國王聽見池水將涸、一萬條魚將死,立刻命大臣給象。大臣准許流水到象廄選取二十頭;流水父子又向酒家借來許多皮囊,在決水處盛水,使大象背到池邊。國王、大臣、象廄、酒家、父子、大象與皮囊,都進入同一次救命。悲心發於一人,事情卻不是靠一人完成。流水使這些可用的人力、畜力與器具,一同朝池邊會合。

水滿以後,還要看見飢餓

水倒入池中,池水重新彌滿。若故事停在這裡,流水已完成一項明顯的救援;但他繞著池岸察看時,魚仍然跟隨。於是他再問:牠們為什麼還跟著我?他看出魚群正受飢餓逼迫,還要向他求取食物。

同一群魚先缺水、後缺食。解決前一種苦,不代表後一種苦已經消失。流水沒有用已經做過的辛勞遮住新的需要。他命兩個兒子選最大力的象趕回家,把家中所有可吃的東西都帶來;經文特別逐一說到父母的食分、妻子的食分、孩子的食分與奴婢的食分。這不是隨手取來一點餘食,而是全家原有的食物共同進入布施。

兩個兒子向祖父說明原委,收取食物,置於象上,再迅速返回。流水看見兒子到來,身心歡喜,便把餅食遍撒池中。直到所有魚都吃飽,眼前的飢火才真正止息。運水與施食各有自己的次第:池水復滿以後,飢餓仍等待他以餅食解除。

魚飽足以後,流水發願:今生以食物使魚得命,來世要以法食救濟無邊眾生。這個願從已完成的施食生起,把『使牠活下來』繼續推向『使眾生聽聞深法』。魚先因水與餅食得到飽足,流水又隨即回想自己所聞,準備入池稱佛名、說深法。

稱佛名,也不省略十二支

流水曾在寂靜林中看見一位苾芻讀誦大乘經,聽聞十二緣生的甚深法要;又從經中得知,眾生臨命終時若聞寶髻如來名,命終後能生天上。現在一萬條魚正近命終,他便把曾經聽聞的法帶到池中。

他又想到贍部洲有兩類人:一類深信大乘,一類不信而且毀謗;他也要為這兩類人增長信心。這項增信之願與為魚說十二緣起、稱寶髻佛名的心念一同生起。經文接著便寫他走入池中,把所念化為稱名與說法。

流水走入池中,稱念過去寶髻如來,完整唱出如來、應、正遍知、明行足、善逝、世間解、無上士、調御丈夫、天人師、佛、世尊等名號,又說明寶髻如來往昔修菩薩行時所發的願:十方眾生臨命終時聞其名,命終後得生三十三天。稱名不是一個含混的代稱;佛名、德號、往昔願與得生之處,全都具體說出。

接著,流水依次說十二緣起。他先說有與生的流轉:無明緣行,行緣識,識緣名色,名色緣六處,六處緣觸,觸緣受,受緣愛,愛緣取,取緣有,有緣生,生緣老死;憂、悲、苦、惱隨老死而起。十二支從無明至老死,依其次第一支不少。

他又依同一次第說止息:無明滅則行滅,直到生滅則老死滅,老死滅則憂悲苦惱滅,純極苦蘊全都除滅。前段逐一展開十二支的生起,後段又逐一展開十二支的止息;兩列相對,使聽者看見苦如何相續,也看見相續如何止息。

說完十二緣起,流水再宣說與它相應的陀羅尼。其後,四大天王以三首偈讚歎釋迦世尊所說妙法明呪能生福除惡、與十二支相應;他們又發願擁護此法,警誡違逆而不能善順者,最後共同宣說另一道呪。緣起、第一段陀羅尼、三首偈與四王呪依次相承,各自具足。

善根要由故事自己說明

流水父子施水、施食、說法以後,一同回家。後來流水參加聚會,聽眾伎樂,醉酒而臥;一萬條魚則同時命終,生到三十三天。天子們醒悟前因時,親自回顧所得:流水給過水與餅食,說過十二緣起與陀羅尼,也稱過寶髻如來名號。水、食、十二緣起、陀羅尼與佛名,因此都在得益者的回憶中再次出現。

天子們決定回到流水身邊報恩。他們在他的面邊、足處、右脇與左脇,各放置一萬串真珠瓔珞,合為四萬;又降下曼陀羅花與摩訶曼陀羅花,堆積到膝,放出光明,奏起天樂,使贍部洲的睡眠者都醒來。隨後,他們又在天自在光王國內處處雨下天蓮花,回到原池雨下天花,才返回天宮受五欲樂。

四個放置瓔珞的位置、每處一萬的數目、兩種花、光明與天樂,都不是可以互相代替的裝飾。它們逐一回應天子們所說的報恩供養。供養也沒有只留在流水高樓:花雨遍及國中,又回到魚身曾經受救的池中。天子明說報答流水,而其後行動又自然展開到國中與舊池;明說與實行各守經文的先後。

瑞相之後,仍要到池邊查驗

天亮以後,國王詢問昨夜為何出現希有瑞相、放出大光明。大臣報告:天眾在流水家中降下四萬真珠瓔珞與曼陀羅花,堆積到膝。國王命大臣到長者家召流水入宮,再親自問他瑞相的因由。流水推想是池魚命終生天,回來報恩;國王仍追問如何得知。流水便提出可以查驗的方法:派遣使者與兩個兒子到池邊,看一萬條魚究竟死了還是活著。

使者到池邊,看見曼陀羅花積成大堆,魚已全數死亡;他們趕回王宮詳細報告。至此,天上的供養、池中的花與魚的命終才互相印證。國王聽見結果,心生歡喜,歎未曾有。經文把希有瑞相放在查驗以前,也把查驗寫在歡喜以前:驚異沒有取消求證,求證也沒有消解歡喜。

結會不是更換名字,而是揭明因緣

佛陀最後逐一結會古今:昔日長者子流水是佛陀自身,持水長者是妙幢,水滿是銀幢,水藏是銀光,天自在光王是菩提樹神,一萬條魚就是一萬名天子。故事中的父子、國王、樹神、魚與天子,至此都與法會中的人物相接。

結會以後,佛陀又親自把善根逐項說明:以水濟魚,以食令飽,說甚深十二緣起與相應陀羅尼呪,稱寶髻佛名。正因這些善根,魚得生天;如今來到佛所歡喜聽法,又將得到無上正等正覺之記。花、光與瓔珞是天子的報恩供養;得生與受記之因則由佛陀逐項列明,兩條敘事各有其位。

佛陀再勸善女天與大眾:祂往昔在生死中輪迴諸有,廣為利益,令無量眾生次第成就無上覺悟;眾人也應勤求出離,不可放逸。大眾聽後,悟解要由大慈悲救護一切、勤修苦行,才能證得無上菩提,於是發起深心,信受歡喜。

本品最初,一萬條魚只能在將乾的水中旋轉,以目光追隨流水;品末,大眾已能把所聞轉成自己的發心。其間沒有一個跳躍的救法:先看見,再遮蔭;再尋源、借力、運水、施食;繼而稱名、說緣起、宣陀羅尼;最後由得益者回憶善根,由佛陀結明因果。大悲之所以能把生命帶離死門,正因它不肯省略眾生當下所需,也不肯在眼前得救之後就此停止前行。

以唯識之眼

上來只順著本經自說的故事、名目與因果展開。以下借慧沼《金光明最勝王經疏》作一面唯識之鏡:鏡非經,疏家的科判、補足與解難都不回填成經文自說。

慧沼以來意、釋名、解妨開品,說前〈除病品〉廣明緣起,本品則「正說記因」〔T39n1788 0326b06〕;又把品文判成歎結醫能、救魚行、結會今古、領悟依學四段〔T39n1788 0326b25〕。這些科名能照見前後次第,卻仍是疏家分判;本經自身以連續敘事展開,並沒有自標這四個章目。

品名方面,慧沼依「一能流水、二能與水」〔T39n1788 0326b14〕解釋行與名相應,又答不名救魚,是因「流水義廣,因為救魚亦沾餘類,故不獨名救魚品」〔T39n1788 0326b16〕。他再把運水、施食照作悲心救苦,把後面的發願、稱名、說法照作慈心與樂〔T39n1788 0327a22–23〕。前一面鏡保存品名與行動的廣度,後一面鏡分出救苦、與樂;這組術語出自慧沼的判釋,經中樹神與流水沒有另立同名分類。

說法次第,疏內並列兩讀:「初顯說、後密說。或初說法令解、後說呪為護。」〔T39n1788 0327c17〕一讀以緣起與陀羅尼作顯密,一讀以令解與為護說功能,兩讀同存而不擇一。緣起方面,慧沼又列無作、無常、勢用三種緣生〔T39n1788 0327c26〕,再開出雜染與清淨各有順逆;經文此處只依次說流轉與還滅,逆觀的展開屬疏家補足。至於憂悲苦惱,慧沼明說它們因老死而起,「非是支攝」〔T39n1788 0328c25〕;這一支分界出自慧沼疏,流水本說則由老死說到憂悲苦惱。

慧沼沒有用一個單說抹平諸論差別。識支以第八異熟識種為正體,又保存現行與六識的通說;名色既有分立五支之別說,也有總攝五因之說;愛、取、有各分正體、助說或依所重不同的偏說;十二支種現則以相從之說與剋體分判並存。觀行中,七十七智與四十四智的分位又有「或資糧、加行二道別故。或俱加行,但前後別」〔T39n1788 0329a13〕兩解;逆觀止處也保存齊識、至愛、至生、至名色等不同條件。這些說法各依條件並存,慧沼沒有把它們合成單一答案。

報恩段,慧沼把天子所行照作報長者、報國王、報生處三恩〔T39n1788 0330c07〕;經文則只明說天子要報流水之恩,再實敘國中雨花與回池雨花。疏家的三恩分類多於天子自陳的一項報恩,兩者各有文本層次。品末大眾悟解,疏內也並列「是傍義故」與十千天子後來仍須行學方得菩提兩重回答〔T39n1788 0331a10〕,沒有把本品受記改成當下成佛。

這面唯識之鏡把品名、救行、緣起與受記因照得更細,也始終讓經站在鏡前。向前,它承〈除病品〉的治病因緣;向後,本品以水、食、佛名、緣起與陀羅尼結成受記之因。所謂承衍,正是讓前一品學成而遍行的大悲,在此走到不能言說的生命身邊,又由一次救命開出通向菩提記的因緣。

Ten thousand fish cannot call out for rescue, yet their eyes follow Flowing Water without ceasing. The chapter asks not merely whether he has compassion, but how compassion finds, step by step, a method that can actually save a life.


From Treating Human Illness to Suffering That Cannot Speak

The chapter begins immediately after Flowing Water has treated people throughout the realm. Those who recovered cultivate meritorious deeds and practice generosity widely. Together they come before him and call him a powerful king of physicians and a compassionate bodhisattva, praising him for fostering merit, increasing security and lifespan, mastering medicine, and treating measureless illnesses. Their praise fills the towns and cities, but it is not the story’s endpoint. At the very moment his renown spreads through the city, Flowing Water leaves with his two sons and enters a deep and dangerous wilderness. Previously he met people able to request treatment; now he encounters a pond of fish unable to ask in human words.

The text first identifies Flowing Water’s wife as Water-Shoulder Treasury and his two sons as Water-Full and Water-Treasury. The sons accompany him into the wilderness; later they participate directly in borrowing elephants, carrying water, returning home for food, and going back to the pond to verify the fishes’ fate. From its beginning, the causes and conditions of rescuing the fish comprise more than Flowing Water’s footsteps alone.

The turn first appears in the movement of animals. Jackals, foxes, monkeys, eagles, vultures, and other eaters of flesh and blood all run and fly in one direction. Flowing Water neither treats the strange sight as irrelevant nor guesses the answer in advance. He simply asks its cause and follows to investigate. Small as this step is, it brings suffering hidden by the wilderness into view: a great pond named Wild-Born is drying up, and many fish are trapped within it.

On seeing them, he gives rise to great compassion. A tree deity then appears with half her body visible, says the pond contains ten thousand fish, and exhorts him to act in accord with his name. The number does not turn suffering into the abstraction 『很多』—“many.” It lets Flowing Water know that the lives about to be lost amount to exactly ten thousand. On hearing the number, his compassion deepens.

A Name Must Become True in Action

The tree deity says that Flowing Water’s name has two causes: first, he can cause water to flow; second, he can give water. The name is not praise for past merit but a task waiting to be completed before him. The pond is drying and the fish are dying. Unless one named Flowing Water brings water and gives it to them, the name has not yet become true in this moment.

The scripture therefore does not write only 『救魚』—“rescuing fish.” It first describes how the water’s course was cut off, then how Flowing Water traces it back. When he cannot repair the breach alone, he turns to the king for help and carries water to the pond with elephants and leather bags. Flowing Water denotes both the water’s movement and the act of bringing water into the presence of sentient beings. One concerns where the water comes from; the other who can deliver it. Only when both are accomplished does the pond fill again.

The tree deity’s exhortation has another power as well. Flowing Water does not wait until everything is ready before becoming worthy of his name. Precisely when the water has been cut off, the fish are dying, and his own strength is insufficient, he makes the name real through one choice after another. 『隨名而作』—“act in accord with the name”—does not mean guarding a title; it means allowing the title to be tested by the suffering before him.

After the First Method Fails

The ten thousand fish twist beneath the fierce sun at the gate of death. On seeing Flowing Water, they form a hope, turn their gaze toward him, and never look away. They say nothing, but he does not therefore pretend not to see what they seek. First he runs in the four directions searching for water. Finding none, he breaks branches and leaves from a great tree and gives them temporary shade.

Shade does not save the fish or refill the pond, but before water has been found it relieves the sun’s pressure. The scripture does not omit the act merely because it is temporary. Real rescue may not be complete in a first step; the first step does not lose meaning because it is incomplete. What matters is that Flowing Water does not mistake temporary shade for the conclusion.

He keeps tracing the pond’s source and finds the great River Water-Born, only to see that fishermen have diverted its upper current. The breach lies on a deep, precipitous cliff; even hundreds of thousands of people working three months could scarcely repair it. He measures the situation honestly: one person cannot accomplish this. The admission does not weaken compassion but turns action toward what is possible. He does not remain uselessly beside the breach; he rushes back to the city to ask the king for elephants.

Before the king, Flowing Water bows his head at the king’s feet, withdraws to one side, joins his palms, and explains that he once treated the people of the realm and gave them security; now he asks for twenty elephants to carry water and save the fishes’ lives, just as he gave life to the sick. Hearing that the pond is nearly dry and ten thousand fish are about to die, the king immediately orders a minister to provide the elephants. The minister permits Flowing Water to choose twenty from the stable. Flowing Water and his sons borrow many leather bags from a wine shop, fill them where the current was diverted, and have the elephants carry the water to the pond. King, minister, stable, wine shop, father, sons, elephants, and leather bags all enter one rescue. Compassion arises in one person, but the work is not completed by one person. Flowing Water makes human strength, animal strength, and tools converge upon the pond.

Once the Water Is Full, Hunger Must Still Be Seen

The water is poured into the pond until it fills again. If the story ended here, Flowing Water would already have completed an obvious rescue. Yet as he walks around the bank, the fish continue to follow. He asks again why they follow him and sees that hunger is tormenting them and they are still seeking food.

The same fish first lack water and then food. Resolving the first suffering does not mean the second has disappeared. Flowing Water does not use the labor he has already given to conceal a new need. He tells his sons to select the strongest elephant, hurry home, and bring back everything edible. The text expressly names the portions belonging to parents, wife, children, and servants. This is not a little surplus food taken casually; the whole household’s existing food enters the gift.

The sons explain everything to their grandfather, gather the food, load it on the elephant, and hurry back. On seeing them return, Flowing Water rejoices in body and mind and scatters cakes throughout the pond. Only when every fish is full does the fire of hunger truly stop. Carrying water and giving food have distinct sequences: after the pond fills, hunger still waits to be relieved by cakes.

Once the fish are full, Flowing Water vows that just as food has now kept them alive, in future lives he will give the food of Dharma to sustain boundless beings. The vow arises from completed food-giving and carries 『使牠活下來』—“keeping the fish alive”—forward into 『使眾生聽聞深法』—“causing sentient beings to hear profound Dharma.” After water and cakes bring fullness, Flowing Water immediately recalls what he once heard and prepares to enter the pond, invoke the buddha’s name, and teach profound Dharma.

Invoking the Buddha’s Name without Omitting Any of the Twelve Links

In a quiet forest, Flowing Water once saw a bhikṣu reciting a Great Vehicle sūtra and heard the profound essentials of the twelvefold dependent arising. He also learned from the sūtra that if beings near death hear the name of Tathāgata Jeweled Topknot, they can be born in heaven after death. Now, with ten thousand fish near death, he brings the Dharma he heard into the pond.

He also reflects that Jambudvīpa contains two kinds of people: those who deeply believe in the Great Vehicle and those who disbelieve and disparage it. He intends to increase the faith of both. This vow to increase faith arises together with the intention to teach the fish dependent arising and invoke Buddha Jeweled Topknot’s name. The scripture then shows him enter the water and turn intention into invocation and teaching.

Flowing Water enters the pond and invokes the past Tathāgata Jeweled Topknot. He recites in full the epithets Tathāgata, Worthy of Offerings, Completely Awakened, Perfect in Knowledge and Conduct, Well-Gone, Knower of the World, Unsurpassed Person, Trainer of Persons, Teacher of Gods and Humans, Buddha, World-Honored One. He also states Jeweled Topknot’s former vow as a bodhisattva: any being in the ten directions who hears his name near death will be born in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three afterward. The invocation is no vague substitute. Buddha-name, epithets, former vow, and place of rebirth are all stated concretely.

Next, Flowing Water teaches the twelvefold dependent arising in order. He first explains the arising of existence and birth: with ignorance as condition, formations; with formations, consciousness; with consciousness, name-and-form; with name-and-form, the six sense fields; with the six sense fields, contact; with contact, feeling; with feeling, craving; with craving, grasping; with grasping, existence; with existence, birth; with birth, old age and death. Sorrow, lamentation, suffering, and distress arise in dependence on old age and death. From ignorance through old age and death, not one of the twelve links is omitted.

He then teaches cessation in the same order: with the cessation of ignorance, formations cease, and so on until the cessation of birth brings the cessation of old age and death; with the cessation of old age and death, sorrow, lamentation, suffering, and distress cease, and the entire mass of extreme suffering is extinguished. The first sequence unfolds the arising of all twelve links one by one; the second unfolds their cessation one by one. Set opposite one another, they let the listener see both how suffering continues and how that continuity ceases.

After teaching dependent arising, Flowing Water proclaims the corresponding dhāraṇī. The four heavenly kings then praise in three stanzas the wondrous illuminating Dharma-formula taught by the World-Honored One Śākyamuni as producing merit, removing evil, and corresponding to the twelve links. They vow to protect this Dharma, warn those who oppose and fail to follow it, and finally proclaim another formula together. Dependent arising, the first dhāraṇī, the three stanzas, and the four kings’ formula follow in sequence, each remaining complete.

Let the Story Itself Explain the Roots of Goodness

After Flowing Water and his sons give water, give food, and teach the Dharma, they return home together. Later, Flowing Water attends a gathering with music and entertainment and lies down drunk. The ten thousand fish die simultaneously and are born in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three. On awakening to their previous causes, the divine princes personally recall what they received: Flowing Water gave water and cakes, taught dependent arising and the dhāraṇī, and invoked the Tathāgata Jeweled Topknot. Water, food, dependent arising, dhāraṇī, and buddha-name thus all reappear in the beneficiaries’ memory.

The divine princes decide to return and repay Flowing Water’s kindness. They place ten thousand pearl necklaces beside his face, ten thousand at his feet, ten thousand on his right side, and ten thousand on his left, totaling forty thousand. They rain down mandārava and great mandārava flowers until they reach his knees, emit light, and play heavenly music, awakening everyone asleep in Jambudvīpa. They then rain heavenly lotuses throughout King Light of Divine Mastery’s realm, return to the old pond and rain flowers there, and only then return to their palace to enjoy the five desires.

The four necklace positions, the ten thousand at each, the two kinds of flowers, the light, and the heavenly music are not interchangeable ornaments. They answer, one by one, the divine princes’ stated intention to repay kindness with offerings. Nor does the offering remain only in Flowing Water’s tower: the flower-rain extends through the realm and returns to the pond where they were rescued as fish. The express statement of repayment and the subsequent actions each retain their place in the scripture’s sequence.

After the Wondrous Signs, Verification Still Returns to the Pond

At dawn, the king asks why rare signs and great light appeared during the night. A minister reports that gods rained forty thousand pearl necklaces and heavenly mandārava flowers in Flowing Water’s house until they reached the knees. The king sends the minister to bring Flowing Water to the palace and asks him personally for the cause. Flowing Water infers that the fish died, were born in heaven, and returned to repay his kindness, but the king asks how he knows. Flowing Water proposes a test: send messengers and his two sons to the pond to see whether the ten thousand fish are dead or alive.

At the pond, the messengers see mandārava flowers piled in great heaps and all the fish dead. They hurry back and report in detail. Only then do the heavenly offerings, the flowers in the pond, and the death of the fish corroborate one another. On hearing the result, the king rejoices and calls it unprecedented. The scripture places the rare signs before the verification and verification before joy: wonder does not cancel inquiry, and inquiry does not dissolve joy.

Identification Does Not Replace Names but Reveals Causes and Conditions

At the end, the Buddha identifies every figure across past and present. The merchant’s son Flowing Water was the Buddha himself; the merchant Holding Water was Wonderful Banner; Water-Full was Silver Banner; Water-Treasury was Silver Light; King Light of Divine Mastery was the deity of the bodhi tree; and the ten thousand fish were the ten thousand divine princes. Father, sons, king, tree deity, fish, and divine princes within the story are all joined here to persons in the Dharma assembly.

After the identification, the Buddha personally lists the roots of goodness: rescuing the fish with water, feeding them to fullness, teaching profound dependent arising and the corresponding dhāraṇī formula, and invoking Buddha Jeweled Topknot. Because of these roots, the fish were born in heaven; now they come to the Buddha, rejoice in hearing Dharma, and will receive predictions of unsurpassed complete and perfect awakening. Flowers, light, and necklaces are the divine princes’ offerings in repayment. The causes of rebirth and prediction are separately enumerated by the Buddha. The two narrative lines retain their distinct positions.

The Buddha then exhorts the good goddess and the assembly: in former lives, he wandered through the various modes of birth and death and benefited beings extensively, causing measureless beings successively to attain unsurpassed awakening. They too should diligently seek release and avoid heedlessness. On hearing this, the assembly understands that only by rescuing and protecting all through great compassion and diligently cultivating arduous practices can unsurpassed awakening be realized. They arouse profound resolve, accept the teaching in faith, and rejoice.

At the chapter’s opening, ten thousand fish can only twist in the drying water and follow Flowing Water with their gaze. At its end, the assembly can turn what it has heard into its own resolve. Between them there is no sudden method of rescue: first seeing, then giving shade; then tracing the source, borrowing strength, carrying water, and giving food; next invoking the name, teaching dependent arising, and proclaiming the dhāraṇī; finally the beneficiaries recall the roots of goodness and the Buddha clarifies the causes and fruit. Great compassion can lead life away from the gate of death precisely because it omits neither what beings need now nor the path that continues after immediate rescue.

Through the Eye of Consciousness-Only

Everything above follows the story, names, and causality stated by the sūtra itself. What follows uses Huizhao’s Commentary on the Sūtra of Golden Light, the Supreme King as a consciousness-only mirror. The mirror is not the scripture: the commentator’s outlines, supplements, and resolutions of difficulties are not written back as the sūtra’s own words.

Huizhao opens with the chapter’s occasion, explanation of its name, and resolution of difficulties. He says the preceding “Curing Illness” chapter extensively explains the causes and conditions, while this chapter 「正說記因」—“directly explains the cause of prediction” 〔T39n1788 0326b06〕. He also divides the chapter into four parts: praise concluding Flowing Water’s medical ability, the rescue of the fish, identification across past and present, and the assembly’s understanding and study 〔T39n1788 0326b25〕. These headings illuminate the sequence but remain the commentator’s divisions; the sūtra itself unfolds as continuous narrative and does not label these four sections.

Regarding the title, Huizhao uses 「一能流水、二能與水」—“first, he can cause water to flow; second, he can give water” 〔T39n1788 0326b14〕 to explain the correspondence between practice and name. Asked why the chapter is not called Rescuing the Fish, he answers: 「流水義廣,因為救魚亦沾餘類,故不獨名救魚品」—“The meaning of Flowing Water is broad; because the rescue of the fish also benefits other classes, the chapter is not named solely ‘Rescuing the Fish’” 〔T39n1788 0326b16〕. He then mirrors carrying water and giving food as compassion that rescues suffering, and the later vow, invocation, and teaching as loving-kindness that gives happiness 〔T39n1788 0327a22–23〕. The first side preserves the breadth of the title and action; the second distinguishes rescuing suffering and giving happiness. This terminology belongs to Huizhao’s judgment; the tree deity and Flowing Water do not separately establish these named categories in the sūtra.

The commentary preserves two readings of the teaching sequence: 「初顯說、後密說。或初說法令解、後說呪為護。」—“first an explicit teaching, then an esoteric teaching; or first teaching the Dharma to bring understanding, then teaching the formula for protection” 〔T39n1788 0327c17〕. One reads dependent arising and dhāraṇī as explicit and esoteric; the other reads them functionally as bringing understanding and providing protection. Both remain without selection. For dependent arising, Huizhao further lists three kinds—non-agential, impermanent, and efficacious 〔T39n1788 0327c26〕—and then unfolds both defiled and purified sequences in forward and reverse. The sūtra here states only arising and cessation in order; the reverse contemplations are supplied by the commentary. Concerning sorrow, lamentation, suffering, and distress, Huizhao explicitly says they arise from old age and death and are 「非是支攝」—“not included among the links” 〔T39n1788 0328c25〕. This boundary belongs to his commentary; Flowing Water’s teaching moves from old age and death directly into sorrow, lamentation, suffering, and distress.

Huizhao does not flatten differences among treatises into one statement. For the consciousness link, he takes the seed of the eighth maturation consciousness as the principal substance but preserves broader accounts involving manifest activity and the six consciousnesses. For name-and-form, he preserves both a separate five-link account and a total inclusion of five causes. For craving, grasping, and existence, he distinguishes principal substance, auxiliary accounts, and explanations that differ according to emphasis. Regarding seed and manifestation in the twelve links, he preserves both classification by association and analysis by intrinsic substance. In contemplative practice, the stage of the seventy-seven forms of knowledge and forty-four forms of knowledge retains two explanations: 「或資糧、加行二道別故。或俱加行,但前後別」—“perhaps because the paths of accumulation and preparation differ; or perhaps both belong to preparation but differ as earlier and later” 〔T39n1788 0329a13〕. The stopping point of reverse contemplation likewise varies according to conditions: at consciousness, craving, birth, or name-and-form. These accounts coexist under their conditions; Huizhao does not combine them into one answer.

For the repayment passage, Huizhao mirrors the divine princes’ acts as repayment of three kindnesses—to the merchant, the king, and their place of birth 〔T39n1788 0330c07〕. The sūtra explicitly says only that they intend to repay Flowing Water, then narrates flower-rain throughout the kingdom and at the pond. The commentary’s threefold classification exceeds the one repayment they themselves state; the two belong to distinct textual layers. At the assembly’s concluding understanding, the commentary also preserves the two responses 「是傍義故」—“because this is a collateral meaning”—and the further claim that the ten thousand divine princes must still cultivate and train before attaining awakening 〔T39n1788 0331a10〕. It does not turn their prediction into buddhahood in the present moment.

This consciousness-only mirror brings the chapter title, rescue, dependent arising, and cause of prediction into finer view while always keeping the scripture before the mirror. Looking backward, the chapter continues the medical causes of “Curing Illness.” Looking forward, it joins water, food, buddha-name, dependent arising, and dhāraṇī into the cause of prediction. Carrying forward means allowing the great compassion learned and practiced in the preceding chapter to reach here into the presence of lives unable to speak, and allowing one rescue to open causes and conditions leading toward a prediction of awakening.

考據Apparatus

全品定位 本品承〈除病品〉所述流水療病之行,續說他以水救魚、以食濟命、稱佛名、說十二緣起及相應陀羅尼;十千魚命終生天,回到人間報恩,佛陀再結會古今,說明十千天子得記之因。三譯皆有此品,舊二本題作〈流水長者子品〉;各本名相、詳略、標點與結會身分皆依原字並錄,不判孰勝。


一、科判定位

義淨本品題為「金光明最勝王經長者子流水品第二十五」〔T16n0665 0448c22〕,品身自 0448c23 起,至「信受歡喜」〔T16n0665 0450c14〕一行止,共二千五百二十八個漢字。其後 0450c15 是卷九尾題,0450c18 是卷十首題,0450c20 是卷十譯署,0450c21 才是〈捨身品第二十六〉題;卷題與譯署都不入本品。

本品不另設品內科標。經文自身依次敘治病受讚、見魚起悲、求水借象、施食發願、稱佛說法、兩段呪文、魚生天報恩、國王驗瑞、結會古今與大眾悟解,敘事連續而不斷裂。

慧沼先以來意、釋名、解妨三門開品。來意把本品接回十千天子受記之問:「前〈授記品〉末雖為略陳,未能明解,故〈除病〉、〈流水〉二品更為廣辨,令眾深知。前品廣其緣起,此品正說記因,故有此品。」〔T39n1788 0326b04〕釋名則兼顯身分與行德:「流水者,以行彰名,明其行勝。又自亦是長者,為簡其父復稱為子。以有養人長魚之德,故號長者。流水二義:一能流水、二能與水。從行為名,此乃德行雙彰。」〔T39n1788 0326b11〕又答何以不直名救魚:「流水義廣,因為救魚亦沾餘類,故不獨名救魚品。」〔T39n1788 0326b16〕

就全品大段,慧沼判作四段:『歎結醫能』『救魚行』『結會今古』『領悟依學』〔T39n1788 0326b25–0326c01〕。這是疏家科判,不改寫成經文自立四科。

知禮《金光明經文句記》於前品科下把兩品合成一對,其逐字科語有「〈除病〉、〈流水〉」〔T39n1786 0150b27〕;至本品另標「二、〈流水品〉」〔T39n1786 0152b15〕。前者是兩品互讀的結構實料,後者是本品逐文記的正式科題;二者只誌錄,不取代本編品脊。


二、異譯對勘

三本正命題與品界

三譯都有同一救魚、說法、報恩與結會故事,故皆為正命題見證;以下只依三本品身對位,並錄異同。

經本品題本品譯署品身漢字數
T16n0663「金光明經流水長者子品第十六」〔T16n0663 0352b15〕「北涼三藏法師曇無讖譯」〔T16n0663 0352b14〕0352b16–0353c20一千九百四十九
T16n0664「金光明經流水長者子品第二十一」〔T16n0664 0395b18〕「北涼曇無讖譯」〔T16n0664 0395b19〕0395b20–0396c18一千九百四十八
T16n0665「金光明最勝王經長者子流水品第二十五」〔T16n0665 0448c22〕「大唐三藏沙門義淨奉 制譯」〔T16n0665 0444a14〕0448c23–0450c14二千五百二十八

品題的語序分作『長者子流水』與『流水長者子』;對告分作「佛告菩提樹神」〔T16n0665 0448c23〕與「佛告樹神」〔T16n0663 0352b16〕/「佛告樹神」〔T16n0664 0395b20〕。三本都以流水、天自在光王國、療病平復及眾人修福為起首,故語序與稱謂之異不妨其故事對位。

十一段對位

內容T16n0665T16n0663T16n0664
治病平復與眾人稱歎0448c230352b160395b20
眷屬、空澤、池魚與樹神勸救0449a020352b22/0352b280395b26
求水、借象與運水滿池0449a160352c07/0352c20/0352c290395c10/0395c11/0395c22/0396a02
察飢、取食、施食與發願0449b120353a04/0353a08/0353a140396a06/0396a09/0396a16
稱佛名與說十二緣起0449b260353a19/0353a230396a19
十二緣起相應陀羅尼0449c22品身無相應段品身無相應段
人天歎異、四王偈與護法呪0450a04/0450a07/0450a13品身無相應段品身無相應段
魚命終生天與下界報恩0450a200353b07/0353b170396b06/0396b18
國王問瑞與遣人驗魚0450b130353b28/0353c06/0353c080396b27/0396c04/0396c11
結會古今與授記因緣0450b280353c150396c14
十一大眾悟解信受0450c11品身無相應段品身無相應段

異譯名對與結會名對

對象T16n0665T16n0663T16n0664
對告「佛告菩提樹神」〔0448c23〕「佛告樹神」〔0352b16〕「佛告樹神」〔0395b20〕
妻名「妻名水肩藏」〔0449a03〕「有妻名曰水空龍藏」〔0352b23〕「有妻,名曰水空龍藏」〔0395b26〕
二子「一名水滿;二名水藏」〔0449a03〕「一名水空,二名水藏」〔0352b23〕「一名、水空,二名、水藏」〔0395b27〕
池名「見有大池,名曰野生」〔0449a09〕品身未出池名品身未出池名
河名「見一大河,名曰水生」〔0449a23〕「見一大河名曰水生」〔0352c16〕「見一大河名曰水生」〔0395c19〕
佛名「寶髻如來」〔0449b29〕「寶勝如來」〔0353a21〕「寶勝如來」〔0396a21〕
洲名「贍部洲」〔0449c02〕「閻浮提」〔0353a23〕「閻浮提」〔0396a23〕
天處「三十三天」〔0449c09〕「忉利天」〔0353b10〕「忉利天」〔0396b10〕
魚身類名「墮傍生中,共受魚身」〔0450a25〕「墮畜生中受於魚身」〔0353b12〕「墮畜生中,受於魚身」〔0396b12〕
供養方位之一「置其面邊」〔0450b04〕「置其頭邊」〔0353b20〕「置其頭邊」〔0396b19〕
流水結會「昔時長者子流水者,即我身是」〔0450b29〕「爾時流水長者子,今我身是」〔0353c16〕「爾時流水長者子,今我身是」〔0396c14〕
父親結會「持水長者即妙幢是」〔0450c01〕品身未結會父親品身未結會父親
長子結會「長子水滿即銀幢是」〔0450c02〕「長子水空,今羅睺羅是」〔0353c17〕「長子水空,今羅睺羅是」〔0396c15〕
次子結會「次子水藏即銀光是」〔0450c02〕「次子水藏,今阿難是」〔0353c17〕「次子水藏,今阿難是」〔0396c16〕
王與樹神結會「彼天自在光王者,即汝菩提樹神是」〔0450c03〕「爾時樹神現半身者,今汝身是」〔0353c19〕「爾時樹神現半身者,今汝身是」〔0396c18〕
魚與天子結會「十千魚者即十千天子是」〔0450c03〕「時十千魚者,今十千天子是」〔0353c18〕「時十千魚者,今十千天子是」〔0396c16〕

三組逐字差分全表

以下三表依十一段可見字流逐字對校,連標點、異體、增省與段落有無一併全列:T16n0663/T16n0664 一百六十五條,T16n0665/T16n0663 四百三十四條,T16n0665/T16n0664 四百四十八條,共一千零四十七條。『無』只表示相對本無字;差分方向不作文本史先後或優劣之判。

T16n0663/T16n0664 逐字差分全列(一百六十五條)

類型T16n0663 原字T16n0664 原字
1插入「,」0395b20
2刪除「,」0352b16
3刪除「,」0352b17
4替換「;」0352b18「。」0395b22
5插入「,」0395b22
6替換「,」0352b18「、」0395b22
7替換「,」0352b19「、」0395b23
8插入「,」0395b23
9替換「,」0352b20「、」0395b24
10刪除「,」0352b23
11插入「,」0395b26
12替換「:」0352b23「,」0395b27
13插入「、」0395b27
14插入「、」0395b27
15刪除「,」0352b24
16替換「見諸」0352b25「多有」0395b29
17插入「、」0395b29
18替換「狐」0352b26「、狗」0395b29
19插入「、」0395b29
20插入「、」0395b29
21刪除0352b28
22插入「,」0395c03
23替換「,」0352c01「。」0395c04
24插入「,」0395c05
25替換「。」0352c03「!」0395c06
26插入「、」0395c07
27插入「、」0395c08
28插入0395c11
29插入「,」0395c12
30替換「宛」0352c10「婉」0395c13
31刪除「,」0352c11
32插入「,」0395c14
33刪除「,」0352c12
34插入「,」0395c16
35刪除「,」0352c13
36刪除「,」0352c14
37插入「:『」0395c17
38插入「』」0395c17
39替換「覓」0352c15「索」0395c18
40插入「,」0395c19
41刪除「,」0352c17
42插入「,」0395c20
43刪除「,」0352c17
44替換「險」0352c17「嶮」0395c20
45刪除「,」0352c18
46插入「,」0395c20
47替換「;」0352c18「。」0395c21
48替換「險」0352c18「嶮」0395c21
49替換「,」0352c19「:『」0395c21
50插入「』」0395c22
51刪除「,」0352c20
52插入「,」0395c23
53替換「住」0352c21「坐」0395c23
54刪除「,」0352c25
55插入「,」0395c27
56插入「,」0395c28
57刪除「,」0352c27
58插入「,」0395c29
59插入「,」0396a01
60刪除「,」0353a01
61刪除「,」0353a02
62插入「,」0396a04
63刪除「,」0353a02
64刪除「,」0353a04
65刪除「,」0353a06
66插入「,」0396a09
67刪除「,」0353a08
68刪除「,」0353a11
69插入。」0396a13
70刪除0353a12
71插入「,」0396a13
72刪除0353a14
73插入「,」0396a14
74刪除「,」0353a14
75刪除「,」0353a14
76插入「,」0396a15
77插入0396a16
78插入「,」0396a16
79插入「,」0396a16
80插入「,」0396a17
81刪除「,」0353a17
82插入「,」0396a18
83插入「,」0396a20
84刪除「,」0353a19
85替換「,」0353a20:「0396a21
86替換「,」0353a21。」0396a22
87刪除0353a23
88插入「、」0396a24
89插入「、」0396a24
90刪除「,」0353a29
91插入「,」0396a29
92刪除「,」0353b01
93刪除「,」0353b02
94插入「,」0396b03
95刪除「,」0353b03
96替換「——」0353b04「,」0396b04
97替換「,」0353b04「、」0396b04
98替換「,」0353b04「、」0396b04
99替換「,」0353b04「、」0396b04
100替換「,」0353b05「、」0396b05
101替換「,」0353b05「、」0396b05
102替換「,」0353b05「、」0396b05
103替換「,」0353b05「、」0396b05
104替換「,」0353b06「、」0396b05
105替換「,」0353b06「、」0396b06
106替換「,」0353b06「、」0396b06
107插入「、」0396b06
108插入「、」0396b06
109插入「、」0396b06
110插入「、」0396b06
111替換「惱」0353b06「聚」0396b06
112插入「,」0396b07
113刪除「,」0353b07
114插入「,」0396b09
115替換「既」0353b10「即」0396b10
116刪除「,」0353b11
117刪除「,」0353b12
118插入「,」0396b12
119刪除「,」0353b13
120刪除「,」0353b14
121插入「,」0396b15
122刪除0353b17
123插入「,」0396b16
124刪除「,」0353b17
125插入0396b18
126替換「。」0353b19「,」0396b18
127刪除「,」0353b19
128插入「、」0396b19
129替換「,」0353b20「、」0396b20
130替換「,」0353b21「、」0396b20
131替換「;」0353b21「,」0396b21
132刪除「,」0353b22
133替換「;作」0353b22「,」0396b22
134刪除「,」0353b23
135刪除「,」0353b25
136刪除「,」0353b26
137替換「,」0353b26「;」0396b25
138刪除「,」0353b29
139刪除「,」0353b29
140插入「,」0396b29
141刪除「,」0353c02
142插入「、」0396c01
143插入「卿」0396c02
144刪除「卿」0353c04
145插入「,」0396c03
146插入「,」0396c04
147替換「尋」0353c06「即」0396c04
148刪除0353c08
149插入「,」0396c07
150刪除「,」0353c09
151刪除「,」0353c09
152插入「,」0396c08
153刪除「,」0353c10
154插入「,」0396c09
155刪除「,」0353c11
156刪除「,」0353c11
157插入「,」0396c11
158插入0396c11
159插入「,」0396c11
160替換「至」0353c14「往」0396c12
161插入「,」0396c13
162插入「,」0396c14
163刪除「,」0353c15
164替換「。」0353c18「,」0396c17
165插入「,」0396c17

T16n0665/T16n0663 逐字差分全列(四百三十四條)

類型T16n0665 原字T16n0663 原字
1刪除「爾時,」0448c23
2刪除「菩提」0448c23
3刪除「善女天!」0448c23
4插入「流水」0352b16
5刪除流水0448c23
6刪除「往昔時,在」0448c24
7替換「療諸」0448c24「治一切」0352b17
8替換「所有病」0448c25「無量」0352b17
9插入「患已」0352b17
10替換「得」0448c25「其身體」0352b17
11插入「如本」0352b18
12替換「安隱」0448c25「諸快」0352b18
13替換「。時諸眾生」0448c25「;」0352b18
14刪除「,」0448c26
15替換「修」0448c26「設」0352b18
16替換「廣」0448c26「修」0352b19
17替換「惠」0448c26「布」0352b19
18替換「以自歡娛。即共往詣」0448c26「尊重恭敬是」0352b19
19刪除「所,咸生尊敬」0448c27
20刪除「!善哉!大」0448c28
21刪除「子」0448c28
22刪除「善」0448c28
23替換「滋」0448c28「大增」0352b20
24替換「增」0448c29「能」0352b20
25刪除「我等安隱壽命,仁今實是大力醫王慈悲菩薩,妙閑醫藥,善療」0448c29
26插入「壽命,汝今真是大醫之王,善治眾生無量重」0352b21
27替換「苦」0449a02「,必是菩薩善解方藥」0352b22
28刪除「如是稱歎周遍城邑。」0449a02
29插入「,有」0352b23
30插入「曰」0352b23
31替換「肩」0449a03「空龍」0352b23
32替換「有其」0449a03「而生」0352b23
33替換「,」0449a03「:」0352b23
34替換「滿;」0449a03「空,」0352b24
35插入「時長者子將」0352b24
36刪除「時流水將其」0449a04
37刪除「漸」0449a04
38插入「第」0352b24
39替換「過」0449a05「最後到一大」0352b25
40刪除「深險之處」0449a05
41替換「禽獸豺」0449a05「虎」0352b26
42替換「玃鵰鷲之屬」0449a06「犬鳥獸多」0352b26
43插入「肉」0352b26
44刪除「肉者」0449a06
45插入「悉」0352b26
46刪除「悉奔飛」0449a06
47插入「馳奔」0352b26
48刪除「如」0449a07
49插入「言」0352b27
50替換「此」0449a07「是」0352b27
51刪除「,」0449a07
52替換「飛」0449a08「馳」0352b28
53替換「暫往」0449a08「逐而」0352b28
54替換「即」0449a08「時長者子遂0352b28
55替換「去」0449a09「逐」0352b29
56替換「大」0449a09「一」0352b29
57刪除「,名曰野生,」0449a09
58替換「將盡」0449a09「枯涸」0352b29
59替換「此」0449a09「其」0352b29
60替換「眾」0449a10「諸」0352c01
61替換「。流水」0449a10「,時長者子」0352c01
62插入「是魚」0352c01
63刪除「,」0449a10
64替換「語」0449a11「言」0352c02
65替換「!」0449a11「,」0352c02
66插入「大」0352c03
67替換「!」0449a12「。此魚可愍,」0352c03
68替換「有實義」0449a12「可與水,是故號汝」0352c03
69插入「為」0352c04
70刪除「者,可愍此魚,應與其水」0449a12
71插入「復」0352c04
72刪除「因」0449a13
73刪除「,」0449a13
74替換「而作」0449a14「定實」0352c05
75刪除「是」0449a14
76替換「流水」0449a14「長者子」0352c05
77替換「何」0449a15「所」0352c06
78替換「曰」0449a15「言」0352c06
79插入「其」0352c07
80插入「具足足」0352c07
81插入「爾」0352c07
82替換「長者子」0449a16「流水」0352c07
83插入「復增」0352c08
84插入「生大」0352c08
85插入「善女天!」0352c08
86替換「大」0449a17「空」0352c08
87替換「,餘」0449a17「唯少」0352c09
88替換「無幾」0449a17「在」0352c09
89替換「旋身婉」0449a18「四向宛」0352c10
90替換「有」0449a19「生恃賴,隨是長者」0352c10
91替換「悕」0449a19「至方面」0352c11
92刪除「,」0449a19
93插入「是」0352c11
94刪除「子,見是事已,」0449a19
95替換「欲覓於」0449a20「推求索」0352c12
96替換「,竟」0449a20「了」0352c12
97替換「。復」0449a21「,便四顧」0352c12
98替換「一邊」0449a21「,」0352c13
99替換「,即便昇上折」0449a21「尋」0352c13
100替換「為」0449a22「,還到池上與」0352c13
101替換「蔭」0449a22「陰」0352c13
102插入「作陰涼已,」0352c14
103刪除「,」0449a22
104插入「本」0352c14
105刪除「處」0449a23
106替換「尋」0449a23「即出四向周遍求」0352c15
107替換「不已」0449a23「莫知水處,復更疾走遠至餘處」0352c15
108刪除「,」0449a23
109替換「,」0449a23「。爾」0352c16
110替換「此河邊」0449a24「復」0352c16
111替換「漁」0449a24「餘惡」0352c17
112插入「,」0352c17
113替換「取」0449a24「捕此」0352c17
114刪除「河」0449a24
115刪除「,」0449a25
116替換「,於所」0449a25「;然其」0352c18
117插入「懸險難補」0352c18
118替換「卒難」0449a25「計當」0352c19
119替換「補。便作是念:『此崖深峻」0449a26「治經九十日」0352c19
120刪除「設」0449a26
121替換「,時經三月亦未」0449a27「功猶不」0352c19
122替換「斷」0449a27「成」0352c20
123刪除「而堪濟辦」0449a27
124替換「』」0449a280352c20
125插入「,」0352c20
126插入「疾」0352c20
127替換「本城,」0449a28「反」0352c20
128替換「足,」0449a29「拜」0352c21
129替換「恭敬」0449a29「向王說其因緣,」0352c21
130刪除「,」0449b01
131刪除「悉令安隱,」0449b01
132替換「次」0449b02「漸」0352c23
133替換「其」0449b02「彼」0352c23
134刪除「,名曰野生,」0449b02
135替換「欲」0449b03「枯」0352c23
136插入「今日困厄」0352c24
137替換「,」0449b03「。」0352c25
138刪除「慈悲愍念」0449b04
139替換「與」0449b04「借」0352c25
140替換「暫往」0449b04「令得」0352c25
141刪除「,」0449b05
142替換「與此醫王大象」0449b06「供給」0352c27
143插入「爾」0352c27
144刪除「彼」0449b06
145刪除「,」0449b07
146插入「告」0352c27
147刪除「已」0449b07
148替換「白」0449b07「語是」0352c27
149刪除「子」0449b07
150替換「仁」0449b07「汝」0352c28
151替換「廐」0449b08「厩」0352c28
152刪除「,」0449b08
153刪除「二十大象」0449b08
154刪除「,」0449b09
155替換「安」0449b09「快」0352c29
156插入0352c29
157刪除「又」0449b10
158替換「酒家多」0449b10「治城人」0353a01
159插入「索」0353a01
160替換「往」0449b10「疾至彼河上流」0353a02
161刪除「水」0449b10
162刪除「以囊」0449b11
163刪除「,」0449b11
164插入「,馳疾奔還」0353a02
165插入「空澤」0353a03
166替換「瀉」0449b11「從象背上下其囊水寫」0353a03
167替換「即」0449b11「遂」0353a04
168刪除「,」0449b12
169替換「故」0449b12「本」0353a04
170刪除「善女天!0449b12
171替換「周旋」0449b13「彷徉」0353a05
172替換「視」0449b13「行」0353a05
173插入「是魚爾」0353a05
174刪除「彼眾魚」0449b13
175插入「,」0353a06
176替換「眾」0449b14「是」0353a06
177替換「故」0449b14「緣」0353a06
178插入「是魚」0353a07
179刪除「之」0449b15
180刪除「逼」0449b15
181替換「於」0449b16「飲」0353a08
182插入「善女天!0353a08
183插入「流水」0353a08
184替換「流水」0449b16「,」0353a08
185替換「,」0449b18:「0353a10
186替換「食」0449b18「飲」0353a11
187插入「一切聚集」0353a11
188替換「皆收取,即可持」0449b19「載象上急速」0353a12
189插入「還」0353a12
190插入0353a12
191替換「受」0449b20「如」0353a12
192替換「已」0449b20「勅」0353a12
193刪除「速」0449b20
194插入「至」0353a13
195替換「至」0449b21「白其」0353a13
196刪除「所,」0449b21
197插入「爾時二子,0353a14
198替換「置於」0449b22「載」0353a14
199插入「背」0353a14
200刪除「,」0449b22
201刪除「,」0449b22
202替換「彼」0449b22「空澤」0353a15
203刪除「邊」0449b22
204刪除「是」0449b22
205替換流水0449b22「長者子」0353a15
206替換「來」0449b23「還心生歡喜踊躍無量」0353a15
207替換「身心喜躍,遂」0449b23「從子邊」0353a16
208替換「餅」0449b23「飲」0353a16
209替換「遍」0449b23「之物」0353a16
210插入「著」0353a17
211插入「與」0353a17
212刪除「得」0449b24
213替換「,悉皆飽足。便作是念」0449b24「即自思惟」0353a17
214替換「施」0449b25「已能與此魚」0353a17
215替換「魚得命」0449b25「其飽滿」0353a18
216替換「願於」0449b25「未」0353a18
217插入「之」0353a18
218刪除「充濟無邊」0449b26
219刪除「我先」0449b26
220替換「於」0449b26「聞過去」0353a19
221替換「林」0449b27「之」0353a19
222插入「有一比丘」0353a19
223刪除「見一苾芻」0449b27
224插入「誦」0353a20
225插入「方等」0353a20
226插入「典」0353a20
227替換「說十二緣生甚深法要。又」0449b27「其」0353a20
228替換:「0449b28「,」0353a20
229替換「髻」0449b29「勝」0353a21
230替換「者,」0449b29「號」0353a21
231替換。」0449b29「,」0353a21
232替換「演」0449c01「解」0353a22
233插入「因」0353a22
234刪除「起」0449c01
235替換「髻」0449c02「勝」0353a23
236替換「然贍部洲」0449c02』「時閻浮提中0353a23
237替換「,」0449c02「:」0353a23
238刪除「、」0449c02
239插入「方等」0353a24
240刪除「、不信」0449c03
241替換「,亦當為彼增長」0449c03「不生」0353a24
242替換「心」0449c03「樂」0353a24
243刪除「』」0449c03
244刪除「如」0449c04
245替換「念」0449c04「思惟」0353a25
246插入「今當」0353a25
247插入「水之」0353a25
248刪除「可」0449c04
249替換「眾」0449c04「是諸」0353a26
250替換「作」0449c05「思惟」0353a26
251刪除「念」0449c05
252替換「唱」0449c05作如是0353a26
253替換「謨」0449c05「無」0353a27
254替換「髻」0449c06「勝」0353a27
255插入「供」0353a27
256替換「此佛」0449c07「寶勝如來本」0353a29
257替換「修」0449c08「時,行」0353a29
258替換「行時,」0449c08「道」0353a29
259插入「若有眾生,」0353b01
260刪除「所有眾生,」0449c08
261插入「當令是輩即」0353b02
262替換「之後」0449c09「已」0353b02
263插入「尋」0353b02
264插入「上」0353b02
265替換「池」0449c10「是」0353b03
266替換「演」0449c10「,解」0353b03
267替換「:『此有故彼有,此生故彼生,」0449c11「——」0353b04
268替換「處」0449c12「入」0353b05
269替換「處」0449c13「入」0353b05
270刪除「此滅故彼滅,所謂無明滅則行滅,行滅則識滅,識滅則名色滅,名色滅則六處滅,六處滅則觸滅,觸滅則受滅,受滅則愛滅,愛滅則取滅,取滅則有滅,有滅則生滅,生滅則老死滅,老死滅則憂悲苦惱滅,如是純極苦蘊悉皆除滅。』說是法已,復為宣說十二緣起相應陀羅尼曰:」0449c14
271刪除「『怛姪他 毘折儞 毘折儞 毘折儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞莎訶 怛姪他 那弭儞那弭儞 那弭儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞莎訶 怛姪他 薜達儞 薜達儞 薜達儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 莎訶 怛姪他 婆毘儞婆毘儞 婆毘儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞莎訶』」〔T16n0665 0449c22〕0449c22
272刪除爾時,世尊為諸大眾說長者子昔緣之時,諸人天眾歎未曾有。時四大天王各於其處,異口同音作如是說:「善哉釋迦尊,說妙法明呪;生福除眾惡,十二支相應。我等亦說呪,擁護如是法。若有生違逆,不善隨順者,頭破作七分,猶如蘭香梢。我等於佛前,共說其呪曰:「怛姪他 呬里謎 揭睇健 陀哩 旃荼哩地囇 騷伐囇 石呬伐囇 補囉布囇矩矩末底 崎囉末底 達地目契 窶嚕婆 母嚕婆 具荼母嚕健提 杜嚕杜嚕 毘囇 醫泥悉悉泥沓〔徒洽,下同〕婫達沓婫 鄔悉怛哩 烏率吒囉伐底 頞剌娑伐底鉢杜摩伐底 俱蘇摩伐底 莎訶」〔T16n0665 0450a13〕0450a04
273替換「佛告」0450a200353b07
274替換:「0450a20「!」0353b07
275插入「流水」0353b07
276刪除「流水」0450a20
277刪除「為彼池魚施水施食,并」0450a20
278插入「是」0353b07
279替換「,俱」0450a21「即」0353b08
280刪除「流水,」0450a22
281替換「因有」0450a22「,賓客」0353b08
282刪除「,設眾伎樂,」0450a22
283插入「爾時其地卒大震動,」0353b09
284替換「時」0450a23「日」0353b10
285替換「過」0450a23「終」0353b10
286插入「既命終已」0353b10
287替換三十三0450a23「忉利」0353b10
288替換「,起如」0450a24「。既生天已作」0353b10
289替換「念」0450a24「思惟」0353b11
290插入「,得」0353b11
291插入「於」0353b11
292插入「忉利」0353b11
293替換「便」0450a25「復」0353b12
294替換「曰」0450a25「言」0353b12
295替換「贍部洲」0450a25「閻浮提」0353b12
296替換「傍」0450a25「畜」0353b13
297刪除「,共」0450a26
298插入「於」0353b13
299插入「流水」0353b13
300替換「流水施」0450a26「,與」0353b13
301替換「餅」0450a27「飲」0353b14
302插入「解」0353b14
303刪除「法」0450a27
304插入「因」0353b14
305刪除「起及陀羅尼」0450a27
306替換「復」0450a28「并」0353b15
307替換「髻」0450a28「勝」0353b15
308刪除「,能」0450a28
309插入「輩」0353b15
310插入「等」0353b16
311替換「咸應詣彼」0450a29「當往至」0353b16
312刪除「,」0450b01
313插入0353b17
314替換「即於」0450b01「,從忉利」0353b17
315替換「沒」0450b02「下閻浮提」0353b17
316替換「贍部洲」0450b02「流水長者子」0353b18
317替換「所」0450b02「家」0353b18
318刪除「高」0450b02
319插入「屋」0353b19
320替換「安隱而」0450b03「露臥眠」0353b19
321替換「,時」0450b03「。是」0353b19
322替換「共」0450b03「,」0353b19
323插入「天妙」0353b20
324替換「面」0450b04「頭」0353b20
325替換「處」0450b04「邊」0353b20
326刪除「於」0450b05
327插入「邊」0353b21
328替換「,」0450b05「;」0353b21
329替換「花」0450b06「華」0353b22
330替換「花」0450b06「華」0353b22
331替換「,光明普照,」0450b06「;作」0353b22
332插入「。閻浮提中」0353b23
333刪除「令贍部洲」0450b07
334替換「悟」0450b08「寤」0353b24
335插入「流水」0353b24
336刪除「流水」0450b08
337刪除「時」0450b09
338刪除「為供養已」0450b09
339刪除「即」0450b09
340插入「上」0353b25
341替換「而去」0450b09「遊行」0353b25
342替換「花」0450b11「華」0353b26
343刪除「,」0450b11
344替換「中」0450b11「所復」0353b27
345刪除「眾」0450b11
346替換「花」0450b12「華」0353b27
347替換「於」0450b12「從」0353b27
348刪除「,」0450b12
349替換「天」0450b12「忉利」0353b27
350刪除「殿」0450b12
351刪除「,」0450b12
352插入「天」0353b28
353刪除「樂」0450b13
354插入「時閻浮提過是夜已,」0353b28
355刪除「至天曉已」0450b13
356替換「忽」0450b14「,示」0353b29
357替換「希有」0450b14「淨妙」0353c01
358替換「,放」0450b14「有」0353c01
359替換「!有」0450b15「,忉利」0353c02
360刪除「眾」0450b15
361插入「流水」0353c02
362刪除「流水」0450b16
363刪除「中」0450b16
364替換「天」0450b16「不可計」0353c03
365替換「花,積至于膝」0450b17「華」0353c03
366插入「即」0353c03
367刪除「曰」0450b17
368替換「詣」0450b17「卿可往至彼」0353c04
369插入「善言誘喻」0353c04
370替換「取其子」0450b17「令使來」0353c04
371刪除「,」0450b18
372刪除「奉」0450b18
373替換「命,」0450b18「教令」0353c05
374插入「是」0353c05
375刪除「子」0450b19
376插入「是0353c06
377替換「子即」0450b19「尋」0353c06
378替換「曰」0450b19「問長者」0353c06
379刪除「昨夜」0450b19
380刪除「希有」0450b20
381刪除「如」0450b20
382替換思惟,0450b20「必」0353c07
383替換「應」0450b21「知」0353c07
384替換「彼池內眾」0450b21「十千」0353c07
385替換「,如經所說,」0450b21「其」0353c07
386插入「已」0353c08
387刪除「之後得生三十三天,彼來報恩,故現如是希奇之相」0450b21
388插入「時大」0353c08
389刪除「曰:『何以得知?』流水答」0450b23
390替換「王」0450b23「今」0353c08
391替換「使」0450b24人審實是事。』「爾時流水0353c08
392替換「并我二」0450b24「尋遣其」0353c09
393替換「,往」0450b24「至」0353c09
394替換「驗」0450b24「,看是諸魚死活定實。爾時」0353c09
395替換「虛實,彼十千魚為死為活?』王」0450b24「子」0353c10
396插入「已」0353c10
397刪除「即便遣使及子」0450b25
398插入「於」0353c10
399替換「邊」0450b26「既至池已」0353c10
400插入「摩訶」0353c11
401替換「花」0450b26「華」0353c11
402插入「聚」0353c12
403替換「大聚」0450b27「𧂐」0353c12
404插入「其中」0353c12
405替換「並死,」0450b27「悉皆命終。」0353c12
406替換「馳」0450b27「即」0353c12
407替換「為」0450b27「白其父言:『彼諸魚等悉已命終。』爾時流水知是事已,復至」0353c12
408替換「廣說」0450b27「所作如是言:『是十千魚悉皆命終」0353c14
409插入「』」0353c15
410刪除「,」0450b28
411刪除「,歎未曾有」0450b28
412插入「世尊」0353c15
413刪除「佛」0450b28
414插入「道場」0353c15
415替換「汝今當」0450b29「欲」0353c16
416替換「昔」0450b29「爾」0353c16
417插入「流水」0353c16
418刪除「流水者」0450b29
419替換「即」0450c01「今」0353c17
420刪除「持水長者即妙幢是;彼之二子,」0450c01
421替換「滿即銀幢」0450c02「空,今羅睺羅」0353c17
422替換「,」0450c02「;」0353c17
423替換「即銀光」0450c02「,今阿難」0353c18
424替換「彼天自在光王者,即汝菩提樹神是;」0450c03「時」0353c18
425替換「即」0450c04「,今」0353c18
426替換「因」0450c04是故0353c18
427替換「往昔以水濟魚,與食令飽,」0450c04「今」0353c19
428替換「說甚深十二緣起,并此相應陀羅尼呪,又為稱彼寶髻佛名,因此善根得生天上,今來我所,歡喜聽法。我皆當為」0450c05「其」0353c19
429刪除「於」0450c07
430刪除「,說其名號」0450c08
431替換「善女天!如我往昔於生死中,輪迴諸有,廣為利益」0450c08「爾時樹神現半身者」0353c19
432刪除「無量眾生悉令次第成無上覺,與其授記,」0450c10
433替換「等皆應勤求出離,勿為放逸」0450c11「身是」0353c20
434十一刪除「爾時大眾聞說是已,悉皆悟解,由大慈悲救護一切,勤修苦行,方能證獲無上菩提,咸發深心,信受歡喜。」0450c11

T16n0665/T16n0664 逐字差分全列(四百四十八條)

類型T16n0665 原字T16n0664 原字
1刪除「爾時,」0448c23
2刪除「菩提」0448c23
3刪除「善女天!」0448c23
4插入「,流水」0395b20
5刪除流水,0448c23
6刪除「往昔時,在」0448c24
7替換「,療諸」0448c24「治一切」0395b21
8替換「所有病」0448c25「無量」0395b21
9插入「患已」0395b21
10替換「得」0448c25「其身體」0395b21
11插入「如本」0395b22
12替換「安隱」0448c25「諸快」0395b22
13刪除「時諸眾生」0448c25
14替換「修」0448c26「設」0395b22
15替換「,廣」0448c26「、修」0395b22
16替換「惠」0448c26「布」0395b23
17替換「,以自歡娛。即共往詣」0448c26「、尊重恭敬是」0395b23
18刪除「所,咸生尊敬」0448c27
19替換「!善哉!大」0448c28「,」0395b23
20刪除「子」0448c28
21刪除「善」0448c28
22替換「滋」0448c28「大增」0395b24
23替換「,增」0448c29「、能」0395b24
24刪除「我等安隱壽命,仁今實是大力醫王慈悲菩薩,妙閑醫藥,善療」0448c29
25插入「壽命,汝今真是大醫之王,善治眾生無量重」0395b24
26替換「苦」0449a02「,必是菩薩善解方藥」0395b25
27刪除「如是稱歎周遍城邑。」0449a02
28插入「有」0395b26
29插入「,」0395b26
30插入「曰」0395b27
31替換「肩」0449a03「空龍」0395b27
32替換「有其」0449a03「而生」0395b27
33插入「、」0395b27
34替換「滿;」0449a03「空,」0395b27
35插入「、」0395b27
36插入「時長者子將」0395b28
37刪除「時流水將其」0449a04
38刪除「,漸」0449a04
39插入「第」0395b28
40替換「過」0449a05「最後到一大」0395b28
41刪除「深險之處」0449a05
42替換「見諸禽」0449a05「多有虎、狼、狗犬、鳥、」0395b29
43替換「豺狼狐玃鵰鷲之屬」0449a05「多」0395b29
44插入「肉」0395c01
45刪除「肉者」0449a06
46插入「悉」0395c01
47刪除「悉奔飛」0449a06
48插入「馳奔」0395c01
49刪除「如」0449a07
50插入「言」0395c02
51替換「此」0449a07「是」0395c02
52刪除「,」0449a07
53替換「飛」0449a08「馳」0395c02
54替換「暫往」0449a08「逐而」0395c03
55替換「即」0449a08「時長者子遂」0395c03
56替換「去」0449a09「逐」0395c03
57替換「大」0449a09「一」0395c03
58刪除「,名曰野生」0449a09
59替換「將盡」0449a09「枯涸」0395c04
60替換「此」0449a09「其」0395c04
61替換「眾」0449a10「諸」0395c04
62替換「流水」0449a10「時長者子」0395c04
63插入「是魚」0395c04
64替換「語」0449a11「言」0395c06
65替換「!」0449a11「,」0395c06
66插入「大」0395c06
67插入「此魚可愍,」0395c06
68替換「有實義」0449a12「可與水,是故號汝」0395c06
69插入「為」0395c07
70刪除「者,可愍此魚,應與其水」0449a12
71插入「復」0395c07
72刪除「因」0449a13
73刪除「,」0449a13
74插入「、」0395c07
75插入「、」0395c08
76替換「而作」0449a14「定實」0395c08
77刪除「是」0449a14
78替換「流水」0449a14長者子0395c08
79替換「何」0449a15「所」0395c09
80替換「曰」0449a15「言」0395c10
81插入「其」0395c10
82插入「具足足」0395c10
83插入「善女天!爾時流水聞是數已,倍復增益生大悲心。0395c10
84刪除「長者子聞是數已,倍益悲心。時」0449a16
85替換「大」0449a17「空」0395c12
86替換「餘」0449a17「唯少」0395c12
87替換「無幾」0449a17「在」0395c12
88替換「旋身」0449a18「四向」0395c13
89替換「有」0449a19「生恃賴,隨是長者」0395c13
90替換「悕,」0449a19「至方面」0395c14
91插入「是」0395c14
92刪除「子,見是事已,」0449a19
93替換「,欲覓於」0449a20「推求索」0395c15
94替換「,竟」0449a20「了」0395c15
95替換「。復」0449a21「,便四顧」0395c15
96替換「一邊」0449a21「,」0395c15
97替換「即便昇上折」0449a21「尋」0395c16
98替換「為」0449a22「還到池上與」0395c16
99替換「蔭」0449a22「陰」0395c16
100插入「作陰涼已」0395c16
101替換「,」0449a22「:『」0395c17
102插入「本」0395c17
103刪除「處」0449a23
104替換「尋覓不已」0449a23「』即出四向周遍求索莫知水處,復更疾走遠至餘處」0395c17
105刪除「,」0449a23
106插入「。爾時」0395c19
107替換「時此河邊」0449a23「復」0395c19
108替換「漁」0449a24「餘惡」0395c19
109替換「取」0449a24「捕此」0395c20
110插入「,」0395c20
111刪除「,」0449a24
112刪除「河」0449a24
113替換「險」0449a25「嶮」0395c20
114刪除「,」0449a25
115替換「,於所」0449a25「。然其」0395c21
116替換「,卒」0449a25「懸嶮」0395c21
117刪除「修」0449a26
118刪除「。便作是念」0449a26
119替換「此崖深峻」0449a26「計當修治經九十日」0395c21
120刪除「設」0449a26
121替換「,時經三月亦未」0449a27「功猶不」0395c22
122替換「斷」0449a27「成」0395c22
123刪除「而堪濟辦」0449a27
124插入0395c22
125插入「疾」0395c23
126替換「本城,」0449a28「反」0395c23
127替換「足」0449a29「拜」0395c23
128替換「住」0449a29「坐」0395c23
129替換「恭敬」0449a29「向王說其因緣,」0395c24
130刪除「,」0449b01
131刪除「悉令安隱,」0449b01
132替換「次」0449b02「漸」0395c25
133替換「其」0449b02「彼」0395c25
134刪除「,名曰野生,」0449b02
135替換「欲」0449b03「枯」0395c26
136插入「今日困厄」0395c26
137替換「,」0449b03「。」0395c27
138替換「慈悲愍念,與」0449b04「借」0395c27
139替換「暫往」0449b04「,令得」0395c27
140刪除「,」0449b05
141插入「,」0395c28
142刪除「,」0449b06
143替換「與此醫王大象」0449b06「供給」0395c29
144插入「爾」0395c29
145替換「彼」0449b06「,」0395c29
146刪除「,」0449b07
147插入「告」0395c29
148刪除「已」0449b07
149替換「白」0449b07「語是」0395c29
150刪除「子」0449b07
151插入「,」0396a01
152替換「仁」0449b07「汝」0396a01
153替換「廐」0449b08「厩」0396a01
154刪除「,」0449b08
155刪除「二十大象」0449b08
156刪除「,」0449b09
157替換「安」0449b09「快」0396a02
158插入0396a02
159刪除「,」0449b09
160刪除「又」0449b10
161替換「酒家多」0449b10「治城人」0396a03
162插入「索」0396a03
163替換「往」0449b10「疾至彼河上流」0396a03
164刪除「水」0449b10
165刪除「,以囊」0449b11
166插入「馳疾奔還」0396a04
167插入「空澤」0396a04
168替換「瀉」0449b11「從象背上下其囊水寫」0396a04
169替換「即」0449b11「遂」0396a05
170刪除「,」0449b12
171替換「故」0449b12「本」0396a06
172刪除「善女天!0449b12
173刪除「,」0449b12
174替換「周旋」0449b13「彷徉」0396a06
175替換「視」0449b13「行」0396a06
176插入「是魚爾」0396a06
177刪除「彼眾魚」0449b13
178替換「眾」0449b14「是」0396a07
179替換「故」0449b14「緣」0396a08
180插入「是魚」0396a08
181刪除「之」0449b15
182刪除「逼」0449b15
183替換「於」0449b16「飲」0396a09
184插入「善女天!0396a09
185插入「,流水」0396a09
186刪除「流水」0449b16
187替換「,」0449b18:「0396a11
188替換「食」0449b18「飲」0396a12
189刪除「,」0449b19
190插入「一切聚集」0396a12
191替換「皆收取,即可持」0449b19載象上。」急速0396a13
192插入「還」0396a13
193插入「,」0396a13
194替換「受」0449b20「如」0396a13
195替換「已」0449b20「勅」0396a13
196刪除「速」0449b20
197插入「至」0396a14
198替換「至」0449b21「白其」0396a14
199刪除「所,」0449b21
200插入「爾時,二子」0396a14
201替換「,置於」0449b22「載」0396a15
202插入「背」0396a15
203刪除「,」0449b22
204替換「彼」0449b22「空澤」0396a16
205刪除「邊」0449b22
206替換「是」0449b220396a16
207替換流水0449b22「長者子」0396a16
208替換「來」0449b23「還」0396a16
209刪除「身」0449b23
210插入「生歡」0396a16
211插入,踊0396a16
212插入「無量」0396a17
213替換「遂」0449b23「從子邊」0396a17
214替換「餅」0449b23「飲」0396a17
215替換「遍」0449b23「之物,」0396a17
216插入「著」0396a17
217替換「,」0449b24「與」0396a17
218刪除「得」0449b24
219替換「悉皆飽足。便作是念」0449b24「即自思惟」0396a18
220替換「施」0449b25「已能與此魚」0396a18
221替換「魚得命」0449b25「其飽滿」0396a18
222替換「願於」0449b25「未」0396a19
223插入「之」0396a19
224刪除「充濟無邊」0449b26
225刪除「我先」0449b26
226替換「於」0449b26「聞過去」0396a19
227替換「林」0449b27「之」0396a20
228替換「見」0449b27「有」0396a20
229替換「苾芻」0449b27「比丘」0396a20
230插入「誦」0396a20
231插入「方等」0396a20
232插入「典」0396a20
233替換「說十二緣生甚深法要。又」0449b27「其」0396a20
234替換「髻」0449b29「勝」0396a21
235替換「者,」0449b29「號」0396a22
236替換「演」0449c01「解」0396a22
237插入「因」0396a23
238刪除「起」0449c01
239替換「髻」0449c02「勝」0396a23
240替換「然贍部洲」0449c02「』時閻浮提中」0396a23
241替換「,」0449c02「:」0396a24
242插入「方等」0396a24
243刪除「不信」0449c03
244替換「,亦當為彼增長」0449c03「不生」0396a25
245替換「心」0449c03「樂」0396a25
246刪除「』」0449c03
247刪除「如」0449c04
248替換「念」0449c04「思惟」0396a25
249插入「今當」0396a25
250插入「水之」0396a26
251刪除「可」0449c04
252替換「眾」0449c04「是諸」0396a26
253替換「作」0449c05「思惟」0396a26
254刪除「念」0449c05
255替換「唱」0449c05「作如是」0396a27
256替換「謨」0449c05「無」0396a27
257替換「髻」0449c06「勝」0396a27
258插入「供」0396a27
259替換「此佛」0449c07「寶勝如來本」0396a29
260替換「修」0449c08「時行」0396a29
261替換「行時」0449c08「道」0396a29
262插入「若有眾生」0396b01
263刪除「所有眾生,」0449c08
264插入「當令是輩即」0396b02
265替換「之後,」0449c09「已尋」0396b02
266插入「上」0396b02
267插入「,」0396b03
268替換「池」0449c10「是」0396b03
269替換「演」0449c10「解」0396b03
270刪除「:『此有故彼有,此生故彼生」0449c11
271替換「,」0449c12「、」0396b04
272替換「,」0449c12「、」0396b04
273替換「,」0449c12「、」0396b04
274替換「處,」0449c12「入、」0396b05
275替換「處」0449c13「入」0396b05
276替換「,」0449c13「、」0396b05
277替換「,」0449c13「、」0396b05
278替換「,」0449c13「、」0396b05
279替換「,」0449c13「、」0396b05
280替換「,」0449c13「、」0396b06
281替換「,」0449c14「、」0396b06
282插入「、」0396b06
283插入「、」0396b06
284插入「、」0396b06
285插入「、」0396b06
286替換「惱」0449c14「聚」0396b06
287刪除「此滅故彼滅,所謂無明滅則行滅,行滅則識滅,識滅則名色滅,名色滅則六處滅,六處滅則觸滅,觸滅則受滅,受滅則愛滅,愛滅則取滅,取滅則有滅,有滅則生滅,生滅則老死滅,老死滅則憂悲苦惱滅,如是純極苦蘊悉皆除滅。』說是法已,復為宣說十二緣起相應陀羅尼曰:」0449c14
288刪除「『怛姪他 毘折儞 毘折儞 毘折儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞莎訶 怛姪他 那弭儞那弭儞 那弭儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞莎訶 怛姪他 薜達儞 薜達儞 薜達儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 莎訶 怛姪他 婆毘儞婆毘儞 婆毘儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞莎訶』」〔T16n0665 0449c22〕0449c22
289刪除爾時,世尊為諸大眾說長者子昔緣之時,諸人天眾歎未曾有。時四大天王各於其處,異口同音作如是說:「善哉釋迦尊,說妙法明呪;生福除眾惡,十二支相應。我等亦說呪,擁護如是法。若有生違逆,不善隨順者,頭破作七分,猶如蘭香梢。我等於佛前,共說其呪曰:「怛姪他 呬里謎 揭睇健 陀哩 旃荼哩地囇 騷伐囇 石呬伐囇 補囉布囇矩矩末底 崎囉末底 達地目契 窶嚕婆 母嚕婆 具荼母嚕健提 杜嚕杜嚕 毘囇 醫泥悉悉泥沓〔徒洽,下同〕婫達沓婫 鄔悉怛哩 烏率吒囉伐底 頞剌娑伐底鉢杜摩伐底 俱蘇摩伐底 莎訶」〔T16n0665 0450a13〕0450a04
290替換「佛告」0450a200396b06
291替換:「0450a20「!」0396b06
292插入「,流水」0396b07
293刪除「流水」0450a20
294刪除「,為彼池魚施水施食,并」0450a20
295插入「是」0396b07
296替換「,俱」0450a21「即」0396b07
297刪除「流水,」0450a22
298替換「因有」0450a22「,賓客」0396b08
299刪除「,設眾伎樂,」0450a22
300插入「爾時,其地卒大震動,」0396b09
301替換「時」0450a23「日」0396b09
302替換「過」0450a23「終」0396b09
303插入「即命終已」0396b10
304替換三十三0450a23「忉利」0396b10
305替換「,起如」0450a24「。既生天已作」0396b10
306替換「念」0450a24「思惟」0396b10
307插入「得」0396b11
308插入「於」0396b11
309插入「忉利」0396b11
310替換「便」0450a25「復」0396b11
311替換「曰」0450a25「言」0396b12
312替換「贍部洲」0450a25「閻浮提」0396b12
313刪除「,」0450a25
314替換「傍」0450a25「畜」0396b12
315刪除「共」0450a26
316插入「於」0396b12
317插入「流水」0396b13
318替換「流水施」0450a26「與」0396b13
319替換「餅」0450a27「飲」0396b13
320插入「解」0396b14
321刪除「法」0450a27
322插入「因」0396b14
323替換「起及陀羅尼,復」0450a27「并」0396b14
324替換「髻」0450a28「勝」0396b14
325刪除「,能」0450a28
326插入「輩」0396b15
327插入「,」0396b15
328插入「等」0396b15
329替換「咸應詣彼」0450a29「當往至」0396b16
330刪除「,」0450b01
331插入「,」0396b16
332替換「即於」0450b01「從忉利」0396b17
333替換「沒」0450b02「下閻浮提」0396b17
334替換「贍部洲」0450b02「流水長者子」0396b17
335替換「所」0450b02「家」0396b18
336插入0396b18
337刪除「高」0450b02
338插入「屋」0396b18
339替換「安隱而」0450b03「露臥眠」0396b18
340替換「時」0450b03「是」0396b18
341刪除「共」0450b03
342插入「、天妙」0396b19
343替換「面」0450b04「頭」0396b19
344替換「處,」0450b04「邊、」0396b20
345刪除「於」0450b05
346替換「,」0450b05「邊、」0396b20
347替換「花」0450b06「華」0396b21
348替換「花,」0450b06「華」0396b21
349刪除「,光明普照」0450b06
350替換「,令贍部洲」0450b07「。閻浮提中」0396b22
351替換「悟」0450b08「寤」0396b23
352插入「流水」0396b23
353刪除「流水」0450b08
354刪除「時」0450b09
355刪除「為供養已,即」0450b09
356插入「上」0396b24
357替換「而去」0450b09「遊行」0396b24
358刪除「,」0450b10
359替換「花,」0450b11「華;」0396b25
360刪除「,」0450b11
361替換「中」0450b11「所復」0396b26
362刪除「眾」0450b11
363替換「花」0450b12「華」0396b26
364替換「於」0450b12「從」0396b26
365刪除「,」0450b12
366替換「天」0450b12「忉利」0396b26
367刪除「殿」0450b12
368刪除「,」0450b12
369插入「天」0396b27
370刪除「樂」0450b13
371插入「時閻浮提過是夜已,」0396b27
372刪除「至天曉已,」0450b13
373替換「忽」0450b14「示」0396b28
374替換「希有」0450b14「淨妙」0396b28
375替換「放」0450b14「有」0396b29
376替換「!有」0450b15「,忉利」0396b29
377刪除「眾」0450b15
378插入「流水」0396c01
379刪除「流水」0450b16
380刪除「中,」0450b16
381插入「、」0396c01
382替換「天」0450b16「不可計」0396c02
383替換「花,積至于膝」0450b17「華」0396c02
384插入「即」0396c02
385替換「曰」0450b17「卿」0396c02
386替換「詣」0450b17「可往至彼」0396c02
387插入「善言誘喻,」0396c03
388替換「取其子」0450b17「令使來」0396c03
389刪除「,」0450b18
390刪除「奉」0450b18
391替換「命」0450b18「教令」0396c04
392插入「是」0396c04
393刪除「子」0450b19
394插入「是0396c04
395刪除「子」0450b19
396替換「曰」0450b19「問長者」0396c05
397刪除「昨夜」0450b19
398刪除「希有」0450b20
399刪除「如」0450b20
400替換思惟,0450b20「必」0396c06
401替換「應」0450b21「知」0396c06
402替換「彼池內眾」0450b21「十千」0396c06
403替換「,如經所說,」0450b21「其」0396c06
404插入「已」0396c06
405刪除「之後得生三十三天,彼來報恩,故現如是希奇之相」0450b21
406插入「時大」0396c06
407刪除「曰:『何以得知?』流水答」0450b23
408替換「王」0450b23「今」0396c06
409替換「使」0450b24「人審實是事。』爾時」0396c07
410替換「并我二」0450b24「流水尋遣其」0396c07
411替換「,往」0450b24「至」0396c07
412替換「驗」0450b24「看是諸魚死活定實。爾時,」0396c08
413替換「虛實,彼十千魚為死為活?』王」0450b24「子」0396c08
414替換「,即便遣使及子」0450b25「已」0396c08
415插入「於」0396c09
416刪除「邊」0450b26
417插入「既至池已」0396c09
418插入「摩訶」0396c09
419替換「花」0450b26「華積聚成𧂐」0396c10
420替換「積成大聚,」0450b26「其中」0396c10
421替換「並死,」0450b27「悉皆命終。」0396c10
422替換「馳」0450b27「即」0396c11
423替換「為」0450b27,白其父言:『彼諸魚等悉已命終。』「爾時,流水知是事已,復往0396c11
424替換「廣說」0450b27「所作如是言:『是十千魚悉皆命終」0396c12
425插入「』」0396c13
426刪除「,歎未曾有」0450b28
427替換「佛」0450b28「世尊」0396c14
428插入「道場」0396c14
429替換「汝今當」0450b29「欲」0396c14
430替換「昔」0450b29「爾」0396c14
431插入「流水」0396c15
432刪除「流水者」0450b29
433替換「即」0450c01「今」0396c15
434刪除「持水長者即妙幢是;彼之二子,」0450c01
435替換「滿即銀幢」0450c02「空,今羅睺羅」0396c15
436替換「,」0450c02「;」0396c16
437替換「即銀光」0450c02「,今阿難」0396c16
438替換「彼天自在光王者,即汝菩提樹神是;」0450c03「時」0396c16
439替換「即」0450c04「,今」0396c16
440替換「。因」0450c04「,是故,」0396c17
441替換「往昔以水濟魚,與食令飽,」0450c04「今」0396c17
442替換「說甚深十二緣起,并此相應陀羅尼呪,又為稱彼寶髻佛名,因此善根得生天上,今來我所,歡喜聽法。我皆當為」0450c05「其」0396c17
443刪除「於」0450c07
444刪除「,說其名號」0450c08
445替換「善女天!如我往昔於生死中,輪迴諸有,廣為利益」0450c08「爾時樹神現半身者」0396c18
446刪除「無量眾生悉令次第成無上覺,與其授記,」0450c10
447替換「等皆應勤求出離,勿為放逸」0450c11「身是」0396c18
448十一刪除「爾時大眾聞說是已,悉皆悟解,由大慈悲救護一切,勤修苦行,方能證獲無上菩提,咸發深心,信受歡喜。」0450c11

三、唯識義之經據(眼)

本目以本經所說為地,以慧沼《金光明最勝王經疏》為鏡。鏡照經義,不以疏家的科名、解難與判釋代作經文自說。

一、由救命到授記之因。 經先明流水施水、施食,使魚離眼前死難;再明他發願「願於來世當施法食充濟無邊」〔T16n0665 0449b25〕,稱寶髻如來名,說十二緣起及相應陀羅尼。佛陀結會時把因果明說為:「因我往昔以水濟魚,與食令飽,為說甚深十二緣起,并此相應陀羅尼呪,又為稱彼寶髻佛名,因此善根得生天上」〔T16n0665 0450c04〕。慧沼因而以本品『正說記因』照讀全篇,不把任何一項善根抹去。

二、流水二義與不獨名救魚。 慧沼依經中「一能流水,二能與水」〔T16n0665 0449a13〕說名——能使水流來、能把水給與眾生,德行雙彰;且救魚之行旁及禽獸、國王、王臣與聽聞者,故不把本品收窄為單一救魚名目。

三、悲心救苦與慈心與樂。 經直說流水見魚「生大悲心」〔T16n0665 0449a10〕。慧沼把運水、施食判為悲心救苦,把發願、稱名、說法判為慈心與樂;這一分層是疏家所判。水、食、佛名、緣起與陀羅尼在經文中仍依次俱足。

四、顯說與密說的兩讀。 慧沼同疏並存兩種表述:「下為說法,有二:初顯說、後密說。或初說法令解、後說呪為護。」〔T39n1788 0327c17〕前一讀以緣起為顯說、陀羅尼為密說;後一讀以說法令解、說呪為護。兩讀並錄,不擇一說。

五、三種緣生。 慧沼依《雜集論》列「無作緣生、二無常緣生、三勢用緣生」〔T39n1788 0327c26〕:『此有故彼有』配無作緣生,『此生故彼生』配無常緣生,十二支各有差別勢用則配勢用緣生。初二通一切有為,第三約有情法;這是疏家義門,不增為經文另列三支。

慧沼同疏內部異解全錄

以下逐項保存本品正疏中以『或』『又』『一云』『二云』及問答方式並存的讀法,不以後一說消去前一說。

  1. 緣起總名四釋。 一是「由煩惱繫縛,往諸趣中數數生起」〔T39n1788 0328c27〕;二是「依詫眾緣速謝滅已續和合生」〔T39n1788 0328c29〕;三是「眾緣過去而不捨離,依自相續而得生起」〔T39n1788 0329a02〕;四是「於過去世覺緣性已,等相續起」〔T39n1788 0329a05〕。四釋依次從繫縛趣生、剎那生滅、眾緣相續與覺悟宣說立名,全部保留。
  2. 雜染與清淨各有順逆。 疏列「一依觀雜染、二依觀清淨」〔T39n1788 0329a07〕,又說「雜染順逆故,清淨順逆故」〔T39n1788 0329a09〕。雜染順觀依十二支流轉,雜染逆觀依安立諦;清淨順觀依十二支還滅,清淨逆觀從老死無、老死滅逆推至行無、行滅。四路並存。
  3. 雜染逆觀的遠近方便。 遠方便作七十七智,近方便作四十四智;兩者的分位又有「或資糧、加行二道別故。或俱加行,但前後別」〔T39n1788 0329a13〕兩解。七十七智以三世各支的推因、審因及法住智成數;四十四智以十一支各觀苦、集、滅、趣滅行成數;兩種算法不互改。
  4. 雜染觀稱有漏的兩解。 四十四智說畢,慧沼對『此有漏觀』保存「或觀體有漏,或觀有漏法,即通聖智」〔T39n1788 0329b04〕兩路:前者從觀體說,後者從所觀有漏法說,因而得通聖智。
  5. 無明與行支的報業邊界。 無明正支取「取分別中能發感總別報或唯感總報者,為無明支體」〔T39n1788 0328b01〕,兼支又通俱生分別;正發與助發並分「正發業者唯見所斷,助者不定」〔T39n1788 0328b04〕。行支則有「唯感總報及通感總別二業為性。唯感別報即非行支」〔T39n1788 0328b06〕,又分假通身語表色與實唯是思。總報、總別報、正發、助發、假實諸層全存。
  6. 識支的正體與通說。 慧沼以行支所感第八異熟識種為正體;對「有處說通現行及六識」〔T39n1788 0328b13〕,則判為汎明識支,或依當來現起分位而說。種子正體與分位通說分層保存。
  7. 名色的總別兩門。 疏先以除識、六處、觸、受四因之外的異熟法為名色支,又保留「或名色種總攝五因,於中隨勝立餘四種」〔T39n1788 0328c02〕之總攝說;經中名謂四蘊是約總名,五支分立則約別說。
  8. 愛支的正潤、助潤與所緣。 愛支正體唯俱生,助潤不定;一面引「正潤生者唯修所斷」〔T39n1788 0328c05〕,一面又錄「全界煩惱皆能潤生」〔T39n1788 0328c06〕為助說。所緣則是「雖通緣內外法,然論多說緣外境生名為愛支」〔T39n1788 0328c07〕;正、助與內外所緣各依其層。
  9. 取支的廣體與愛增說。 取支正體通一切俱生煩惱,助通分別;對「有處唯說愛增名取」〔T39n1788 0328c09〕,疏解為愛潤作用較勝而如此說,實仍攝其餘煩惱。
  10. 有支的兩種偏說。 有支以行及識等五果種受愛取潤為體;另有「唯說業名有支」〔T39n1788 0328c13〕與「唯說識等五名有支」〔T39n1788 0328c14〕兩種偏說,前者取能正感異熟果,後者取親生當來生老死位,依所重不同並錄。
  11. 十二支種現之說。 《十地論》說十二有支皆有子時、果時,《緣起經》與《唯識論》又依已潤位說能引、所引同時;慧沼最後限明這是相從而說,「非實剋體皆通種現」〔T39n1788 0328c24〕。種現通說與剋體分判俱存。
  12. 諸處差別的兩層會通。 對緣起支或現或種、或總或別的差別,慧沼一面說「餘說不同,或就當來現起分位假實合說」〔T39n1788 0329b13〕,另一面說「或有就三乘通說」〔T39n1788 0329b15〕。當來分位的假實合說與三乘通說並存,各自說明差別所由。
  13. 逆觀齊識退還的兩解。 初解以未來苦集之邊際至識,識與名色如束蘆相依,故「觀察齊識退還,故不至於行、無明支」〔T39n1788 0329c06〕;又解則「或緣現老死觀近遠因,因皆過去,即至愛支」〔T39n1788 0329c15〕,前解合觀現未老死而別觀其因,後解合觀因而別觀老死。兩解並錄。
  14. 逆觀止處的其餘問答。 有處從無明觀至生而止,疏答是「約機欲性尋因果說」〔T39n1788 0329c21〕,因老死無果而止於生支;有處逆觀至名色支,疏答「據業種為識支說,以識攝在名色中」〔T39n1788 0329c23〕。齊識、至愛、至生、至名色各有其說法條件,不裁成單一路線。
  15. 品末領悟的兩重解答。 對大眾何以悟解大慈悲苦行方得菩提,慧沼先說這是「傍義故」〔T39n1788 0331a10〕;又說「十千亦行苦行等,後方得菩提,故皆行學」〔T39n1788 0331a10〕。傍義與勸學兩層同錄,不把十千天子在本品所得改寫成即時成佛。

四、諸家異釋(古德·標宗·誌錄不判)

慈恩·慧沼《金光明最勝王經疏》

本品在疏卷六,卷題為「金光明最勝王經疏卷第六」〔T39n1788 0318a19〕,本卷署「翻經沙門慧沼撰」〔T39n1788 0318a22〕;本品題「長者子流水品第二十五」〔T39n1788 0326b02〕,正疏止於 0331a11。卷首 0181c、0182c、0191c 一帶所見只是目次,不作正疏。

慧沼逐文把救魚行分作眷屬、救魚、諸天聞讚、魚報恩四部,又將實際救援開成見異相、起悲、求水、施食、發願、稱名、緣起、陀羅尼等層;報恩段再分下天、報德、還天,報德又分『報長者恩』『報國王恩』『報生處恩』〔T39n1788 0330c07–c10〕。這是疏家分類;經文只直敘天子議報長者恩、在國中雨花、回池雨花。

天台·智顗《金光明經文句》

本品在《文句》卷六,卷署「隋天台智者大師說」〔T39n1785 0078b04〕、「門人灌頂錄」〔T39n1785 0078b05〕,科題為「釋流水品」〔T39n1785 0082a06〕。

智顗以與水、流水各開二義:「與水者,與安樂水也,一世安樂、二出世安樂。」〔T39n1785 0082a07〕又說「流水者,流除苦惱水也,一果報苦惱、二業因苦惱。」〔T39n1785 0082a10〕世間安樂取象負水救魚,出世安樂取法食與記;果報苦惱取治病救魚,業因苦惱取三歸、十二因緣與十號。其報恩又分事、理二義,以四十千瓔珞表水、食、因緣、十號四澤及常、樂、我、淨四德;此為天台逐文疏的旁照,不改作經直說。

宋山家·知禮《金光明經文句記》

本品所在卷題為「金光明經文句記卷第六〔上〕」〔T39n1786 0149c15〕,卷署「宋四明沙門知禮述」〔T39n1786 0149c17〕。知禮以「二、〈流水品〉,二:初、解題」〔T39n1786 0152b15〕起逐文記,先承智顗的與水、流水二義,說「初則大慈與樂,次則大悲拔苦」〔T39n1786 0152b18〕;繼而依眷屬、見魚、救魚、與水、施食、發願、說法、魚生天報恩、王見光瑞及結會古今逐段科解。

知禮於說法段把十號置於果、十二因緣置於因,並以三德、三道解讀;於報恩段又以事、理二層解四十千瓔珞。這些都是《文句記》的天台判釋,不替代 T665 或慧沼正疏。它與 T1784《玄義拾遺記》分書、分層。

三論·吉藏《金光明經疏》

吉藏本品逐文疏起於「〈流水長者子品〉」〔T39n1787 0173a01〕,下段 0173a18 已轉〈捨身品〉。他把本品判為得記近因,與前三相較有三異:「一者前於同類人道生慈,此中異類畜生生慈;二者前治身病之慈,此除心病之慈;三者前明世間之慈,此明出世之慈。」〔T39n1787 0173a02〕又分除病之德、救魚之功、結會古今三大段,於救魚中分財施、法施,於報恩中分生天、報恩、國王覺悟。此科判與慈恩、天台各還其宗,並錄不判。

知禮《金光明經玄義拾遺記》玄義層

T1784 是釋《玄義》的玄義層,不是上列逐文記。它以「正論治病、救魚飼虎」〔T39n1784 0045a01〕總攝後文為本經生善滅惡的力用;這是一則全經玄義旁照,不冒充 T1786 的本品科題。T1783《玄義》未見本品直名逐文段,故不虛列。

智顗以二水四義開品,知禮《文句記》承而展三德、三道,吉藏以記近因及財法二施分篇,慧沼則依義淨本逐文詳疏至陀羅尼、大眾悟解。四家所依、層次與科判全部並錄,不互相裁勝。


五、術語

長者子流水。 『長者子』既標其為持水長者之子,也保存其自身長養眾生之德;『流水』由「一能流水,二能與水」〔T16n0665 0449a13〕立名。能使水流來、能把水給與眾生,兩義俱存,不縮成單一救魚名目。

水肩藏、水滿、水藏。 這是 T665 的妻子與二子名;舊二本作水空龍藏、水空、水藏。名對只供異譯辨識,不用其中一組回改另一組。

寶髻如來。 T665 作寶髻,舊二本作寶勝。流水唱如來十號,又述其往昔願:臨命終者聞名,命終後生三十三天;異譯各守其佛名及天處稱法。

十二緣起。 經先順說無明至老死、憂悲苦惱的流轉次第,再順說無明滅至老死、憂悲苦惱滅的還滅次第。憂悲苦惱依老死而起,慧沼明說「非是支攝」〔T39n1788 0328c25〕,故不另立第十三支。

十二緣起相應陀羅尼。 本品先說緣起法,後宣相應陀羅尼;四王又另說護法呪。兩段皆是古德所傳音寫,不義譯、不正字化、不據近代校本還原。四王呪內所傳夾註「徒洽,下同」〔T16n0665 0450a17〕保留在原位。

十千魚、十千天子。 經中樹神報數十千,魚後同時命終生天,佛陀最後結會為十千天子。數目、得生、報恩與受記因緣都依經文枚舉,不擴作未列眾類。

四十千真珠瓔珞。 十千天子於流水面邊、足處、右脇、左脇各置十千;大臣因而總報四十千。四方位不可縮成泛稱若干瓔珞。


六、譬喻·修辭

名與行相應。 樹神不只催促救魚,還以名字反照行動:既名流水,便須能流水、能與水。名稱在此不是稱號裝飾,而是一道要求行德與名字相符的勸語。

從蔭涼到滿池。 流水先四方求水不得,便折大樹枝葉為魚遮日;再追索水源,見漁人決斷上流,而斷口深險,百千人歷三月也難修補。他沒有停在不能獨辦,而是回城向王借二十大象,再向酒家借皮囊,運水使池復滿。經文以求不得、暫遮蔭、尋源、借力、運水五層,把悲心寫成不斷改換可行方法的動勢。

從水食到法食。 魚循岸不捨,流水知其飢逼,連父母、妻子、奴婢原有食分也全部取來遍施;魚飽足後,他發願來世施法食。物命先得水食,法命再得佛名、緣起與陀羅尼,兩面相續而不互相取代。

四王三頌。 四大天王先讚釋迦說與十二支相應的妙法明呪,再誓以自呪擁護此法,末以違逆者頭破七分如蘭香梢作誡。三頌之後另起護法呪,偈與呪不混作一段譯義。

天界報恩的四方與三處。 十千天子在流水面、足、右脇、左脇四處各置瓔珞,又雨兩種曼陀羅花、放光、奏樂;其後在王國處處雨蓮花,再回原池雨花。慧沼把後三處判作報長者、國王、生處三恩;經文自身則以行動逐處敘明。


七、互讀·承衍

前承〈除病品〉。 〈除病品〉先說流水遍療國人,本品開頭以國人病癒、修福、稱讚大醫王續接。慧沼說前品廣緣起、本品正說記因;知禮逐文記則把「〈除病〉、〈流水〉」〔T39n1786 0150b27〕置於同一大科。兩品相連有經事與古德科文雙重實料。

由水食承衍到法食。 流水所願不是止於一次救命,而是「願於來世當施法食充濟無邊」〔T16n0665 0449b25〕。他隨即稱佛名、說緣起、宣陀羅尼;佛陀最後再以這幾項善根解明生天與受記之因。水、食、法與佛名,一同列為得生天上的善根。

由本品承衍至〈捨身品〉。 本品結明十千魚即十千天子;下一品以「世尊已為大眾說此十千天子往昔因緣」〔T16n0665 0450c22〕明文承接,再由『非但施水及食』轉說捨身往因。這是經文自己的品際轉接,不以物理卷縫代替義脈。

慈恩與天台、三論互讀。 慧沼從發心、救苦與樂、顯密二說、緣起四門及得記因緣照讀;智顗與知禮從與水、流水、十號、十二因緣和四德展開;吉藏從異類生慈、財施法施及記近因分判。三家互讀承衍同一經事,而宗義說明各守其家、誌錄不判。


八、校本定位

  1. 本譯注正文只以義淨譯 T16n0665 品身 0448c23–0450c14 為底本;卷九尾題、卷十首題、卷十譯署與品26題都不入本品。
  2. T16n0663 品16 0352b16–0353c20、T16n0664 品21 0395b20–0396c18 是同一故事的異譯見證。三本品題、對告、名對、詳略、標點與結會各守原字;三組一千零四十七條差分全部列出,不從差分方向推斷文本先後。
  3. T665 的十二緣起相應陀羅尼、四王偈與護法呪、大眾悟解,在兩舊本指定品身沒有相應段;此處只記品身對位事實,不推論文本來源或先後。
  4. 慧沼正疏只取 T39n1788 0326b02–0331a11;卷首目次不作正疏。慧沼牒經仍屬 T1788,不與 T665 經文錨互換。
  5. 智顗逐文疏取 T39n1785 0082a06–0082b05;知禮逐文記取 T39n1786 0152b15–0153c13;吉藏逐文疏取 T39n1787 0173a01–0173a17。T1784 只作玄義層旁照;T1783 不虛列本品逐文段。
  6. 兩段呪文照 T665 原字、全形空白、重複音節、異體及夾註傳錄,不義譯、不整飭。古德疏中所牒呪文另守其書,不用疏牒回改底本。

本品以大悲見苦,以方便求水,以布施濟命,以佛名、緣起與陀羅尼續其法命,終以報恩、結會與授記顯明善根之果。三譯與四家疏記的差異既全部明誌,讀者便可在不混本、不代裁的前提下,看見這一條從救魚承衍至菩提記的因緣。

Placement of the Whole Chapter This chapter carries forward Flowing Water’s healing work from Curing Illness. It next relates how he rescues fish with water, sustains life with food, invokes a buddha’s name, and teaches the twelvefold dependent arising and its corresponding dhāraṇī. The 10,000 fish die, are born in heaven, and return to the human world to repay kindness. The Buddha then identifies the persons of past and present and explains the cause for the 10,000 divine princes’ predictions. All three translations contain this chapter; the two earlier recensions entitle it The Merchant’s Son Flowing Water. Names and terms, expansions and abbreviations, punctuation, and identities in the concluding identifications are preserved in each recension’s original characters and recorded without adjudicating which is superior.


Doctrinal-Outline Placement

Yijing’s chapter title is 「金光明最勝王經長者子流水品第二十五」—“The Sūtra of Golden Light, the Supreme King, The Merchant’s Son Flowing Water, Chapter Twenty-Five” 〔T16n0665 0448c22〕. The chapter body begins at 0448c23 and ends on the line 「信受歡喜」—“accepted it in faith and rejoiced” 〔T16n0665 0450c14〕, containing 2,528 Han characters. The fascicle-nine end title follows at 0450c15, the fascicle-ten opening title at 0450c18, the fascicle-ten translator attribution at 0450c20, and only then the title of Giving Up the Body, Chapter Twenty-Six at 0450c21. Fascicle titles and translator attribution do not belong to this chapter.

The chapter establishes no internal outline headings of its own. Its continuous narrative proceeds through healing and praise, seeing the fish and giving rise to compassion, seeking water and borrowing elephants, giving food and making a vow, invoking a buddha and teaching Dharma, two formula passages, the fishes’ heavenly rebirth and repayment of kindness, the king’s verification of the wondrous signs, identification of past and present, and the assembly’s understanding.

Huizhao opens the chapter through three gates: reason for arrival, explanation of the name, and resolution of difficulties. The reason for arrival connects the chapter to the question about the predictions of the 10,000 divine princes: 「前〈授記品〉末雖為略陳,未能明解,故〈除病〉、〈流水〉二品更為廣辨,令眾深知。前品廣其緣起,此品正說記因,故有此品。」—“Although the end of the Bestowal of Predictions chapter stated the matter briefly, it did not explain it clearly. The Curing Illness and Flowing Water chapters therefore distinguish it more extensively so that the assembly may know it deeply. The preceding chapter extensively presents its causes and conditions; this chapter directly explains the cause of prediction. Hence this chapter arises” 〔T39n1788 0326b04〕. His explanation of the name discloses both status and conduct: 「流水者,以行彰名,明其行勝。又自亦是長者,為簡其父復稱為子。以有養人長魚之德,故號長者。流水二義:一能流水、二能與水。從行為名,此乃德行雙彰。」—“Flowing Water is a name manifested through conduct, showing the excellence of his conduct. He is himself also a merchant, but is additionally called ‘son’ to distinguish him from his father. Because he has the virtue of sustaining people and nurturing fish, he is called merchant. Flowing Water has two meanings: first, being able to make water flow; second, being able to give water. Named from conduct, it displays both virtue and practice” 〔T39n1788 0326b11〕. Asked why the chapter is not simply named Rescuing the Fish, he answers: 「流水義廣,因為救魚亦沾餘類,故不獨名救魚品。」—“The meaning of Flowing Water is broad. Because rescuing the fish also benefits other classes of beings, the chapter is not named solely Rescuing the Fish” 〔T39n1788 0326b16〕.

For the chapter’s major divisions, Huizhao gives four: 『歎結醫能』—“praise concluding his medical ability,” 『救魚行』—“the practice of rescuing the fish,” 『結會今古』—“identifying present and past,” and 『領悟依學』—“understanding and learning accordingly” 〔T39n1788 0326b25–0326c01〕. This is the commentator’s outline; it is not rewritten as four sections established by the scripture itself.

Under the preceding chapter’s outline, Zhili’s Record of the Textual Commentary on the Sūtra of Golden Light pairs the two chapters with the exact heading 「〈除病〉、〈流水〉」—“Curing Illness and Flowing Water” 〔T39n1786 0150b27〕. At this chapter he separately marks 「二、〈流水品〉」—“second, the Flowing Water Chapter” 〔T39n1786 0152b15〕. The former is structural evidence for cross-reading the two chapters, and the latter is the formal heading for the line-by-line record of this chapter. Both are noted without replacing this edition’s chapter spine.


Alternate Translations · Collation of the Three Translations

The Three Principal Chapter Titles and Boundaries

All three translations contain the same story of rescuing the fish, teaching the Dharma, repaying kindness, and identifying the assembly. All are therefore principal witnesses to the chapter. The comparison below aligns only the chapter bodies of the three recensions and records their agreements and differences.

RecensionChapter titleTranslation attribution for this chapterChapter bodyHan-character count
T16n0663「金光明經流水長者子品第十六」—“The Sūtra of Golden Light, The Merchant’s Son Flowing Water, Chapter Sixteen” 〔T16n0663 0352b15〕「北涼三藏法師曇無讖譯」—“Translated by the Tripiṭaka Dharma master Dharmakṣema of Northern Liang” 〔T16n0663 0352b14〕0352b16–0353c201,949
T16n0664「金光明經流水長者子品第二十一」—“The Sūtra of Golden Light, The Merchant’s Son Flowing Water, Chapter Twenty-One” 〔T16n0664 0395b18〕「北涼曇無讖譯」—“Translated by Dharmakṣema of Northern Liang” 〔T16n0664 0395b19〕0395b20–0396c181,948
T16n0665「金光明最勝王經長者子流水品第二十五」—“The Sūtra of Golden Light, the Supreme King, The Merchant’s Son Flowing Water, Chapter Twenty-Five” 〔T16n0665 0448c22〕「大唐三藏沙門義淨奉 制譯」—“Imperially commissioned translation by the Tripiṭaka śramaṇa Yijing of the Great Tang” 〔T16n0665 0444a14〕0448c23–0450c142,528

The chapter titles order the words as either 『長者子流水』—“the merchant’s son Flowing Water” or 『流水長者子』—“Flowing Water, the merchant’s son.” The addressee is expressed as 「佛告菩提樹神」—“the Buddha told the deity of the bodhi tree” 〔T16n0665 0448c23〕 in one recension and 「佛告樹神」—“the Buddha told the tree deity” 〔T16n0663 0352b16〕 / 「佛告樹神」—“the Buddha told the tree deity” 〔T16n0664 0395b20〕 in the other two. All three begin with Flowing Water, the realm of King Light of Divine Mastery, the healing and recovery of the sick, and the people’s cultivation of merit. Differences in word order and form of address therefore do not obstruct alignment of the story.

Eleven-Segment Alignment

SegmentContentT16n0665T16n0663T16n0664
1Healing and recovery, followed by the people’s praise0448c230352b160395b20
2Family, wilderness, pond fish, and the tree deity’s exhortation to rescue them0449a020352b22/0352b280395b26
3Seeking water, borrowing elephants, and carrying water until the pond is full0449a160352c07/0352c20/0352c290395c10/0395c11/0395c22/0396a02
4Seeing their hunger, obtaining food, giving food, and making a vow0449b120353a04/0353a08/0353a140396a06/0396a09/0396a16
5Invoking the buddha’s name and teaching the twelvefold dependent arising0449b260353a19/0353a230396a19
6Dhāraṇī corresponding to the twelvefold dependent arising0449c22No corresponding passage in the chapter bodyNo corresponding passage in the chapter body
7Humans and gods praise the unprecedented event; the four kings’ verses and protective formula0450a04/0450a07/0450a13No corresponding passage in the chapter bodyNo corresponding passage in the chapter body
8The fish die, are born in heaven, and descend to repay kindness0450a200353b07/0353b170396b06/0396b18
9The king asks about the wondrous signs and sends people to verify the fishes’ fate0450b130353b28/0353c06/0353c080396b27/0396c04/0396c11
10Identification of past and present and the causes and conditions of prediction0450b280353c150396c14
11The assembly understands and accepts in faith0450c11No corresponding passage in the chapter bodyNo corresponding passage in the chapter body

Name Correspondences and Concluding Identifications across the Translations

ReferentT16n0665T16n0663T16n0664
Addressee「佛告菩提樹神」—“the Buddha told the deity of the bodhi tree” 〔0448c23〕「佛告樹神」—“the Buddha told the tree deity” 〔0352b16〕「佛告樹神」—“the Buddha told the tree deity” 〔0395b20〕
Wife’s name「妻名水肩藏」—“his wife was named Water-Shoulder Treasury” 〔0449a03〕「有妻名曰水空龍藏」—“he had a wife named Water-Empty Dragon Treasury” 〔0352b23〕「有妻,名曰水空龍藏」—“he had a wife named Water-Empty Dragon Treasury” 〔0395b26〕
Two sons「一名水滿;二名水藏」—“the first was named Water-Full; the second, Water-Treasury” 〔0449a03〕「一名水空,二名水藏」—“the first was named Water-Empty; the second, Water-Treasury” 〔0352b23〕「一名、水空,二名、水藏」—“the first, Water-Empty; the second, Water-Treasury” 〔0395b27〕
Pond name「見有大池,名曰野生」—“he saw a great pond named Wild-Born” 〔0449a09〕No pond name occurs in the chapter bodyNo pond name occurs in the chapter body
River name「見一大河,名曰水生」—“he saw a great river named Water-Born” 〔0449a23〕「見一大河名曰水生」—“he saw a great river named Water-Born” 〔0352c16〕「見一大河名曰水生」—“he saw a great river named Water-Born” 〔0395c19〕
Buddha-name「寶髻如來」—“Tathāgata Jeweled Topknot” 〔0449b29〕「寶勝如來」—“Tathāgata Jeweled Victory” 〔0353a21〕「寶勝如來」—“Tathāgata Jeweled Victory” 〔0396a21〕
Continent name「贍部洲」—“Jambudvīpa” 〔0449c02〕「閻浮提」—“the transmitted name Yanfu” 〔0353a23〕「閻浮提」—“the transmitted name Yanfu” 〔0396a23〕
Heavenly abode「三十三天」—“the Heaven of the Thirty-Three” 〔0449c09〕「忉利天」—“the transmitted name Daoli Heaven” 〔0353b10〕「忉利天」—“the transmitted name Daoli Heaven” 〔0396b10〕
Class-name for the fishes’ bodies「墮傍生中,共受魚身」—“fallen among animals, they together received fish bodies” 〔0450a25〕「墮畜生中受於魚身」—“fallen among animals, they received fish bodies” 〔0353b12〕「墮畜生中,受於魚身」—“fallen among animals, they received fish bodies” 〔0396b12〕
One necklace placement「置其面邊」—“placed beside his face” 〔0450b04〕「置其頭邊」—“placed beside his head” 〔0353b20〕「置其頭邊」—“placed beside his head” 〔0396b19〕
Identification of Flowing Water「昔時長者子流水者,即我身是」—“the merchant’s son Flowing Water at that time was I myself” 〔0450b29〕「爾時流水長者子,今我身是」—“the merchant’s son Flowing Water at that time is now I myself” 〔0353c16〕「爾時流水長者子,今我身是」—“the merchant’s son Flowing Water at that time is now I myself” 〔0396c14〕
Identification of the father「持水長者即妙幢是」—“the merchant Holding Water was Wonderful Banner” 〔0450c01〕The father is not identified in the chapter bodyThe father is not identified in the chapter body
Identification of the elder son「長子水滿即銀幢是」—“the elder son Water-Full was Silver Banner” 〔0450c02〕「長子水空,今羅睺羅是」—“the elder son Water-Empty is now Rāhula” 〔0353c17〕「長子水空,今羅睺羅是」—“the elder son Water-Empty is now Rāhula” 〔0396c15〕
Identification of the younger son「次子水藏即銀光是」—“the younger son Water-Treasury was Silver Light” 〔0450c02〕「次子水藏,今阿難是」—“the younger son Water-Treasury is now Ānanda” 〔0353c17〕「次子水藏,今阿難是」—“the younger son Water-Treasury is now Ānanda” 〔0396c16〕
Identification of king and tree deity「彼天自在光王者,即汝菩提樹神是」—“King Light of Divine Mastery was you, the deity of the bodhi tree” 〔0450c03〕「爾時樹神現半身者,今汝身是」—“the tree deity who then appeared with half her body visible is now you” 〔0353c19〕「爾時樹神現半身者,今汝身是」—“the tree deity who then appeared with half her body visible is now you” 〔0396c18〕
Identification of fish and divine princes「十千魚者即十千天子是」—“the 10,000 fish were the 10,000 divine princes” 〔0450c03〕「時十千魚者,今十千天子是」—“the 10,000 fish at that time are now the 10,000 divine princes” 〔0353c18〕「時十千魚者,今十千天子是」—“the 10,000 fish at that time are now the 10,000 divine princes” 〔0396c16〕

Three Complete Character-by-Character Difference Tables

The following three tables compare the visible character streams across the eleven aligned segments and list every difference, including punctuation, graphic variants, additions and omissions, and the presence or absence of passages: 165 entries for T16n0663 / T16n0664, 434 for T16n0665 / T16n0663, and 448 for T16n0665 / T16n0664, totaling 1,047. “None” means only that the corresponding witness has no character at that position. The direction of a difference makes no claim about textual priority or superiority.

Complete Character-by-Character Differences: T16n0663 / T16n0664 (165 Entries)

No.SegmentTypeT16n0663 Original readingAnchorT16n0664 Original readingAnchor
11InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395b20
21Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352b16None
31Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352b17None
41Replacement「;」 — transmitted reading0352b18「。」 — transmitted reading0395b22
51InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395b22
61Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0352b18「、」 — transmitted reading0395b22
71Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0352b19「、」 — transmitted reading0395b23
81InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395b23
91Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0352b20「、」 — transmitted reading0395b24
102Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352b23None
112InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395b26
122Replacement「:」 — transmitted reading0352b23「,」 — transmitted reading0395b27
132InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0395b27
142InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0395b27
152Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352b24None
162Replacement「見諸」 — transmitted reading0352b25「多有」 — transmitted reading0395b29
172InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0395b29
182Replacement「狐」 — transmitted reading0352b26「、狗」 — transmitted reading0395b29
192InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0395b29
202InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0395b29
212Deletion「 — transmitted reading0352b28None
222InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c03
232Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0352c01「。」 — transmitted reading0395c04
242InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c05
252Replacement「。」 — transmitted reading0352c03「!」 — transmitted reading0395c06
262InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0395c07
272InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0395c08
283InsertionNone「 — transmitted reading0395c11
293InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c12
303Replacement「宛」 — transmitted reading0352c10「婉」 — transmitted reading0395c13
313Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352c11None
323InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c14
333Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352c12None
343InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c16
353Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352c13None
363Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352c14None
373InsertionNone「:『」 — transmitted reading0395c17
383InsertionNone「』」 — transmitted reading0395c17
393Replacement「覓」 — transmitted reading0352c15「索」 — transmitted reading0395c18
403InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c19
413Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352c17None
423InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c20
433Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352c17None
443Replacement「險」 — transmitted reading0352c17「嶮」 — transmitted reading0395c20
453Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352c18None
463InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c20
473Replacement「;」 — transmitted reading0352c18「。」 — transmitted reading0395c21
483Replacement「險」 — transmitted reading0352c18「嶮」 — transmitted reading0395c21
493Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0352c19「:『」 — transmitted reading0395c21
503InsertionNone「』」 — transmitted reading0395c22
513Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352c20None
523InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c23
533Replacement「住」 — transmitted reading0352c21「坐」 — transmitted reading0395c23
543Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352c25None
553InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c27
563InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c28
573Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0352c27None
583InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c29
593InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a01
603Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353a01None
613Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353a02None
623InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a04
633Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353a02None
644Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353a04None
654Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353a06None
664InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a09
674Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353a08None
684Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353a11None
694InsertionNone。」 — transmitted reading0396a13
704Deletion — transmitted reading0353a12None
714InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a13
724Deletion「 — transmitted reading0353a14None
734InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a14
744Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353a14None
754Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353a14None
764InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a15
774InsertionNone「 — transmitted reading0396a16
784InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a16
794InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a16
804InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a17
814Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353a17None
824InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a18
835InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a20
845Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353a19None
855Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353a20「 — transmitted reading0396a21
865Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353a21。」 — transmitted reading0396a22
875Deletion「 — transmitted reading0353a23None
885InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0396a24
895InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0396a24
905Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353a29None
915InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a29
925Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b01None
935Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b02None
945InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396b03
955Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b03None
965Replacement「——」 — transmitted reading0353b04「,」 — transmitted reading0396b04
975Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353b04「、」 — transmitted reading0396b04
985Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353b04「、」 — transmitted reading0396b04
995Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353b04「、」 — transmitted reading0396b04
1005Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353b05「、」 — transmitted reading0396b05
1015Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353b05「、」 — transmitted reading0396b05
1025Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353b05「、」 — transmitted reading0396b05
1035Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353b05「、」 — transmitted reading0396b05
1045Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353b06「、」 — transmitted reading0396b05
1055Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353b06「、」 — transmitted reading0396b06
1065Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353b06「、」 — transmitted reading0396b06
1075InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0396b06
1085InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0396b06
1095InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0396b06
1105InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0396b06
1115Replacement「惱」 — transmitted reading0353b06「聚」 — transmitted reading0396b06
1128InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396b07
1138Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b07None
1148InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396b09
1158Replacement「既」 — transmitted reading0353b10「即」 — transmitted reading0396b10
1168Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b11None
1178Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b12None
1188InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396b12
1198Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b13None
1208Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b14None
1218InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396b15
1228Deletion「 — transmitted reading0353b17None
1238InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396b16
1248Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b17None
1258InsertionNone「 — transmitted reading0396b18
1268Replacement「。」 — transmitted reading0353b19「,」 — transmitted reading0396b18
1278Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b19None
1288InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0396b19
1298Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353b20「、」 — transmitted reading0396b20
1308Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353b21「、」 — transmitted reading0396b20
1318Replacement「;」 — transmitted reading0353b21「,」 — transmitted reading0396b21
1328Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b22None
1338Replacement「;作」 — transmitted reading0353b22「,」 — transmitted reading0396b22
1348Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b23None
1358Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b25None
1368Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b26None
1378Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0353b26「;」 — transmitted reading0396b25
1389Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b29None
1399Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353b29None
1409InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396b29
1419Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353c02None
1429InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0396c01
1439InsertionNone「卿」 — transmitted reading0396c02
1449Deletion「卿」 — transmitted reading0353c04None
1459InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396c03
1469InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396c04
1479Replacement「尋」 — transmitted reading0353c06「即」 — transmitted reading0396c04
1489Deletion「 — transmitted reading0353c08None
1499InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396c07
1509Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353c09None
1519Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353c09None
1529InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396c08
1539Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353c10None
1549InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396c09
1559Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353c11None
1569Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353c11None
1579InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396c11
1589InsertionNone「 — transmitted reading0396c11
1599InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396c11
1609Replacement「至」 — transmitted reading0353c14「往」 — transmitted reading0396c12
1619InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396c13
16210InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396c14
16310Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0353c15None
16410Replacement「。」 — transmitted reading0353c18「,」 — transmitted reading0396c17
16510InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396c17

Complete Character-by-Character Differences: T16n0665 / T16n0663 (434 Entries)

No.SegmentTypeT16n0665 Original readingAnchorT16n0663 Original readingAnchor
11Deletion「爾時,」 — transmitted reading0448c23None
21Deletion「菩提」 — transmitted reading0448c23None
31Deletion「善女天!」 — transmitted reading0448c23None
41InsertionNone「流水」 — transmitted reading0352b16
51Deletion流水 · Flowing Water0448c23None
61Deletion「往昔時,在」 — transmitted reading0448c24None
71Replacement「療諸」 — transmitted reading0448c24「治一切」 — transmitted reading0352b17
81Replacement「所有病」 — transmitted reading0448c25「無量」 — transmitted reading0352b17
91InsertionNone「患已」 — transmitted reading0352b17
101Replacement「得」 — transmitted reading0448c25「其身體」 — transmitted reading0352b17
111InsertionNone「如本」 — transmitted reading0352b18
121Replacement「安隱」 — transmitted reading0448c25「諸快」 — transmitted reading0352b18
131Replacement「。時諸眾生」 — transmitted reading0448c25「;」 — transmitted reading0352b18
141Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0448c26None
151Replacement「修」 — transmitted reading0448c26「設」 — transmitted reading0352b18
161Replacement「廣」 — transmitted reading0448c26「修」 — transmitted reading0352b19
171Replacement「惠」 — transmitted reading0448c26「布」 — transmitted reading0352b19
181Replacement「以自歡娛。即共往詣」 — transmitted reading0448c26「尊重恭敬是」 — transmitted reading0352b19
191Deletion「所,咸生尊敬」 — transmitted reading0448c27None
201Deletion「!善哉!大」 — transmitted reading0448c28None
211Deletion「子」 — transmitted reading0448c28None
221Deletion「善」 — transmitted reading0448c28None
231Replacement「滋」 — transmitted reading0448c28「大增」 — transmitted reading0352b20
241Replacement「增」 — transmitted reading0448c29「能」 — transmitted reading0352b20
251Deletion「我等安隱壽命,仁今實是大力醫王慈悲菩薩,妙閑醫藥,善療」 — transmitted reading0448c29None
261InsertionNone「壽命,汝今真是大醫之王,善治眾生無量重」 — transmitted reading0352b21
271Replacement「苦」 — transmitted reading0449a02「,必是菩薩善解方藥」 — transmitted reading0352b22
281Deletion「如是稱歎周遍城邑。」 — transmitted reading0449a02None
292InsertionNone「,有」 — transmitted reading0352b23
302InsertionNone「曰」 — transmitted reading0352b23
312Replacement「肩」 — transmitted reading0449a03「空龍」 — transmitted reading0352b23
322Replacement「有其」 — transmitted reading0449a03「而生」 — transmitted reading0352b23
332Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449a03「:」 — transmitted reading0352b23
342Replacement「滿;」 — transmitted reading0449a03「空,」 — transmitted reading0352b24
352InsertionNone「時長者子將」 — transmitted reading0352b24
362Deletion「時流水將其」 — transmitted reading0449a04None
372Deletion「漸」 — transmitted reading0449a04None
382InsertionNone「第」 — transmitted reading0352b24
392Replacement「過」 — transmitted reading0449a05「最後到一大」 — transmitted reading0352b25
402Deletion「深險之處」 — transmitted reading0449a05None
412Replacement「禽獸豺」 — transmitted reading0449a05「虎」 — transmitted reading0352b26
422Replacement「玃鵰鷲之屬」 — transmitted reading0449a06「犬鳥獸多」 — transmitted reading0352b26
432InsertionNone「肉」 — transmitted reading0352b26
442Deletion「肉者」 — transmitted reading0449a06None
452InsertionNone「悉」 — transmitted reading0352b26
462Deletion「悉奔飛」 — transmitted reading0449a06None
472InsertionNone「馳奔」 — transmitted reading0352b26
482Deletion「如」 — transmitted reading0449a07None
492InsertionNone「言」 — transmitted reading0352b27
502Replacement「此」 — transmitted reading0449a07「是」 — transmitted reading0352b27
512Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449a07None
522Replacement「飛」 — transmitted reading0449a08「馳」 — transmitted reading0352b28
532Replacement「暫往」 — transmitted reading0449a08「逐而」 — transmitted reading0352b28
542Replacement「即」 — transmitted reading0449a08時長者子遂 — transmitted reading0352b28
552Replacement「去」 — transmitted reading0449a09「逐」 — transmitted reading0352b29
562Replacement「大」 — transmitted reading0449a09「一」 — transmitted reading0352b29
572Deletion「,名曰野生,」 — transmitted reading0449a09None
582Replacement「將盡」 — transmitted reading0449a09「枯涸」 — transmitted reading0352b29
592Replacement「此」 — transmitted reading0449a09「其」 — transmitted reading0352b29
602Replacement「眾」 — transmitted reading0449a10「諸」 — transmitted reading0352c01
612Replacement「。流水」 — transmitted reading0449a10「,時長者子」 — transmitted reading0352c01
622InsertionNone「是魚」 — transmitted reading0352c01
632Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449a10None
642Replacement「語」 — transmitted reading0449a11「言」 — transmitted reading0352c02
652Replacement「!」 — transmitted reading0449a11「,」 — transmitted reading0352c02
662InsertionNone「大」 — transmitted reading0352c03
672Replacement「!」 — transmitted reading0449a12「。此魚可愍,」 — transmitted reading0352c03
682Replacement「有實義」 — transmitted reading0449a12「可與水,是故號汝」 — transmitted reading0352c03
692InsertionNone「為」 — transmitted reading0352c04
702Deletion「者,可愍此魚,應與其水」 — transmitted reading0449a12None
712InsertionNone「復」 — transmitted reading0352c04
722Deletion「因」 — transmitted reading0449a13None
732Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449a13None
742Replacement「而作」 — transmitted reading0449a14「定實」 — transmitted reading0352c05
752Deletion「是」 — transmitted reading0449a14None
762Replacement「流水」 — transmitted reading0449a14「長者子」 — transmitted reading0352c05
772Replacement「何」 — transmitted reading0449a15「所」 — transmitted reading0352c06
782Replacement「曰」 — transmitted reading0449a15「言」 — transmitted reading0352c06
792InsertionNone「其」 — transmitted reading0352c07
802InsertionNone「具足足」 — transmitted reading0352c07
813InsertionNone「爾」 — transmitted reading0352c07
823Replacement「長者子」 — transmitted reading0449a16「流水」 — transmitted reading0352c07
833InsertionNone「復增」 — transmitted reading0352c08
843InsertionNone「生大」 — transmitted reading0352c08
853InsertionNone「善女天!」 — transmitted reading0352c08
863Replacement「大」 — transmitted reading0449a17「空」 — transmitted reading0352c08
873Replacement「,餘」 — transmitted reading0449a17「唯少」 — transmitted reading0352c09
883Replacement「無幾」 — transmitted reading0449a17「在」 — transmitted reading0352c09
893Replacement「旋身婉」 — transmitted reading0449a18「四向宛」 — transmitted reading0352c10
903Replacement「有」 — transmitted reading0449a19「生恃賴,隨是長者」 — transmitted reading0352c10
913Replacement「悕」 — transmitted reading0449a19「至方面」 — transmitted reading0352c11
923Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449a19None
933InsertionNone「是」 — transmitted reading0352c11
943Deletion「子,見是事已,」 — transmitted reading0449a19None
953Replacement「欲覓於」 — transmitted reading0449a20「推求索」 — transmitted reading0352c12
963Replacement「,竟」 — transmitted reading0449a20「了」 — transmitted reading0352c12
973Replacement「。復」 — transmitted reading0449a21「,便四顧」 — transmitted reading0352c12
983Replacement「一邊」 — transmitted reading0449a21「,」 — transmitted reading0352c13
993Replacement「,即便昇上折」 — transmitted reading0449a21「尋」 — transmitted reading0352c13
1003Replacement「為」 — transmitted reading0449a22「,還到池上與」 — transmitted reading0352c13
1013Replacement「蔭」 — transmitted reading0449a22「陰」 — transmitted reading0352c13
1023InsertionNone「作陰涼已,」 — transmitted reading0352c14
1033Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449a22None
1043InsertionNone「本」 — transmitted reading0352c14
1053Deletion「處」 — transmitted reading0449a23None
1063Replacement「尋」 — transmitted reading0449a23「即出四向周遍求」 — transmitted reading0352c15
1073Replacement「不已」 — transmitted reading0449a23「莫知水處,復更疾走遠至餘處」 — transmitted reading0352c15
1083Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449a23None
1093Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449a23「。爾」 — transmitted reading0352c16
1103Replacement「此河邊」 — transmitted reading0449a24「復」 — transmitted reading0352c16
1113Replacement「漁」 — transmitted reading0449a24「餘惡」 — transmitted reading0352c17
1123InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0352c17
1133Replacement「取」 — transmitted reading0449a24「捕此」 — transmitted reading0352c17
1143Deletion「河」 — transmitted reading0449a24None
1153Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449a25None
1163Replacement「,於所」 — transmitted reading0449a25「;然其」 — transmitted reading0352c18
1173InsertionNone「懸險難補」 — transmitted reading0352c18
1183Replacement「卒難」 — transmitted reading0449a25「計當」 — transmitted reading0352c19
1193Replacement「補。便作是念:『此崖深峻」 — transmitted reading0449a26「治經九十日」 — transmitted reading0352c19
1203Deletion「設」 — transmitted reading0449a26None
1213Replacement「,時經三月亦未」 — transmitted reading0449a27「功猶不」 — transmitted reading0352c19
1223Replacement「斷」 — transmitted reading0449a27「成」 — transmitted reading0352c20
1233Deletion「而堪濟辦」 — transmitted reading0449a27None
1243Replacement「』」 — transmitted reading0449a28「 — transmitted reading0352c20
1253InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0352c20
1263InsertionNone「疾」 — transmitted reading0352c20
1273Replacement「本城,」 — transmitted reading0449a28「反」 — transmitted reading0352c20
1283Replacement「足,」 — transmitted reading0449a29「拜」 — transmitted reading0352c21
1293Replacement「恭敬」 — transmitted reading0449a29「向王說其因緣,」 — transmitted reading0352c21
1303Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b01None
1313Deletion「悉令安隱,」 — transmitted reading0449b01None
1323Replacement「次」 — transmitted reading0449b02「漸」 — transmitted reading0352c23
1333Replacement「其」 — transmitted reading0449b02「彼」 — transmitted reading0352c23
1343Deletion「,名曰野生,」 — transmitted reading0449b02None
1353Replacement「欲」 — transmitted reading0449b03「枯」 — transmitted reading0352c23
1363InsertionNone「今日困厄」 — transmitted reading0352c24
1373Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449b03「。」 — transmitted reading0352c25
1383Deletion「慈悲愍念」 — transmitted reading0449b04None
1393Replacement「與」 — transmitted reading0449b04「借」 — transmitted reading0352c25
1403Replacement「暫往」 — transmitted reading0449b04「令得」 — transmitted reading0352c25
1413Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b05None
1423Replacement「與此醫王大象」 — transmitted reading0449b06「供給」 — transmitted reading0352c27
1433InsertionNone「爾」 — transmitted reading0352c27
1443Deletion「彼」 — transmitted reading0449b06None
1453Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b07None
1463InsertionNone「告」 — transmitted reading0352c27
1473Deletion「已」 — transmitted reading0449b07None
1483Replacement「白」 — transmitted reading0449b07「語是」 — transmitted reading0352c27
1493Deletion「子」 — transmitted reading0449b07None
1503Replacement「仁」 — transmitted reading0449b07「汝」 — transmitted reading0352c28
1513Replacement「廐」 — transmitted reading0449b08「厩」 — transmitted reading0352c28
1523Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b08None
1533Deletion「二十大象」 — transmitted reading0449b08None
1543Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b09None
1553Replacement「安」 — transmitted reading0449b09「快」 — transmitted reading0352c29
1563InsertionNone「 — transmitted reading0352c29
1573Deletion「又」 — transmitted reading0449b10None
1583Replacement「酒家多」 — transmitted reading0449b10「治城人」 — transmitted reading0353a01
1593InsertionNone「索」 — transmitted reading0353a01
1603Replacement「往」 — transmitted reading0449b10「疾至彼河上流」 — transmitted reading0353a02
1613Deletion「水」 — transmitted reading0449b10None
1623Deletion「以囊」 — transmitted reading0449b11None
1633Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b11None
1643InsertionNone「,馳疾奔還」 — transmitted reading0353a02
1653InsertionNone「空澤」 — transmitted reading0353a03
1663Replacement「瀉」 — transmitted reading0449b11「從象背上下其囊水寫」 — transmitted reading0353a03
1673Replacement「即」 — transmitted reading0449b11「遂」 — transmitted reading0353a04
1683Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b12None
1693Replacement「故」 — transmitted reading0449b12「本」 — transmitted reading0353a04
1704Deletion善女天! — transmitted reading0449b12None
1714Replacement「周旋」 — transmitted reading0449b13「彷徉」 — transmitted reading0353a05
1724Replacement「視」 — transmitted reading0449b13「行」 — transmitted reading0353a05
1734InsertionNone「是魚爾」 — transmitted reading0353a05
1744Deletion「彼眾魚」 — transmitted reading0449b13None
1754InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0353a06
1764Replacement「眾」 — transmitted reading0449b14「是」 — transmitted reading0353a06
1774Replacement「故」 — transmitted reading0449b14「緣」 — transmitted reading0353a06
1784InsertionNone「是魚」 — transmitted reading0353a07
1794Deletion「之」 — transmitted reading0449b15None
1804Deletion「逼」 — transmitted reading0449b15None
1814Replacement「於」 — transmitted reading0449b16「飲」 — transmitted reading0353a08
1824InsertionNone善女天! — transmitted reading0353a08
1834InsertionNone「流水」 — transmitted reading0353a08
1844Replacement「流水」 — transmitted reading0449b16「,」 — transmitted reading0353a08
1854Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449b18「 — transmitted reading0353a10
1864Replacement「食」 — transmitted reading0449b18「飲」 — transmitted reading0353a11
1874InsertionNone「一切聚集」 — transmitted reading0353a11
1884Replacement「皆收取,即可持」 — transmitted reading0449b19「載象上急速」 — transmitted reading0353a12
1894InsertionNone「還」 — transmitted reading0353a12
1904InsertionNone — transmitted reading0353a12
1914Replacement「受」 — transmitted reading0449b20「如」 — transmitted reading0353a12
1924Replacement「已」 — transmitted reading0449b20「勅」 — transmitted reading0353a12
1934Deletion「速」 — transmitted reading0449b20None
1944InsertionNone「至」 — transmitted reading0353a13
1954Replacement「至」 — transmitted reading0449b21「白其」 — transmitted reading0353a13
1964Deletion「所,」 — transmitted reading0449b21None
1974InsertionNone爾時二子, — transmitted reading0353a14
1984Replacement「置於」 — transmitted reading0449b22「載」 — transmitted reading0353a14
1994InsertionNone「背」 — transmitted reading0353a14
2004Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b22None
2014Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b22None
2024Replacement「彼」 — transmitted reading0449b22「空澤」 — transmitted reading0353a15
2034Deletion「邊」 — transmitted reading0449b22None
2044Deletion「是」 — transmitted reading0449b22None
2054Replacement流水 · Flowing Water0449b22「長者子」 — transmitted reading0353a15
2064Replacement「來」 — transmitted reading0449b23「還心生歡喜踊躍無量」 — transmitted reading0353a15
2074Replacement「身心喜躍,遂」 — transmitted reading0449b23「從子邊」 — transmitted reading0353a16
2084Replacement「餅」 — transmitted reading0449b23「飲」 — transmitted reading0353a16
2094Replacement「遍」 — transmitted reading0449b23「之物」 — transmitted reading0353a16
2104InsertionNone「著」 — transmitted reading0353a17
2114InsertionNone「與」 — transmitted reading0353a17
2124Deletion「得」 — transmitted reading0449b24None
2134Replacement「,悉皆飽足。便作是念」 — transmitted reading0449b24「即自思惟」 — transmitted reading0353a17
2144Replacement「施」 — transmitted reading0449b25「已能與此魚」 — transmitted reading0353a17
2154Replacement「魚得命」 — transmitted reading0449b25「其飽滿」 — transmitted reading0353a18
2164Replacement「願於」 — transmitted reading0449b25「未」 — transmitted reading0353a18
2174InsertionNone「之」 — transmitted reading0353a18
2184Deletion「充濟無邊」 — transmitted reading0449b26None
2195Deletion「我先」 — transmitted reading0449b26None
2205Replacement「於」 — transmitted reading0449b26「聞過去」 — transmitted reading0353a19
2215Replacement「林」 — transmitted reading0449b27「之」 — transmitted reading0353a19
2225InsertionNone「有一比丘」 — transmitted reading0353a19
2235Deletion「見一苾芻」 — transmitted reading0449b27None
2245InsertionNone「誦」 — transmitted reading0353a20
2255InsertionNone「方等」 — transmitted reading0353a20
2265InsertionNone「典」 — transmitted reading0353a20
2275Replacement「說十二緣生甚深法要。又」 — transmitted reading0449b27「其」 — transmitted reading0353a20
2285Replacement:「0449b28「,」 — transmitted reading0353a20
2295Replacement「髻」 — transmitted reading0449b29「勝」 — transmitted reading0353a21
2305Replacement「者,」 — transmitted reading0449b29「號」 — transmitted reading0353a21
2315Replacement。」 — transmitted reading0449b29「,」 — transmitted reading0353a21
2325Replacement「演」 — transmitted reading0449c01「解」 — transmitted reading0353a22
2335InsertionNone「因」 — transmitted reading0353a22
2345Deletion「起」 — transmitted reading0449c01None
2355Replacement「髻」 — transmitted reading0449c02「勝」 — transmitted reading0353a23
2365Replacement「然贍部洲」 — transmitted reading0449c02時閻浮提中 — transmitted reading0353a23
2375Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449c02「:」 — transmitted reading0353a23
2385Deletion「、」 — transmitted reading0449c02None
2395InsertionNone「方等」 — transmitted reading0353a24
2405Deletion「、不信」 — transmitted reading0449c03None
2415Replacement「,亦當為彼增長」 — transmitted reading0449c03「不生」 — transmitted reading0353a24
2425Replacement「心」 — transmitted reading0449c03「樂」 — transmitted reading0353a24
2435Deletion「』」 — transmitted reading0449c03None
2445Deletion「如」 — transmitted reading0449c04None
2455Replacement「念」 — transmitted reading0449c04「思惟」 — transmitted reading0353a25
2465InsertionNone「今當」 — transmitted reading0353a25
2475InsertionNone「水之」 — transmitted reading0353a25
2485Deletion「可」 — transmitted reading0449c04None
2495Replacement「眾」 — transmitted reading0449c04「是諸」 — transmitted reading0353a26
2505Replacement「作」 — transmitted reading0449c05「思惟」 — transmitted reading0353a26
2515Deletion「念」 — transmitted reading0449c05None
2525Replacement「唱」 — transmitted reading0449c05作如是 · phrase as follows0353a26
2535Replacement「謨」 — transmitted reading0449c05「無」 — transmitted reading0353a27
2545Replacement「髻」 — transmitted reading0449c06「勝」 — transmitted reading0353a27
2555InsertionNone「供」 — transmitted reading0353a27
2565Replacement「此佛」 — transmitted reading0449c07「寶勝如來本」 — transmitted reading0353a29
2575Replacement「修」 — transmitted reading0449c08「時,行」 — transmitted reading0353a29
2585Replacement「行時,」 — transmitted reading0449c08「道」 — transmitted reading0353a29
2595InsertionNone「若有眾生,」 — transmitted reading0353b01
2605Deletion「所有眾生,」 — transmitted reading0449c08None
2615InsertionNone「當令是輩即」 — transmitted reading0353b02
2625Replacement「之後」 — transmitted reading0449c09「已」 — transmitted reading0353b02
2635InsertionNone「尋」 — transmitted reading0353b02
2645InsertionNone「上」 — transmitted reading0353b02
2655Replacement「池」 — transmitted reading0449c10「是」 — transmitted reading0353b03
2665Replacement「演」 — transmitted reading0449c10「,解」 — transmitted reading0353b03
2675Replacement「:『此有故彼有,此生故彼生,」 — transmitted reading0449c11「——」 — transmitted reading0353b04
2685Replacement「處」 — transmitted reading0449c12「入」 — transmitted reading0353b05
2695Replacement「處」 — transmitted reading0449c13「入」 — transmitted reading0353b05
2705Deletion「此滅故彼滅,所謂無明滅則行滅,行滅則識滅,識滅則名色滅,名色滅則六處滅,六處滅則觸滅,觸滅則受滅,受滅則愛滅,愛滅則取滅,取滅則有滅,有滅則生滅,生滅則老死滅,老死滅則憂悲苦惱滅,如是純極苦蘊悉皆除滅。』說是法已,復為宣說十二緣起相應陀羅尼曰:」 — transmitted reading0449c14None
2716Deletion「『怛姪他 毘折儞 毘折儞 毘折儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞莎訶 怛姪他 那弭儞那弭儞 那弭儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞莎訶 怛姪他 薜達儞 薜達儞 薜達儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 莎訶 怛姪他 婆毘儞婆毘儞 婆毘儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞莎訶』」〔T16n0665 0449c22〕 — transmitted reading0449c22None
2727Deletion爾時,世尊為諸大眾說長者子昔緣之時,諸人天眾歎未曾有。時四大天王各於其處,異口同音作如是說:「善哉釋迦尊,說妙法明呪;生福除眾惡,十二支相應。我等亦說呪,擁護如是法。若有生違逆,不善隨順者,頭破作七分,猶如蘭香梢。我等於佛前,共說其呪曰:「怛姪他 呬里謎 揭睇健 陀哩 旃荼哩地囇 騷伐囇 石呬伐囇 補囉布囇矩矩末底 崎囉末底 達地目契 窶嚕婆 母嚕婆 具荼母嚕健提 杜嚕杜嚕 毘囇 醫泥悉悉泥沓〔徒洽,下同〕婫達沓婫 鄔悉怛哩 烏率吒囉伐底 頞剌娑伐底鉢杜摩伐底 俱蘇摩伐底 莎訶」〔T16n0665 0450a13〕 — transmitted reading0450a04None
2738Replacement「佛告」 — transmitted reading0450a20「 — transmitted reading0353b07
2748Replacement:「0450a20「!」 — transmitted reading0353b07
2758InsertionNone「流水」 — transmitted reading0353b07
2768Deletion「流水」 — transmitted reading0450a20None
2778Deletion「為彼池魚施水施食,并」 — transmitted reading0450a20None
2788InsertionNone「是」 — transmitted reading0353b07
2798Replacement「,俱」 — transmitted reading0450a21「即」 — transmitted reading0353b08
2808Deletion「流水,」 — transmitted reading0450a22None
2818Replacement「因有」 — transmitted reading0450a22「,賓客」 — transmitted reading0353b08
2828Deletion「,設眾伎樂,」 — transmitted reading0450a22None
2838InsertionNone「爾時其地卒大震動,」 — transmitted reading0353b09
2848Replacement「時」 — transmitted reading0450a23「日」 — transmitted reading0353b10
2858Replacement「過」 — transmitted reading0450a23「終」 — transmitted reading0353b10
2868InsertionNone「既命終已」 — transmitted reading0353b10
2878Replacement三十三 · Thirty-Three0450a23「忉利」 — transmitted reading0353b10
2888Replacement「,起如」 — transmitted reading0450a24「。既生天已作」 — transmitted reading0353b10
2898Replacement「念」 — transmitted reading0450a24「思惟」 — transmitted reading0353b11
2908InsertionNone「,得」 — transmitted reading0353b11
2918InsertionNone「於」 — transmitted reading0353b11
2928InsertionNone「忉利」 — transmitted reading0353b11
2938Replacement「便」 — transmitted reading0450a25「復」 — transmitted reading0353b12
2948Replacement「曰」 — transmitted reading0450a25「言」 — transmitted reading0353b12
2958Replacement「贍部洲」 — transmitted reading0450a25「閻浮提」 — transmitted reading0353b12
2968Replacement「傍」 — transmitted reading0450a25「畜」 — transmitted reading0353b13
2978Deletion「,共」 — transmitted reading0450a26None
2988InsertionNone「於」 — transmitted reading0353b13
2998InsertionNone「流水」 — transmitted reading0353b13
3008Replacement「流水施」 — transmitted reading0450a26「,與」 — transmitted reading0353b13
3018Replacement「餅」 — transmitted reading0450a27「飲」 — transmitted reading0353b14
3028InsertionNone「解」 — transmitted reading0353b14
3038Deletion「法」 — transmitted reading0450a27None
3048InsertionNone「因」 — transmitted reading0353b14
3058Deletion「起及陀羅尼」 — transmitted reading0450a27None
3068Replacement「復」 — transmitted reading0450a28「并」 — transmitted reading0353b15
3078Replacement「髻」 — transmitted reading0450a28「勝」 — transmitted reading0353b15
3088Deletion「,能」 — transmitted reading0450a28None
3098InsertionNone「輩」 — transmitted reading0353b15
3108InsertionNone「等」 — transmitted reading0353b16
3118Replacement「咸應詣彼」 — transmitted reading0450a29「當往至」 — transmitted reading0353b16
3128Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0450b01None
3138InsertionNone「 — transmitted reading0353b17
3148Replacement「即於」 — transmitted reading0450b01「,從忉利」 — transmitted reading0353b17
3158Replacement「沒」 — transmitted reading0450b02「下閻浮提」 — transmitted reading0353b17
3168Replacement「贍部洲」 — transmitted reading0450b02「流水長者子」 — transmitted reading0353b18
3178Replacement「所」 — transmitted reading0450b02「家」 — transmitted reading0353b18
3188Deletion「高」 — transmitted reading0450b02None
3198InsertionNone「屋」 — transmitted reading0353b19
3208Replacement「安隱而」 — transmitted reading0450b03「露臥眠」 — transmitted reading0353b19
3218Replacement「,時」 — transmitted reading0450b03「。是」 — transmitted reading0353b19
3228Replacement「共」 — transmitted reading0450b03「,」 — transmitted reading0353b19
3238InsertionNone「天妙」 — transmitted reading0353b20
3248Replacement「面」 — transmitted reading0450b04「頭」 — transmitted reading0353b20
3258Replacement「處」 — transmitted reading0450b04「邊」 — transmitted reading0353b20
3268Deletion「於」 — transmitted reading0450b05None
3278InsertionNone「邊」 — transmitted reading0353b21
3288Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0450b05「;」 — transmitted reading0353b21
3298Replacement「花」 — transmitted reading0450b06「華」 — transmitted reading0353b22
3308Replacement「花」 — transmitted reading0450b06「華」 — transmitted reading0353b22
3318Replacement「,光明普照,」 — transmitted reading0450b06「;作」 — transmitted reading0353b22
3328InsertionNone「。閻浮提中」 — transmitted reading0353b23
3338Deletion「令贍部洲」 — transmitted reading0450b07None
3348Replacement「悟」 — transmitted reading0450b08「寤」 — transmitted reading0353b24
3358InsertionNone「流水」 — transmitted reading0353b24
3368Deletion「流水」 — transmitted reading0450b08None
3378Deletion「時」 — transmitted reading0450b09None
3388Deletion「為供養已」 — transmitted reading0450b09None
3398Deletion「即」 — transmitted reading0450b09None
3408InsertionNone「上」 — transmitted reading0353b25
3418Replacement「而去」 — transmitted reading0450b09「遊行」 — transmitted reading0353b25
3428Replacement「花」 — transmitted reading0450b11「華」 — transmitted reading0353b26
3438Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0450b11None
3448Replacement「中」 — transmitted reading0450b11「所復」 — transmitted reading0353b27
3458Deletion「眾」 — transmitted reading0450b11None
3468Replacement「花」 — transmitted reading0450b12「華」 — transmitted reading0353b27
3478Replacement「於」 — transmitted reading0450b12「從」 — transmitted reading0353b27
3488Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0450b12None
3498Replacement「天」 — transmitted reading0450b12「忉利」 — transmitted reading0353b27
3508Deletion「殿」 — transmitted reading0450b12None
3518Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0450b12None
3528InsertionNone「天」 — transmitted reading0353b28
3538Deletion「樂」 — transmitted reading0450b13None
3549InsertionNone「時閻浮提過是夜已,」 — transmitted reading0353b28
3559Deletion「至天曉已」 — transmitted reading0450b13None
3569Replacement「忽」 — transmitted reading0450b14「,示」 — transmitted reading0353b29
3579Replacement「希有」 — transmitted reading0450b14「淨妙」 — transmitted reading0353c01
3589Replacement「,放」 — transmitted reading0450b14「有」 — transmitted reading0353c01
3599Replacement「!有」 — transmitted reading0450b15「,忉利」 — transmitted reading0353c02
3609Deletion「眾」 — transmitted reading0450b15None
3619InsertionNone「流水」 — transmitted reading0353c02
3629Deletion「流水」 — transmitted reading0450b16None
3639Deletion「中」 — transmitted reading0450b16None
3649Replacement「天」 — transmitted reading0450b16「不可計」 — transmitted reading0353c03
3659Replacement「花,積至于膝」 — transmitted reading0450b17「華」 — transmitted reading0353c03
3669InsertionNone「即」 — transmitted reading0353c03
3679Deletion「曰」 — transmitted reading0450b17None
3689Replacement「詣」 — transmitted reading0450b17「卿可往至彼」 — transmitted reading0353c04
3699InsertionNone「善言誘喻」 — transmitted reading0353c04
3709Replacement「取其子」 — transmitted reading0450b17「令使來」 — transmitted reading0353c04
3719Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0450b18None
3729Deletion「奉」 — transmitted reading0450b18None
3739Replacement「命,」 — transmitted reading0450b18「教令」 — transmitted reading0353c05
3749InsertionNone「是」 — transmitted reading0353c05
3759Deletion「子」 — transmitted reading0450b19None
3769InsertionNone — transmitted reading0353c06
3779Replacement「子即」 — transmitted reading0450b19「尋」 — transmitted reading0353c06
3789Replacement「曰」 — transmitted reading0450b19「問長者」 — transmitted reading0353c06
3799Deletion「昨夜」 — transmitted reading0450b19None
3809Deletion「希有」 — transmitted reading0450b20None
3819Deletion「如」 — transmitted reading0450b20None
3829Replacement思惟, — transmitted reading0450b20「必」 — transmitted reading0353c07
3839Replacement「應」 — transmitted reading0450b21「知」 — transmitted reading0353c07
3849Replacement「彼池內眾」 — transmitted reading0450b21「十千」 — transmitted reading0353c07
3859Replacement「,如經所說,」 — transmitted reading0450b21「其」 — transmitted reading0353c07
3869InsertionNone「已」 — transmitted reading0353c08
3879Deletion「之後得生三十三天,彼來報恩,故現如是希奇之相」 — transmitted reading0450b21None
3889InsertionNone「時大」 — transmitted reading0353c08
3899Deletion「曰:『何以得知?』流水答」 — transmitted reading0450b23None
3909Replacement「王」 — transmitted reading0450b23「今」 — transmitted reading0353c08
3919Replacement「使」 — transmitted reading0450b24人審實是事。』爾時流水 — transmitted reading0353c08
3929Replacement「并我二」 — transmitted reading0450b24「尋遣其」 — transmitted reading0353c09
3939Replacement「,往」 — transmitted reading0450b24「至」 — transmitted reading0353c09
3949Replacement「驗」 — transmitted reading0450b24「,看是諸魚死活定實。爾時」 — transmitted reading0353c09
3959Replacement「虛實,彼十千魚為死為活?』王」 — transmitted reading0450b24「子」 — transmitted reading0353c10
3969InsertionNone「已」 — transmitted reading0353c10
3979Deletion「即便遣使及子」 — transmitted reading0450b25None
3989InsertionNone「於」 — transmitted reading0353c10
3999Replacement「邊」 — transmitted reading0450b26「既至池已」 — transmitted reading0353c10
4009InsertionNone「摩訶」 — transmitted reading0353c11
4019Replacement「花」 — transmitted reading0450b26「華」 — transmitted reading0353c11
4029InsertionNone「聚」 — transmitted reading0353c12
4039Replacement「大聚」 — transmitted reading0450b27「𧂐」 — transmitted reading0353c12
4049InsertionNone「其中」 — transmitted reading0353c12
4059Replacement「並死,」 — transmitted reading0450b27「悉皆命終。」 — transmitted reading0353c12
4069Replacement「馳」 — transmitted reading0450b27「即」 — transmitted reading0353c12
4079Replacement「為」 — transmitted reading0450b27「白其父言:『彼諸魚等悉已命終。』爾時流水知是事已,復至」 — transmitted reading0353c12
4089Replacement「廣說」 — transmitted reading0450b27「所作如是言:『是十千魚悉皆命終」 — transmitted reading0353c14
4099InsertionNone「』」 — transmitted reading0353c15
4109Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0450b28None
4119Deletion「,歎未曾有」 — transmitted reading0450b28None
41210InsertionNone「世尊」 — transmitted reading0353c15
41310Deletion「佛」 — transmitted reading0450b28None
41410InsertionNone「道場」 — transmitted reading0353c15
41510Replacement「汝今當」 — transmitted reading0450b29「欲」 — transmitted reading0353c16
41610Replacement「昔」 — transmitted reading0450b29「爾」 — transmitted reading0353c16
41710InsertionNone「流水」 — transmitted reading0353c16
41810Deletion「流水者」 — transmitted reading0450b29None
41910Replacement「即」 — transmitted reading0450c01「今」 — transmitted reading0353c17
42010Deletion「持水長者即妙幢是;彼之二子,」 — transmitted reading0450c01None
42110Replacement「滿即銀幢」 — transmitted reading0450c02「空,今羅睺羅」 — transmitted reading0353c17
42210Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0450c02「;」 — transmitted reading0353c17
42310Replacement「即銀光」 — transmitted reading0450c02「,今阿難」 — transmitted reading0353c18
42410Replacement「彼天自在光王者,即汝菩提樹神是;」 — transmitted reading0450c03「時」 — transmitted reading0353c18
42510Replacement「即」 — transmitted reading0450c04「,今」 — transmitted reading0353c18
42610Replacement「因」 — transmitted reading0450c04是故 — transmitted reading0353c18
42710Replacement「往昔以水濟魚,與食令飽,」 — transmitted reading0450c04「今」 — transmitted reading0353c19
42810Replacement「說甚深十二緣起,并此相應陀羅尼呪,又為稱彼寶髻佛名,因此善根得生天上,今來我所,歡喜聽法。我皆當為」 — transmitted reading0450c05「其」 — transmitted reading0353c19
42910Deletion「於」 — transmitted reading0450c07None
43010Deletion「,說其名號」 — transmitted reading0450c08None
43110Replacement「善女天!如我往昔於生死中,輪迴諸有,廣為利益」 — transmitted reading0450c08「爾時樹神現半身者」 — transmitted reading0353c19
43210Deletion「無量眾生悉令次第成無上覺,與其授記,」 — transmitted reading0450c10None
43310Replacement「等皆應勤求出離,勿為放逸」 — transmitted reading0450c11「身是」 — transmitted reading0353c20
43411Deletion「爾時大眾聞說是已,悉皆悟解,由大慈悲救護一切,勤修苦行,方能證獲無上菩提,咸發深心,信受歡喜。」 — transmitted reading0450c11None

Complete Character-by-Character Differences: T16n0665 / T16n0664 (448 Entries)

No.SegmentTypeT16n0665 Original readingAnchorT16n0664 Original readingAnchor
11Deletion「爾時,」 — transmitted reading0448c23None
21Deletion「菩提」 — transmitted reading0448c23None
31Deletion「善女天!」 — transmitted reading0448c23None
41InsertionNone「,流水」 — transmitted reading0395b20
51Deletion流水, — transmitted reading0448c23None
61Deletion「往昔時,在」 — transmitted reading0448c24None
71Replacement「,療諸」 — transmitted reading0448c24「治一切」 — transmitted reading0395b21
81Replacement「所有病」 — transmitted reading0448c25「無量」 — transmitted reading0395b21
91InsertionNone「患已」 — transmitted reading0395b21
101Replacement「得」 — transmitted reading0448c25「其身體」 — transmitted reading0395b21
111InsertionNone「如本」 — transmitted reading0395b22
121Replacement「安隱」 — transmitted reading0448c25「諸快」 — transmitted reading0395b22
131Deletion「時諸眾生」 — transmitted reading0448c25None
141Replacement「修」 — transmitted reading0448c26「設」 — transmitted reading0395b22
151Replacement「,廣」 — transmitted reading0448c26「、修」 — transmitted reading0395b22
161Replacement「惠」 — transmitted reading0448c26「布」 — transmitted reading0395b23
171Replacement「,以自歡娛。即共往詣」 — transmitted reading0448c26「、尊重恭敬是」 — transmitted reading0395b23
181Deletion「所,咸生尊敬」 — transmitted reading0448c27None
191Replacement「!善哉!大」 — transmitted reading0448c28「,」 — transmitted reading0395b23
201Deletion「子」 — transmitted reading0448c28None
211Deletion「善」 — transmitted reading0448c28None
221Replacement「滋」 — transmitted reading0448c28「大增」 — transmitted reading0395b24
231Replacement「,增」 — transmitted reading0448c29「、能」 — transmitted reading0395b24
241Deletion「我等安隱壽命,仁今實是大力醫王慈悲菩薩,妙閑醫藥,善療」 — transmitted reading0448c29None
251InsertionNone「壽命,汝今真是大醫之王,善治眾生無量重」 — transmitted reading0395b24
261Replacement「苦」 — transmitted reading0449a02「,必是菩薩善解方藥」 — transmitted reading0395b25
271Deletion「如是稱歎周遍城邑。」 — transmitted reading0449a02None
282InsertionNone「有」 — transmitted reading0395b26
292InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395b26
302InsertionNone「曰」 — transmitted reading0395b27
312Replacement「肩」 — transmitted reading0449a03「空龍」 — transmitted reading0395b27
322Replacement「有其」 — transmitted reading0449a03「而生」 — transmitted reading0395b27
332InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0395b27
342Replacement「滿;」 — transmitted reading0449a03「空,」 — transmitted reading0395b27
352InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0395b27
362InsertionNone「時長者子將」 — transmitted reading0395b28
372Deletion「時流水將其」 — transmitted reading0449a04None
382Deletion「,漸」 — transmitted reading0449a04None
392InsertionNone「第」 — transmitted reading0395b28
402Replacement「過」 — transmitted reading0449a05「最後到一大」 — transmitted reading0395b28
412Deletion「深險之處」 — transmitted reading0449a05None
422Replacement「見諸禽」 — transmitted reading0449a05「多有虎、狼、狗犬、鳥、」 — transmitted reading0395b29
432Replacement「豺狼狐玃鵰鷲之屬」 — transmitted reading0449a05「多」 — transmitted reading0395b29
442InsertionNone「肉」 — transmitted reading0395c01
452Deletion「肉者」 — transmitted reading0449a06None
462InsertionNone「悉」 — transmitted reading0395c01
472Deletion「悉奔飛」 — transmitted reading0449a06None
482InsertionNone「馳奔」 — transmitted reading0395c01
492Deletion「如」 — transmitted reading0449a07None
502InsertionNone「言」 — transmitted reading0395c02
512Replacement「此」 — transmitted reading0449a07「是」 — transmitted reading0395c02
522Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449a07None
532Replacement「飛」 — transmitted reading0449a08「馳」 — transmitted reading0395c02
542Replacement「暫往」 — transmitted reading0449a08「逐而」 — transmitted reading0395c03
552Replacement「即」 — transmitted reading0449a08「時長者子遂」 — transmitted reading0395c03
562Replacement「去」 — transmitted reading0449a09「逐」 — transmitted reading0395c03
572Replacement「大」 — transmitted reading0449a09「一」 — transmitted reading0395c03
582Deletion「,名曰野生」 — transmitted reading0449a09None
592Replacement「將盡」 — transmitted reading0449a09「枯涸」 — transmitted reading0395c04
602Replacement「此」 — transmitted reading0449a09「其」 — transmitted reading0395c04
612Replacement「眾」 — transmitted reading0449a10「諸」 — transmitted reading0395c04
622Replacement「流水」 — transmitted reading0449a10「時長者子」 — transmitted reading0395c04
632InsertionNone「是魚」 — transmitted reading0395c04
642Replacement「語」 — transmitted reading0449a11「言」 — transmitted reading0395c06
652Replacement「!」 — transmitted reading0449a11「,」 — transmitted reading0395c06
662InsertionNone「大」 — transmitted reading0395c06
672InsertionNone「此魚可愍,」 — transmitted reading0395c06
682Replacement「有實義」 — transmitted reading0449a12「可與水,是故號汝」 — transmitted reading0395c06
692InsertionNone「為」 — transmitted reading0395c07
702Deletion「者,可愍此魚,應與其水」 — transmitted reading0449a12None
712InsertionNone「復」 — transmitted reading0395c07
722Deletion「因」 — transmitted reading0449a13None
732Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449a13None
742InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0395c07
752InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0395c08
762Replacement「而作」 — transmitted reading0449a14「定實」 — transmitted reading0395c08
772Deletion「是」 — transmitted reading0449a14None
782Replacement「流水」 — transmitted reading0449a14長者子 · merchant’s son0395c08
792Replacement「何」 — transmitted reading0449a15「所」 — transmitted reading0395c09
802Replacement「曰」 — transmitted reading0449a15「言」 — transmitted reading0395c10
812InsertionNone「其」 — transmitted reading0395c10
822InsertionNone「具足足」 — transmitted reading0395c10
833InsertionNone善女天!爾時流水聞是數已,倍復增益生大悲心。 — transmitted reading0395c10
843Deletion「長者子聞是數已,倍益悲心。時」 — transmitted reading0449a16None
853Replacement「大」 — transmitted reading0449a17「空」 — transmitted reading0395c12
863Replacement「餘」 — transmitted reading0449a17「唯少」 — transmitted reading0395c12
873Replacement「無幾」 — transmitted reading0449a17「在」 — transmitted reading0395c12
883Replacement「旋身」 — transmitted reading0449a18「四向」 — transmitted reading0395c13
893Replacement「有」 — transmitted reading0449a19「生恃賴,隨是長者」 — transmitted reading0395c13
903Replacement「悕,」 — transmitted reading0449a19「至方面」 — transmitted reading0395c14
913InsertionNone「是」 — transmitted reading0395c14
923Deletion「子,見是事已,」 — transmitted reading0449a19None
933Replacement「,欲覓於」 — transmitted reading0449a20「推求索」 — transmitted reading0395c15
943Replacement「,竟」 — transmitted reading0449a20「了」 — transmitted reading0395c15
953Replacement「。復」 — transmitted reading0449a21「,便四顧」 — transmitted reading0395c15
963Replacement「一邊」 — transmitted reading0449a21「,」 — transmitted reading0395c15
973Replacement「即便昇上折」 — transmitted reading0449a21「尋」 — transmitted reading0395c16
983Replacement「為」 — transmitted reading0449a22「還到池上與」 — transmitted reading0395c16
993Replacement「蔭」 — transmitted reading0449a22「陰」 — transmitted reading0395c16
1003InsertionNone「作陰涼已」 — transmitted reading0395c16
1013Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449a22「:『」 — transmitted reading0395c17
1023InsertionNone「本」 — transmitted reading0395c17
1033Deletion「處」 — transmitted reading0449a23None
1043Replacement「尋覓不已」 — transmitted reading0449a23「』即出四向周遍求索莫知水處,復更疾走遠至餘處」 — transmitted reading0395c17
1053Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449a23None
1063InsertionNone「。爾時」 — transmitted reading0395c19
1073Replacement「時此河邊」 — transmitted reading0449a23「復」 — transmitted reading0395c19
1083Replacement「漁」 — transmitted reading0449a24「餘惡」 — transmitted reading0395c19
1093Replacement「取」 — transmitted reading0449a24「捕此」 — transmitted reading0395c20
1103InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c20
1113Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449a24None
1123Deletion「河」 — transmitted reading0449a24None
1133Replacement「險」 — transmitted reading0449a25「嶮」 — transmitted reading0395c20
1143Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449a25None
1153Replacement「,於所」 — transmitted reading0449a25「。然其」 — transmitted reading0395c21
1163Replacement「,卒」 — transmitted reading0449a25「懸嶮」 — transmitted reading0395c21
1173Deletion「修」 — transmitted reading0449a26None
1183Deletion「。便作是念」 — transmitted reading0449a26None
1193Replacement「此崖深峻」 — transmitted reading0449a26「計當修治經九十日」 — transmitted reading0395c21
1203Deletion「設」 — transmitted reading0449a26None
1213Replacement「,時經三月亦未」 — transmitted reading0449a27「功猶不」 — transmitted reading0395c22
1223Replacement「斷」 — transmitted reading0449a27「成」 — transmitted reading0395c22
1233Deletion「而堪濟辦」 — transmitted reading0449a27None
1243InsertionNone「 — transmitted reading0395c22
1253InsertionNone「疾」 — transmitted reading0395c23
1263Replacement「本城,」 — transmitted reading0449a28「反」 — transmitted reading0395c23
1273Replacement「足」 — transmitted reading0449a29「拜」 — transmitted reading0395c23
1283Replacement「住」 — transmitted reading0449a29「坐」 — transmitted reading0395c23
1293Replacement「恭敬」 — transmitted reading0449a29「向王說其因緣,」 — transmitted reading0395c24
1303Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b01None
1313Deletion「悉令安隱,」 — transmitted reading0449b01None
1323Replacement「次」 — transmitted reading0449b02「漸」 — transmitted reading0395c25
1333Replacement「其」 — transmitted reading0449b02「彼」 — transmitted reading0395c25
1343Deletion「,名曰野生,」 — transmitted reading0449b02None
1353Replacement「欲」 — transmitted reading0449b03「枯」 — transmitted reading0395c26
1363InsertionNone「今日困厄」 — transmitted reading0395c26
1373Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449b03「。」 — transmitted reading0395c27
1383Replacement「慈悲愍念,與」 — transmitted reading0449b04「借」 — transmitted reading0395c27
1393Replacement「暫往」 — transmitted reading0449b04「,令得」 — transmitted reading0395c27
1403Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b05None
1413InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0395c28
1423Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b06None
1433Replacement「與此醫王大象」 — transmitted reading0449b06「供給」 — transmitted reading0395c29
1443InsertionNone「爾」 — transmitted reading0395c29
1453Replacement「彼」 — transmitted reading0449b06「,」 — transmitted reading0395c29
1463Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b07None
1473InsertionNone「告」 — transmitted reading0395c29
1483Deletion「已」 — transmitted reading0449b07None
1493Replacement「白」 — transmitted reading0449b07「語是」 — transmitted reading0395c29
1503Deletion「子」 — transmitted reading0449b07None
1513InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a01
1523Replacement「仁」 — transmitted reading0449b07「汝」 — transmitted reading0396a01
1533Replacement「廐」 — transmitted reading0449b08「厩」 — transmitted reading0396a01
1543Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b08None
1553Deletion「二十大象」 — transmitted reading0449b08None
1563Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b09None
1573Replacement「安」 — transmitted reading0449b09「快」 — transmitted reading0396a02
1583InsertionNone「 — transmitted reading0396a02
1593Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b09None
1603Deletion「又」 — transmitted reading0449b10None
1613Replacement「酒家多」 — transmitted reading0449b10「治城人」 — transmitted reading0396a03
1623InsertionNone「索」 — transmitted reading0396a03
1633Replacement「往」 — transmitted reading0449b10「疾至彼河上流」 — transmitted reading0396a03
1643Deletion「水」 — transmitted reading0449b10None
1653Deletion「,以囊」 — transmitted reading0449b11None
1663InsertionNone「馳疾奔還」 — transmitted reading0396a04
1673InsertionNone「空澤」 — transmitted reading0396a04
1683Replacement「瀉」 — transmitted reading0449b11「從象背上下其囊水寫」 — transmitted reading0396a04
1693Replacement「即」 — transmitted reading0449b11「遂」 — transmitted reading0396a05
1703Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b12None
1713Replacement「故」 — transmitted reading0449b12「本」 — transmitted reading0396a06
1724Deletion善女天! — transmitted reading0449b12None
1734Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b12None
1744Replacement「周旋」 — transmitted reading0449b13「彷徉」 — transmitted reading0396a06
1754Replacement「視」 — transmitted reading0449b13「行」 — transmitted reading0396a06
1764InsertionNone「是魚爾」 — transmitted reading0396a06
1774Deletion「彼眾魚」 — transmitted reading0449b13None
1784Replacement「眾」 — transmitted reading0449b14「是」 — transmitted reading0396a07
1794Replacement「故」 — transmitted reading0449b14「緣」 — transmitted reading0396a08
1804InsertionNone「是魚」 — transmitted reading0396a08
1814Deletion「之」 — transmitted reading0449b15None
1824Deletion「逼」 — transmitted reading0449b15None
1834Replacement「於」 — transmitted reading0449b16「飲」 — transmitted reading0396a09
1844InsertionNone善女天! — transmitted reading0396a09
1854InsertionNone「,流水」 — transmitted reading0396a09
1864Deletion「流水」 — transmitted reading0449b16None
1874Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449b18「 — transmitted reading0396a11
1884Replacement「食」 — transmitted reading0449b18「飲」 — transmitted reading0396a12
1894Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b19None
1904InsertionNone「一切聚集」 — transmitted reading0396a12
1914Replacement「皆收取,即可持」 — transmitted reading0449b19載象上。」急速 — transmitted reading0396a13
1924InsertionNone「還」 — transmitted reading0396a13
1934InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396a13
1944Replacement「受」 — transmitted reading0449b20「如」 — transmitted reading0396a13
1954Replacement「已」 — transmitted reading0449b20「勅」 — transmitted reading0396a13
1964Deletion「速」 — transmitted reading0449b20None
1974InsertionNone「至」 — transmitted reading0396a14
1984Replacement「至」 — transmitted reading0449b21「白其」 — transmitted reading0396a14
1994Deletion「所,」 — transmitted reading0449b21None
2004InsertionNone「爾時,二子」 — transmitted reading0396a14
2014Replacement「,置於」 — transmitted reading0449b22「載」 — transmitted reading0396a15
2024InsertionNone「背」 — transmitted reading0396a15
2034Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0449b22None
2044Replacement「彼」 — transmitted reading0449b22「空澤」 — transmitted reading0396a16
2054Deletion「邊」 — transmitted reading0449b22None
2064Replacement「是」 — transmitted reading0449b22「 — transmitted reading0396a16
2074Replacement流水 · Flowing Water0449b22「長者子」 — transmitted reading0396a16
2084Replacement「來」 — transmitted reading0449b23「還」 — transmitted reading0396a16
2094Deletion「身」 — transmitted reading0449b23None
2104InsertionNone「生歡」 — transmitted reading0396a16
2114InsertionNone,踊 — transmitted reading0396a16
2124InsertionNone「無量」 — transmitted reading0396a17
2134Replacement「遂」 — transmitted reading0449b23「從子邊」 — transmitted reading0396a17
2144Replacement「餅」 — transmitted reading0449b23「飲」 — transmitted reading0396a17
2154Replacement「遍」 — transmitted reading0449b23「之物,」 — transmitted reading0396a17
2164InsertionNone「著」 — transmitted reading0396a17
2174Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449b24「與」 — transmitted reading0396a17
2184Deletion「得」 — transmitted reading0449b24None
2194Replacement「悉皆飽足。便作是念」 — transmitted reading0449b24「即自思惟」 — transmitted reading0396a18
2204Replacement「施」 — transmitted reading0449b25「已能與此魚」 — transmitted reading0396a18
2214Replacement「魚得命」 — transmitted reading0449b25「其飽滿」 — transmitted reading0396a18
2224Replacement「願於」 — transmitted reading0449b25「未」 — transmitted reading0396a19
2234InsertionNone「之」 — transmitted reading0396a19
2244Deletion「充濟無邊」 — transmitted reading0449b26None
2255Deletion「我先」 — transmitted reading0449b26None
2265Replacement「於」 — transmitted reading0449b26「聞過去」 — transmitted reading0396a19
2275Replacement「林」 — transmitted reading0449b27「之」 — transmitted reading0396a20
2285Replacement「見」 — transmitted reading0449b27「有」 — transmitted reading0396a20
2295Replacement「苾芻」 — transmitted reading0449b27「比丘」 — transmitted reading0396a20
2305InsertionNone「誦」 — transmitted reading0396a20
2315InsertionNone「方等」 — transmitted reading0396a20
2325InsertionNone「典」 — transmitted reading0396a20
2335Replacement「說十二緣生甚深法要。又」 — transmitted reading0449b27「其」 — transmitted reading0396a20
2345Replacement「髻」 — transmitted reading0449b29「勝」 — transmitted reading0396a21
2355Replacement「者,」 — transmitted reading0449b29「號」 — transmitted reading0396a22
2365Replacement「演」 — transmitted reading0449c01「解」 — transmitted reading0396a22
2375InsertionNone「因」 — transmitted reading0396a23
2385Deletion「起」 — transmitted reading0449c01None
2395Replacement「髻」 — transmitted reading0449c02「勝」 — transmitted reading0396a23
2405Replacement「然贍部洲」 — transmitted reading0449c02「』時閻浮提中」 — transmitted reading0396a23
2415Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449c02「:」 — transmitted reading0396a24
2425InsertionNone「方等」 — transmitted reading0396a24
2435Deletion「不信」 — transmitted reading0449c03None
2445Replacement「,亦當為彼增長」 — transmitted reading0449c03「不生」 — transmitted reading0396a25
2455Replacement「心」 — transmitted reading0449c03「樂」 — transmitted reading0396a25
2465Deletion「』」 — transmitted reading0449c03None
2475Deletion「如」 — transmitted reading0449c04None
2485Replacement「念」 — transmitted reading0449c04「思惟」 — transmitted reading0396a25
2495InsertionNone「今當」 — transmitted reading0396a25
2505InsertionNone「水之」 — transmitted reading0396a26
2515Deletion「可」 — transmitted reading0449c04None
2525Replacement「眾」 — transmitted reading0449c04「是諸」 — transmitted reading0396a26
2535Replacement「作」 — transmitted reading0449c05「思惟」 — transmitted reading0396a26
2545Deletion「念」 — transmitted reading0449c05None
2555Replacement「唱」 — transmitted reading0449c05「作如是」 — transmitted reading0396a27
2565Replacement「謨」 — transmitted reading0449c05「無」 — transmitted reading0396a27
2575Replacement「髻」 — transmitted reading0449c06「勝」 — transmitted reading0396a27
2585InsertionNone「供」 — transmitted reading0396a27
2595Replacement「此佛」 — transmitted reading0449c07「寶勝如來本」 — transmitted reading0396a29
2605Replacement「修」 — transmitted reading0449c08「時行」 — transmitted reading0396a29
2615Replacement「行時」 — transmitted reading0449c08「道」 — transmitted reading0396a29
2625InsertionNone「若有眾生」 — transmitted reading0396b01
2635Deletion「所有眾生,」 — transmitted reading0449c08None
2645InsertionNone「當令是輩即」 — transmitted reading0396b02
2655Replacement「之後,」 — transmitted reading0449c09「已尋」 — transmitted reading0396b02
2665InsertionNone「上」 — transmitted reading0396b02
2675InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396b03
2685Replacement「池」 — transmitted reading0449c10「是」 — transmitted reading0396b03
2695Replacement「演」 — transmitted reading0449c10「解」 — transmitted reading0396b03
2705Deletion「:『此有故彼有,此生故彼生」 — transmitted reading0449c11None
2715Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449c12「、」 — transmitted reading0396b04
2725Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449c12「、」 — transmitted reading0396b04
2735Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449c12「、」 — transmitted reading0396b04
2745Replacement「處,」 — transmitted reading0449c12「入、」 — transmitted reading0396b05
2755Replacement「處」 — transmitted reading0449c13「入」 — transmitted reading0396b05
2765Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449c13「、」 — transmitted reading0396b05
2775Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449c13「、」 — transmitted reading0396b05
2785Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449c13「、」 — transmitted reading0396b05
2795Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449c13「、」 — transmitted reading0396b05
2805Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449c13「、」 — transmitted reading0396b06
2815Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0449c14「、」 — transmitted reading0396b06
2825InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0396b06
2835InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0396b06
2845InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0396b06
2855InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0396b06
2865Replacement「惱」 — transmitted reading0449c14「聚」 — transmitted reading0396b06
2875Deletion「此滅故彼滅,所謂無明滅則行滅,行滅則識滅,識滅則名色滅,名色滅則六處滅,六處滅則觸滅,觸滅則受滅,受滅則愛滅,愛滅則取滅,取滅則有滅,有滅則生滅,生滅則老死滅,老死滅則憂悲苦惱滅,如是純極苦蘊悉皆除滅。』說是法已,復為宣說十二緣起相應陀羅尼曰:」 — transmitted reading0449c14None
2886Deletion「『怛姪他 毘折儞 毘折儞 毘折儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 僧塞枳儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞 毘爾儞莎訶 怛姪他 那弭儞那弭儞 那弭儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞 殺雉儞颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞 颯鉢哩設儞莎訶 怛姪他 薜達儞 薜達儞 薜達儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞 窒里瑟儞儞鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 鄔波地儞 莎訶 怛姪他 婆毘儞婆毘儞 婆毘儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍底儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞 闍摩儞儞莎訶』」〔T16n0665 0449c22〕 — transmitted reading0449c22None
2897Deletion爾時,世尊為諸大眾說長者子昔緣之時,諸人天眾歎未曾有。時四大天王各於其處,異口同音作如是說:「善哉釋迦尊,說妙法明呪;生福除眾惡,十二支相應。我等亦說呪,擁護如是法。若有生違逆,不善隨順者,頭破作七分,猶如蘭香梢。我等於佛前,共說其呪曰:「怛姪他 呬里謎 揭睇健 陀哩 旃荼哩地囇 騷伐囇 石呬伐囇 補囉布囇矩矩末底 崎囉末底 達地目契 窶嚕婆 母嚕婆 具荼母嚕健提 杜嚕杜嚕 毘囇 醫泥悉悉泥沓〔徒洽,下同〕婫達沓婫 鄔悉怛哩 烏率吒囉伐底 頞剌娑伐底鉢杜摩伐底 俱蘇摩伐底 莎訶」〔T16n0665 0450a13〕 — transmitted reading0450a04None
2908Replacement「佛告」 — transmitted reading0450a20「 — transmitted reading0396b06
2918Replacement:「0450a20「!」 — transmitted reading0396b06
2928InsertionNone「,流水」 — transmitted reading0396b07
2938Deletion「流水」 — transmitted reading0450a20None
2948Deletion「,為彼池魚施水施食,并」 — transmitted reading0450a20None
2958InsertionNone「是」 — transmitted reading0396b07
2968Replacement「,俱」 — transmitted reading0450a21「即」 — transmitted reading0396b07
2978Deletion「流水,」 — transmitted reading0450a22None
2988Replacement「因有」 — transmitted reading0450a22「,賓客」 — transmitted reading0396b08
2998Deletion「,設眾伎樂,」 — transmitted reading0450a22None
3008InsertionNone「爾時,其地卒大震動,」 — transmitted reading0396b09
3018Replacement「時」 — transmitted reading0450a23「日」 — transmitted reading0396b09
3028Replacement「過」 — transmitted reading0450a23「終」 — transmitted reading0396b09
3038InsertionNone「即命終已」 — transmitted reading0396b10
3048Replacement三十三 · Thirty-Three0450a23「忉利」 — transmitted reading0396b10
3058Replacement「,起如」 — transmitted reading0450a24「。既生天已作」 — transmitted reading0396b10
3068Replacement「念」 — transmitted reading0450a24「思惟」 — transmitted reading0396b10
3078InsertionNone「得」 — transmitted reading0396b11
3088InsertionNone「於」 — transmitted reading0396b11
3098InsertionNone「忉利」 — transmitted reading0396b11
3108Replacement「便」 — transmitted reading0450a25「復」 — transmitted reading0396b11
3118Replacement「曰」 — transmitted reading0450a25「言」 — transmitted reading0396b12
3128Replacement「贍部洲」 — transmitted reading0450a25「閻浮提」 — transmitted reading0396b12
3138Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0450a25None
3148Replacement「傍」 — transmitted reading0450a25「畜」 — transmitted reading0396b12
3158Deletion「共」 — transmitted reading0450a26None
3168InsertionNone「於」 — transmitted reading0396b12
3178InsertionNone「流水」 — transmitted reading0396b13
3188Replacement「流水施」 — transmitted reading0450a26「與」 — transmitted reading0396b13
3198Replacement「餅」 — transmitted reading0450a27「飲」 — transmitted reading0396b13
3208InsertionNone「解」 — transmitted reading0396b14
3218Deletion「法」 — transmitted reading0450a27None
3228InsertionNone「因」 — transmitted reading0396b14
3238Replacement「起及陀羅尼,復」 — transmitted reading0450a27「并」 — transmitted reading0396b14
3248Replacement「髻」 — transmitted reading0450a28「勝」 — transmitted reading0396b14
3258Deletion「,能」 — transmitted reading0450a28None
3268InsertionNone「輩」 — transmitted reading0396b15
3278InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396b15
3288InsertionNone「等」 — transmitted reading0396b15
3298Replacement「咸應詣彼」 — transmitted reading0450a29「當往至」 — transmitted reading0396b16
3308Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0450b01None
3318InsertionNone「,」 — transmitted reading0396b16
3328Replacement「即於」 — transmitted reading0450b01「從忉利」 — transmitted reading0396b17
3338Replacement「沒」 — transmitted reading0450b02「下閻浮提」 — transmitted reading0396b17
3348Replacement「贍部洲」 — transmitted reading0450b02「流水長者子」 — transmitted reading0396b17
3358Replacement「所」 — transmitted reading0450b02「家」 — transmitted reading0396b18
3368InsertionNone「 — transmitted reading0396b18
3378Deletion「高」 — transmitted reading0450b02None
3388InsertionNone「屋」 — transmitted reading0396b18
3398Replacement「安隱而」 — transmitted reading0450b03「露臥眠」 — transmitted reading0396b18
3408Replacement「時」 — transmitted reading0450b03「是」 — transmitted reading0396b18
3418Deletion「共」 — transmitted reading0450b03None
3428InsertionNone「、天妙」 — transmitted reading0396b19
3438Replacement「面」 — transmitted reading0450b04「頭」 — transmitted reading0396b19
3448Replacement「處,」 — transmitted reading0450b04「邊、」 — transmitted reading0396b20
3458Deletion「於」 — transmitted reading0450b05None
3468Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0450b05「邊、」 — transmitted reading0396b20
3478Replacement「花」 — transmitted reading0450b06「華」 — transmitted reading0396b21
3488Replacement「花,」 — transmitted reading0450b06「華」 — transmitted reading0396b21
3498Deletion「,光明普照」 — transmitted reading0450b06None
3508Replacement「,令贍部洲」 — transmitted reading0450b07「。閻浮提中」 — transmitted reading0396b22
3518Replacement「悟」 — transmitted reading0450b08「寤」 — transmitted reading0396b23
3528InsertionNone「流水」 — transmitted reading0396b23
3538Deletion「流水」 — transmitted reading0450b08None
3548Deletion「時」 — transmitted reading0450b09None
3558Deletion「為供養已,即」 — transmitted reading0450b09None
3568InsertionNone「上」 — transmitted reading0396b24
3578Replacement「而去」 — transmitted reading0450b09「遊行」 — transmitted reading0396b24
3588Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0450b10None
3598Replacement「花,」 — transmitted reading0450b11「華;」 — transmitted reading0396b25
3608Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0450b11None
3618Replacement「中」 — transmitted reading0450b11「所復」 — transmitted reading0396b26
3628Deletion「眾」 — transmitted reading0450b11None
3638Replacement「花」 — transmitted reading0450b12「華」 — transmitted reading0396b26
3648Replacement「於」 — transmitted reading0450b12「從」 — transmitted reading0396b26
3658Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0450b12None
3668Replacement「天」 — transmitted reading0450b12「忉利」 — transmitted reading0396b26
3678Deletion「殿」 — transmitted reading0450b12None
3688Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0450b12None
3698InsertionNone「天」 — transmitted reading0396b27
3708Deletion「樂」 — transmitted reading0450b13None
3719InsertionNone「時閻浮提過是夜已,」 — transmitted reading0396b27
3729Deletion「至天曉已,」 — transmitted reading0450b13None
3739Replacement「忽」 — transmitted reading0450b14「示」 — transmitted reading0396b28
3749Replacement「希有」 — transmitted reading0450b14「淨妙」 — transmitted reading0396b28
3759Replacement「放」 — transmitted reading0450b14「有」 — transmitted reading0396b29
3769Replacement「!有」 — transmitted reading0450b15「,忉利」 — transmitted reading0396b29
3779Deletion「眾」 — transmitted reading0450b15None
3789InsertionNone「流水」 — transmitted reading0396c01
3799Deletion「流水」 — transmitted reading0450b16None
3809Deletion「中,」 — transmitted reading0450b16None
3819InsertionNone「、」 — transmitted reading0396c01
3829Replacement「天」 — transmitted reading0450b16「不可計」 — transmitted reading0396c02
3839Replacement「花,積至于膝」 — transmitted reading0450b17「華」 — transmitted reading0396c02
3849InsertionNone「即」 — transmitted reading0396c02
3859Replacement「曰」 — transmitted reading0450b17「卿」 — transmitted reading0396c02
3869Replacement「詣」 — transmitted reading0450b17「可往至彼」 — transmitted reading0396c02
3879InsertionNone「善言誘喻,」 — transmitted reading0396c03
3889Replacement「取其子」 — transmitted reading0450b17「令使來」 — transmitted reading0396c03
3899Deletion「,」 — transmitted reading0450b18None
3909Deletion「奉」 — transmitted reading0450b18None
3919Replacement「命」 — transmitted reading0450b18「教令」 — transmitted reading0396c04
3929InsertionNone「是」 — transmitted reading0396c04
3939Deletion「子」 — transmitted reading0450b19None
3949InsertionNone — transmitted reading0396c04
3959Deletion「子」 — transmitted reading0450b19None
3969Replacement「曰」 — transmitted reading0450b19「問長者」 — transmitted reading0396c05
3979Deletion「昨夜」 — transmitted reading0450b19None
3989Deletion「希有」 — transmitted reading0450b20None
3999Deletion「如」 — transmitted reading0450b20None
4009Replacement思惟, — transmitted reading0450b20「必」 — transmitted reading0396c06
4019Replacement「應」 — transmitted reading0450b21「知」 — transmitted reading0396c06
4029Replacement「彼池內眾」 — transmitted reading0450b21「十千」 — transmitted reading0396c06
4039Replacement「,如經所說,」 — transmitted reading0450b21「其」 — transmitted reading0396c06
4049InsertionNone「已」 — transmitted reading0396c06
4059Deletion「之後得生三十三天,彼來報恩,故現如是希奇之相」 — transmitted reading0450b21None
4069InsertionNone「時大」 — transmitted reading0396c06
4079Deletion「曰:『何以得知?』流水答」 — transmitted reading0450b23None
4089Replacement「王」 — transmitted reading0450b23「今」 — transmitted reading0396c06
4099Replacement「使」 — transmitted reading0450b24「人審實是事。』爾時」 — transmitted reading0396c07
4109Replacement「并我二」 — transmitted reading0450b24「流水尋遣其」 — transmitted reading0396c07
4119Replacement「,往」 — transmitted reading0450b24「至」 — transmitted reading0396c07
4129Replacement「驗」 — transmitted reading0450b24「看是諸魚死活定實。爾時,」 — transmitted reading0396c08
4139Replacement「虛實,彼十千魚為死為活?』王」 — transmitted reading0450b24「子」 — transmitted reading0396c08
4149Replacement「,即便遣使及子」 — transmitted reading0450b25「已」 — transmitted reading0396c08
4159InsertionNone「於」 — transmitted reading0396c09
4169Deletion「邊」 — transmitted reading0450b26None
4179InsertionNone「既至池已」 — transmitted reading0396c09
4189InsertionNone「摩訶」 — transmitted reading0396c09
4199Replacement「花」 — transmitted reading0450b26「華積聚成𧂐」 — transmitted reading0396c10
4209Replacement「積成大聚,」 — transmitted reading0450b26「其中」 — transmitted reading0396c10
4219Replacement「並死,」 — transmitted reading0450b27「悉皆命終。」 — transmitted reading0396c10
4229Replacement「馳」 — transmitted reading0450b27「即」 — transmitted reading0396c11
4239Replacement「為」 — transmitted reading0450b27,白其父言:『彼諸魚等悉已命終。』爾時,流水知是事已,復往 — transmitted reading0396c11
4249Replacement「廣說」 — transmitted reading0450b27「所作如是言:『是十千魚悉皆命終」 — transmitted reading0396c12
4259InsertionNone「』」 — transmitted reading0396c13
4269Deletion「,歎未曾有」 — transmitted reading0450b28None
42710Replacement「佛」 — transmitted reading0450b28「世尊」 — transmitted reading0396c14
42810InsertionNone「道場」 — transmitted reading0396c14
42910Replacement「汝今當」 — transmitted reading0450b29「欲」 — transmitted reading0396c14
43010Replacement「昔」 — transmitted reading0450b29「爾」 — transmitted reading0396c14
43110InsertionNone「流水」 — transmitted reading0396c15
43210Deletion「流水者」 — transmitted reading0450b29None
43310Replacement「即」 — transmitted reading0450c01「今」 — transmitted reading0396c15
43410Deletion「持水長者即妙幢是;彼之二子,」 — transmitted reading0450c01None
43510Replacement「滿即銀幢」 — transmitted reading0450c02「空,今羅睺羅」 — transmitted reading0396c15
43610Replacement「,」 — transmitted reading0450c02「;」 — transmitted reading0396c16
43710Replacement「即銀光」 — transmitted reading0450c02「,今阿難」 — transmitted reading0396c16
43810Replacement「彼天自在光王者,即汝菩提樹神是;」 — transmitted reading0450c03「時」 — transmitted reading0396c16
43910Replacement「即」 — transmitted reading0450c04「,今」 — transmitted reading0396c16
44010Replacement「。因」 — transmitted reading0450c04「,是故,」 — transmitted reading0396c17
44110Replacement「往昔以水濟魚,與食令飽,」 — transmitted reading0450c04「今」 — transmitted reading0396c17
44210Replacement「說甚深十二緣起,并此相應陀羅尼呪,又為稱彼寶髻佛名,因此善根得生天上,今來我所,歡喜聽法。我皆當為」 — transmitted reading0450c05「其」 — transmitted reading0396c17
44310Deletion「於」 — transmitted reading0450c07None
44410Deletion「,說其名號」 — transmitted reading0450c08None
44510Replacement「善女天!如我往昔於生死中,輪迴諸有,廣為利益」 — transmitted reading0450c08「爾時樹神現半身者」 — transmitted reading0396c18
44610Deletion「無量眾生悉令次第成無上覺,與其授記,」 — transmitted reading0450c10None
44710Replacement「等皆應勤求出離,勿為放逸」 — transmitted reading0450c11「身是」 — transmitted reading0396c18
44811Deletion「爾時大眾聞說是已,悉皆悟解,由大慈悲救護一切,勤修苦行,方能證獲無上菩提,咸發深心,信受歡喜。」 — transmitted reading0450c11None

Scriptural Grounds for the Consciousness-Only Meaning (the Point of the Eye)

This section takes the present scripture as its ground and Huizhao’s Commentary on the Sūtra of Golden Light, the Supreme King as its mirror. The mirror illuminates the scripture’s meaning; the commentator’s outline names, resolutions of difficulties, and judgments are not substituted for the scripture’s own statements.

1. From Saving Life to the Cause of Prediction. The scripture first relates how Flowing Water gives water and food, freeing the fish from immediate mortal danger. It then gives his vow 「願於來世當施法食充濟無邊」—“in future lives may I give the food of Dharma and sustain boundless beings” 〔T16n0665 0449b25〕, his invocation of Tathāgata Jeweled Topknot, and his teaching of the twelvefold dependent arising and corresponding dhāraṇī. In the concluding identification, the Buddha states the causality directly: 「因我往昔以水濟魚,與食令飽,為說甚深十二緣起,并此相應陀羅尼呪,又為稱彼寶髻佛名,因此善根得生天上」—“because in the past I rescued the fish with water, gave them food until they were full, taught them the profound twelvefold dependent arising and this corresponding dhāraṇī formula, and also invoked the name of Buddha Jeweled Topknot, through these roots of goodness they were born in heaven” 〔T16n0665 0450c04〕. Huizhao accordingly reads the whole chapter through its 『正說記因』—“direct explanation of the cause of prediction,” omitting none of these roots of goodness.

2. The Two Meanings of Flowing Water and Why the Chapter Is Not Named Only Rescuing the Fish. Huizhao explains the name through the scripture’s 「一能流水,二能與水」—“first, being able to make water flow; second, being able to give water” 〔T16n0665 0449a13〕. Bringing water and giving water to sentient beings display both virtue and conduct. Because rescuing the fish also affects birds and beasts, the king, royal ministers, and those who hear the account, the chapter is not narrowed to a title that names only rescuing fish.

3. Compassion That Rescues Suffering and Loving-Kindness That Gives Happiness. The scripture directly says that on seeing the fish, Flowing Water 「生大悲心」—“gave rise to great compassion” 〔T16n0665 0449a10〕. Huizhao classifies carrying water and giving food as compassion that rescues suffering, and the vow, invocation, and teaching as loving-kindness that gives happiness. This layering is the commentator’s judgment. Water, food, buddha-name, dependent arising, and dhāraṇī remain complete and sequential within the scripture.

4. Two Readings of Explicit and Esoteric Teaching. Huizhao’s commentary preserves two formulations together: 「下為說法,有二:初顯說、後密說。或初說法令解、後說呪為護。」—“below, teaching the Dharma has two parts: first explicit teaching, afterward esoteric teaching; or first teaching the Dharma to bring understanding, afterward teaching the formula for protection” 〔T39n1788 0327c17〕. The first reading takes dependent arising as explicit teaching and the dhāraṇī as esoteric teaching. The second takes the Dharma teaching as bringing understanding and the formula as protection. Both are recorded without selecting one.

5. Three Kinds of Dependent Arising. Following the Compendium of the Great Vehicle, Huizhao lists 「無作緣生、二無常緣生、三勢用緣生」—“non-agential dependent arising, second impermanent dependent arising, and third efficacious dependent arising” 〔T39n1788 0327c26〕. 『此有故彼有』—“because this exists, that exists”—is assigned to non-agential dependent arising; 『此生故彼生』—“because this arises, that arises”—to impermanent dependent arising; and the distinct efficacy of each of the twelve links to efficacious dependent arising. The first two apply to all conditioned phenomena, the third to the phenomena of sentient beings. This is a doctrinal gate in the commentary, not three additional links listed by the scripture.

Complete Record of Huizhao’s Internal Alternate Explanations

The following items preserve every reading in the principal commentary on this chapter that coexists through formulations such as “perhaps,” “again,” “one says,” “the second says,” or question and answer. No later explanation erases an earlier one.

  1. Four Explanations of the General Name Dependent Arising. The first is 「由煩惱繫縛,往諸趣中數數生起」—“bound by afflictions, one repeatedly arises among the destinies” 〔T39n1788 0328c27〕; the second, 「依詫眾緣速謝滅已續和合生」—“relying upon manifold conditions, after quickly perishing, a subsequent conjunction arises” 〔T39n1788 0328c29〕; the third, 「眾緣過去而不捨離,依自相續而得生起」—“although the manifold conditions have passed, they are not abandoned; arising is obtained through one’s own continuum” 〔T39n1788 0329a02〕; and the fourth, 「於過去世覺緣性已,等相續起」—“having awakened to the nature of conditions in a past life, one equally arises in succession” 〔T39n1788 0329a05〕. The four explanations respectively establish the name through bondage and birth among destinies, momentary arising and cessation, continuity of conditions, and awakening followed by proclamation; all are retained.
  2. Forward and Reverse for Both Defilement and Purity. The commentary lists 「一依觀雜染、二依觀清淨」—“first, contemplation based on defilement; second, contemplation based on purity” 〔T39n1788 0329a07〕 and further says 「雜染順逆故,清淨順逆故」—“because defilement has forward and reverse, and purity has forward and reverse” 〔T39n1788 0329a09〕. Forward contemplation of defilement follows the circulation of the twelve links; reverse contemplation of defilement follows the established truths. Forward contemplation of purity follows the cessation of the twelve links; reverse contemplation of purity reasons backward from the nonexistence and cessation of old age and death to the nonexistence and cessation of formations. All four routes coexist.
  3. Distant and Proximate Expedients in Reverse Contemplation of Defilement. The distant expedient comprises seventy-seven forms of knowledge, and the proximate expedient forty-four. Their stages receive two explanations: 「或資糧、加行二道別故。或俱加行,但前後別」—“perhaps because the paths of accumulation and preparation differ; or perhaps both belong to preparation but differ as earlier and later” 〔T39n1788 0329a13〕. The seventy-seven are counted through inference of a cause, examination of a cause, and knowledge of the abiding Dharma for the links in the three times. The forty-four arise by contemplating suffering, its arising, its cessation, and the practice leading to cessation for each of eleven links. Neither enumeration alters the other.
  4. Two Explanations of Calling the Defiled Contemplation Contaminated. After explaining the forty-four forms of knowledge, Huizhao preserves two routes for 『此有漏觀』—“this contaminated contemplation”: 「或觀體有漏,或觀有漏法,即通聖智」—“perhaps the contemplation’s substance is contaminated; or perhaps it contemplates contaminated phenomena, in which case it also includes noble wisdom” 〔T39n1788 0329b04〕. The former speaks from the contemplation’s substance; the latter from the contaminated phenomena contemplated and therefore permits noble wisdom.
  5. The Boundary of Retributive Karma in Ignorance and Formations. The principal link of ignorance takes as its substance 「取分別中能發感總別報或唯感總報者,為無明支體」—“within discrimination, what can initiate karma that brings general and particular retribution, or only general retribution” 〔T39n1788 0328b01〕; the auxiliary link also includes innate and discriminative ignorance. Principal and auxiliary initiation are distinguished as 「正發業者唯見所斷,助者不定」—“what principally initiates karma is only what is abandoned by seeing; what assists is indeterminate” 〔T39n1788 0328b04〕. Formations are described as 「唯感總報及通感總別二業為性。唯感別報即非行支」—“having as their nature karma that brings only general retribution or both general and particular retribution; what brings only particular retribution is not the formations link” 〔T39n1788 0328b06〕. The commentary further distinguishes the provisional inclusion of bodily and verbal manifest form from the real substance, which is only intention. General retribution, combined general and particular retribution, principal and auxiliary initiation, and provisional and real accounts all remain.
  6. The Principal Substance and Broader Accounts of Consciousness. Huizhao takes the seed of the eighth maturation consciousness produced by formations as the principal substance. Concerning 「有處說通現行及六識」—“some passages say that it also includes manifest activity and the six consciousnesses” 〔T39n1788 0328b13〕, he judges this a general account of the consciousness link or one stated according to the stage of future manifestation. The seed as principal substance and the broader stage-based account are preserved at their distinct levels.
  7. General and Particular Gates for Name-and-Form. The commentary first takes maturation phenomena other than the four causes of consciousness, the six sense fields, contact, and feeling as the name-and-form link. It also preserves the inclusive account 「或名色種總攝五因,於中隨勝立餘四種」—“or the seeds of name-and-form collectively include five causes, among which the other four are established according to predominance” 〔T39n1788 0328c02〕. The scripture’s statement that name means the four aggregates uses a general designation, while establishing five links separately follows the particular account.
  8. Craving’s Principal Moistening, Auxiliary Moistening, and Objects. The principal substance of craving is only innate, while auxiliary moistening is indeterminate. The commentary cites 「正潤生者唯修所斷」—“what principally moistens birth is only what is abandoned by cultivation” 〔T39n1788 0328c05〕 while also recording 「全界煩惱皆能潤生」—“all afflictions throughout a realm can moisten birth” 〔T39n1788 0328c06〕 as an auxiliary account. Concerning its object, 「雖通緣內外法,然論多說緣外境生名為愛支」—“although it can take inner and outer phenomena as objects, treatises commonly call what arises in relation to outer objects the craving link” 〔T39n1788 0328c07〕. Principal and auxiliary functions and inner and outer objects each retain their level.
  9. The Broad Substance of Grasping and the Account of Increased Craving. The principal substance of grasping includes all innate afflictions, while its auxiliary aspect includes discriminative afflictions. Regarding 「有處唯說愛增名取」—“some passages call only increased craving ‘grasping’” 〔T39n1788 0328c09〕, the commentary explains that this is said because craving’s moistening function is stronger; the link in fact includes the other afflictions.
  10. Two Partial Accounts of Existence. The existence link takes as its substance formations and the seeds of the five fruits beginning with consciousness after being moistened by craving and grasping. The alternatives 「唯說業名有支」—“only karma is called the existence link” 〔T39n1788 0328c13〕 and 「唯說識等五名有支」—“only the five beginning with consciousness are called the existence link” 〔T39n1788 0328c14〕 are two partial accounts. The former emphasizes what directly brings the maturation fruit; the latter what directly produces the future stages of birth and old age and death. Both are recorded according to their differing emphases.
  11. Seed and Manifest Accounts of the Twelve Links. The Treatise on the Ten Grounds says every one of the twelve links has a time of seed and a time of fruit. The Sūtra on Dependent Arising and the Treatise on Consciousness-Only also speak, according to the moistened stage, of the simultaneous existence of what can lead and what is led. Huizhao finally limits this as a relational way of speaking: 「非實剋體皆通種現」—“it is not that, when their substances are strictly determined, all include both seed and manifestation” 〔T39n1788 0328c24〕. The broad account of seed and manifestation and the strict differentiation of substance both remain.
  12. Two Levels for Reconciling Differences among Passages. Regarding the ways dependent-arising links may be manifest or seed, general or particular, Huizhao says on one hand 「餘說不同,或就當來現起分位假實合說」—“other accounts differ, perhaps because they combine provisional and real according to the future stage of manifestation” 〔T39n1788 0329b13〕, and on the other 「或有就三乘通說」—“or some give a general account for the three vehicles” 〔T39n1788 0329b15〕. The combination of provisional and real at a future stage and the general account for the three vehicles coexist, each explaining the source of a difference.
  13. Two Explanations of Turning Back at Consciousness in Reverse Contemplation. The first explanation takes consciousness as the boundary of future suffering and its arising. Because consciousness and name-and-form depend upon one another like bundled reeds, 「觀察齊識退還,故不至於行、無明支」—“contemplation turns back upon reaching consciousness and therefore does not reach the links of formations and ignorance” 〔T39n1788 0329c06〕. Another explanation says 「或緣現老死觀近遠因,因皆過去,即至愛支」—“or, taking present old age and death as the object, one contemplates proximate and distant causes; because the causes are all past, one reaches the craving link” 〔T39n1788 0329c15〕. The first jointly contemplates present and future old age and death while separately contemplating their causes; the second jointly contemplates causes while separately contemplating old age and death. Both explanations remain.
  14. Other Questions and Answers about the Stopping Point of Reverse Contemplation. Where contemplation proceeds from ignorance to birth and stops, the commentary answers that it is 「約機欲性尋因果說」—“stated according to a person’s disposition in seeking cause and fruit” 〔T39n1788 0329c21〕: because old age and death have no fruit, the contemplation stops at birth. Where reverse contemplation reaches name-and-form, it answers 「據業種為識支說,以識攝在名色中」—“this speaks of the karmic seed as the consciousness link, with consciousness included within name-and-form” 〔T39n1788 0329c23〕. Stopping at consciousness, craving, birth, or name-and-form each has its stated conditions; they are not adjudicated into a single route.
  15. Two Answers concerning the Assembly’s Understanding at the Chapter’s End. Asked why the assembly understands that great compassion and arduous practice are required for awakening, Huizhao first says it is 「傍義故」—“because this is a collateral meaning” 〔T39n1788 0331a10〕. He then says 「十千亦行苦行等,後方得菩提,故皆行學」—“the 10,000 must also perform arduous practices and so forth and only afterward attain awakening; therefore all practice and learn” 〔T39n1788 0331a10〕. The collateral meaning and exhortation to learn are recorded at both levels; the predictions received by the 10,000 divine princes in this chapter are not rewritten as buddhahood attained immediately.

Explanations of Various Masters

Cien · Huizhao’s Commentary on the Sūtra of Golden Light, the Supreme King

This chapter is in fascicle six of the commentary, titled 「金光明最勝王經疏卷第六」—“Commentary on the Sūtra of Golden Light, the Supreme King, Fascicle Six” 〔T39n1788 0318a19〕. The fascicle attribution is 「翻經沙門慧沼撰」—“Composed by the translation śramaṇa Huizhao” 〔T39n1788 0318a22〕; the chapter title is 「長者子流水品第二十五」—“The Merchant’s Son Flowing Water, Chapter Twenty-Five” 〔T39n1788 0326b02〕, and its principal commentary ends at 0331a11. Material around 0181c, 0182c, and 0191c at the beginning of the work is only table-of-contents material and is not treated as the principal commentary.

Line by line, Huizhao divides the fish-rescue practice into family, rescue of the fish, gods hearing and praising, and the fishes’ repayment of kindness. He further divides the rescue itself into seeing an unusual sign, arising compassion, seeking water, giving food, making a vow, invoking the name, dependent arising, and dhāraṇī. Repayment is divided into descending from heaven, repaying virtue, and returning to heaven; repaying virtue is further classified as 『報長者恩』—“repaying the merchant’s kindness,” 『報國王恩』—“repaying the king’s kindness,” and 『報生處恩』—“repaying the place-of-birth’s kindness” 〔T39n1788 0330c07–c10〕. These are the commentator’s classifications. The scripture itself says directly only that the divine princes intend to repay Flowing Water’s kindness, rain flowers throughout the realm, and return to the pond to rain flowers.

Tiantai · Zhiyi’s Textual Commentary on the Sūtra of Golden Light

This chapter is in fascicle six of the Textual Commentary. Its attributions are 「隋天台智者大師說」—“Taught by the Tiantai Great Master Zhizhe of the Sui” 〔T39n1785 0078b04〕 and 「門人灌頂錄」—“Recorded by his disciple Guanding” 〔T39n1785 0078b05〕, and its outline title is 「釋流水品」—“Explanation of the Flowing Water Chapter” 〔T39n1785 0082a06〕.

Zhiyi opens two meanings each for giving water and flowing water: 「與水者,與安樂水也,一世安樂、二出世安樂。」—“Giving water means giving the water of peace and happiness: first, worldly peace and happiness; second, supramundane peace and happiness” 〔T39n1785 0082a07〕. He also says 「流水者,流除苦惱水也,一果報苦惱、二業因苦惱。」—“Flowing water means water that flows away suffering and distress: first, the suffering and distress of retributive result; second, the suffering and distress of karmic cause” 〔T39n1785 0082a10〕. Worldly peace and happiness is represented by elephants bearing water to save the fish, and supramundane peace and happiness by Dharma-food and prediction. Retributive suffering is represented by treating illness and rescuing fish; suffering from karmic cause by the three refuges, twelve causes and conditions, and ten epithets. He further explains repayment through phenomenal and noumenal meanings, taking the 40,000 necklaces to represent the four beneficences of water, food, causes and conditions, and ten epithets, as well as the four virtues permanence, happiness, self, and purity. This is side illumination from Tiantai’s line-by-line commentary and is not rewritten as a direct statement of the scripture.

Song Shanjia · Zhili’s Record of the Textual Commentary on the Sūtra of Golden Light

The fascicle containing this chapter is titled 「金光明經文句記卷第六〔上〕」—“Record of the Textual Commentary on the Sūtra of Golden Light, Fascicle Six, Part One” 〔T39n1786 0149c15〕 and attributed 「宋四明沙門知禮述」—“Composed by the Song-dynasty śramaṇa Zhili of Siming” 〔T39n1786 0149c17〕. Zhili opens the line-by-line record with 「二、〈流水品〉,二:初、解題」—“second, the Flowing Water Chapter, in two: first, explanation of the title” 〔T39n1786 0152b15〕. Carrying forward Zhiyi’s two meanings of giving water and flowing water, he says 「初則大慈與樂,次則大悲拔苦」—“the first is great loving-kindness giving happiness; the next is great compassion removing suffering” 〔T39n1786 0152b18〕. He then analyzes in sequence the family, seeing the fish, rescuing the fish, giving water, giving food, making the vow, teaching the Dharma, the fishes’ heavenly rebirth and repayment, the king’s perception of the radiant signs, and identification of past and present.

In the Dharma-teaching passage, Zhili places the ten epithets on the side of fruit and the twelve causes and conditions on the side of cause, reading them through the three virtues and three paths. In the repayment passage he again explains the 40,000 necklaces at phenomenal and noumenal levels. These are all Tiantai judgments in the Record of the Textual Commentary; they do not replace T665 or Huizhao’s principal commentary. This remains a separate work and layer from T1784, the Supplementary Record to the Profound Meaning.

Sanlun · Jizang’s Commentary on the Sūtra of Golden Light

Jizang’s line-by-line commentary on this chapter begins with 「〈流水長者子品〉」—“The Merchant’s Son Flowing Water Chapter” 〔T39n1787 0173a01〕; by 0173a18 it has already turned to Giving Up the Body. He judges the present chapter the proximate cause of prediction and distinguishes it from the preceding three points: 「一者前於同類人道生慈,此中異類畜生生慈;二者前治身病之慈,此除心病之慈;三者前明世間之慈,此明出世之慈。」—“First, previously loving-kindness arose toward beings of the same class in the human path; here it arises toward animals of another class. Second, previously loving-kindness treated bodily illness; here it removes illness of mind. Third, previously worldly loving-kindness was clarified; here supramundane loving-kindness is clarified” 〔T39n1787 0173a02〕. He further divides the chapter into the virtue of curing illness, the merit of rescuing the fish, and identification of present and past; within the rescue he distinguishes material giving and Dharma giving, and within repayment, heavenly rebirth, repayment of kindness, and the king’s awakening. This outline remains in its Sanlun lineage, just as the Cien and Tiantai outlines remain in theirs; all are recorded without adjudicating.

Profound-Meaning Layer · Zhili’s Supplementary Record to the Profound Meaning of the Sūtra of Golden Light

T1784 explains the Profound Meaning and belongs to the profound-meaning layer; it is not the line-by-line record described above. It uses 「正論治病、救魚飼虎」—“right treatise, curing illness, rescuing fish, and feeding the tiger” 〔T39n1784 0045a01〕 to gather the later chapters under the scripture’s function of producing goodness and extinguishing evil. This is side illumination concerning the whole scripture and is not presented as T1786’s chapter heading. No line-by-line passage directly naming this chapter appears in T1783’s Profound Meaning, so none is fabricated.

Zhiyi opens the chapter through the four meanings of two kinds of water; Zhili’s Record carries these forward through the three virtues and three paths; Jizang divides it through the proximate cause of prediction and material and Dharma giving; Huizhao, following Yijing’s recension line by line, comments in detail through the dhāraṇī and the assembly’s understanding. The sources, layers, and outlines of all four masters are recorded together without adjudicating one as superior.


Terminology

The Merchant’s Son Flowing Water. “Merchant’s son” both identifies him as the son of the merchant Holding Water and preserves his own virtue of nurturing sentient beings. “Flowing Water” is established through 「一能流水,二能與水」—“first, being able to make water flow; second, being able to give water” 〔T16n0665 0449a13〕. Bringing water and giving it to sentient beings remain two meanings; the name is not reduced to rescuing fish alone.

Water-Shoulder Treasury, Water-Full, and Water-Treasury. These are the names of the wife and two sons in T665. The two earlier recensions have Water-Empty Dragon Treasury, Water-Empty, and Water-Treasury. The correspondences identify the persons across translations; neither set of names is used to alter the other.

Tathāgata Jeweled Topknot. T665 has Jeweled Topknot; the two earlier recensions have Jeweled Victory. Flowing Water proclaims the Tathāgata’s ten epithets and recounts his former vow: one who hears his name near death will afterward be born in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three. Each translation retains its own buddha-name and designation for the heavenly abode.

Twelvefold Dependent Arising. The twelve links are ignorance, formations, consciousness, name-and-form, the six sense fields, contact, feeling, craving, grasping, existence, birth, and old age and death. The scripture first teaches their forward sequence of circulation and the ensuing sorrow, lamentation, suffering, and distress. It then teaches the forward sequence of cessation from the cessation of ignorance through the cessation of old age and death and the cessation of sorrow, lamentation, suffering, and distress. These latter four arise in dependence upon old age and death, and Huizhao explicitly says 「非是支攝」—“they are not included among the links” 〔T39n1788 0328c25〕. No thirteenth link is therefore established.

Dhāraṇī Corresponding to the Twelvefold Dependent Arising. The chapter first teaches dependent arising and afterward proclaims the corresponding dhāraṇī; the Four Heavenly Kings then separately proclaim a protective formula. Both are anciently transmitted sound-texts. They are not semantically translated, normalized, or restored from a later reconstructed text. The interlinear note 「徒洽,下同」—“tu-qia; the same below” 〔T16n0665 0450a17〕 within the four kings’ formula remains in its transmitted position.

The 10,000 Fish and 10,000 Divine Princes. The tree deity reports exactly 10,000 fish; they later die together, are born in heaven, and are finally identified by the Buddha as the 10,000 divine princes. Their number, rebirth, repayment of kindness, and causes and conditions for prediction are enumerated according to the scripture and are not expanded to include unlisted classes.

The 40,000 Pearl Necklaces. The 10,000 divine princes place 10,000 necklaces beside Flowing Water’s face, 10,000 at his feet, 10,000 on his right side, and 10,000 on his left; the minister therefore reports a total of 40,000. The four placements cannot be reduced to an unspecified quantity of necklaces. The necklaces, flowers, light, and music are acts of repaying kindness. The causes of heavenly rebirth and later prediction are separately stated as water, food, the buddha-name, dependent arising, and the corresponding dhāraṇī; repayment and causal roots are not exchanged.


Similes · Rhetoric

Name Corresponding to Action. The tree deity not only urges Flowing Water to rescue the fish but reflects his name back upon his action: since he is named Flowing Water, he must make water flow and give water. Here the name is not ornamental praise; it is an exhortation that requires conduct and name to correspond.

From Shade to a Full Pond. Flowing Water first searches in the four directions and finds no water, so he breaks branches and leaves from a great tree to shade the fish from the sun. He then traces the water to its source and sees that fishermen have diverted the upstream current at a breach so deep and dangerous that even 100,000 people working for three months could not repair it. He does not stop at being unable to accomplish the work alone. He returns to the city, borrows twenty elephants from the king and leather bags from a wine shop, and carries water until the pond is full again. Through five levels—unsuccessful seeking, temporary shade, tracing the source, borrowing strength, and carrying water—the scripture writes compassion as a movement that repeatedly finds another practicable method.

From Water and Food to Dharma-Food. The fish keep following along the shore. Knowing hunger oppresses them, Flowing Water gathers and gives all the food portions belonging to parents, wife and children, and servants. After the fish are full, he vows to give Dharma-food in future lives. Their material lives first receive water and food; their Dharma-lives then receive a buddha’s name, dependent arising, and dhāraṇī. The two forms of sustenance continue one another without replacing one another.

The Four Kings’ Three Stanzas. The Four Great Heavenly Kings first praise Śākyamuni for teaching the wondrous illuminating Dharma-formula corresponding to the twelve links, then vow to protect this Dharma with their own formula, and finally warn that the head of one who opposes it will split into seven pieces like the tip of a lanxiang branch. Their protective formula begins after the three stanzas. Verse and formula are not merged into one passage of interpreted meaning.

Four Directions and Three Places in Heavenly Repayment. The 10,000 divine princes place necklaces in four positions—beside Flowing Water’s face, at his feet, on his right side, and on his left—then rain down two kinds of mandārava flowers, emit light, and play music. They afterward rain lotus flowers throughout the king’s realm and return to the former pond to rain flowers. Huizhao classifies these latter three places as repaying the merchant, the king, and the place of birth. The scripture itself narrates each act in its place.


Cross-Reading · Carrying Forward

Carrying Forward from Curing Illness. Curing Illness first relates Flowing Water’s treatment of the people throughout the realm. The present chapter continues with their recovery, cultivation of merit, and praise of the great king of physicians. Huizhao says the preceding chapter extensively presents the causes and conditions while this one directly explains the cause of prediction. Zhili’s line-by-line record places 「〈除病〉、〈流水〉」—“Curing Illness and Flowing Water” 〔T39n1786 0150b27〕 under a single major division. Scriptural events and ancient outline language thus both substantiate the connection.

Carrying Forward from Water and Food to Dharma-Food. Flowing Water’s vow does not stop with saving lives once: 「願於來世當施法食充濟無邊」—“in future lives may I give the food of Dharma and sustain boundless beings” 〔T16n0665 0449b25〕. He immediately invokes the buddha’s name, teaches dependent arising, and proclaims the dhāraṇī. At the end, the Buddha again names these roots of goodness in explaining heavenly rebirth and the cause of prediction. Water, food, Dharma, and buddha-name are listed together as roots of the fishes’ heavenly birth.

Carrying Forward from This Chapter to Giving Up the Body. This chapter concludes by identifying the 10,000 fish as the 10,000 divine princes. The next chapter explicitly carries this forward with 「世尊已為大眾說此十千天子往昔因緣」—“the World-Honored One had explained to the great assembly these 10,000 divine princes’ past causes and conditions” 〔T16n0665 0450c22〕, and turns from 『非但施水及食』—“not only giving water and food” to the past cause of giving up the body. This is the scripture’s own interchapter transition; no physical fascicle seam substitutes for its line of meaning.

Cross-Reading Cien, Tiantai, and Sanlun. Huizhao reads through the arising mind, rescuing suffering and giving happiness, two explicit-esoteric explanations, four gates of dependent arising, and the causes and conditions of prediction. Zhiyi and Zhili unfold the meanings of giving water and flowing water, the ten epithets, twelve causes and conditions, and four virtues. Jizang distinguishes compassion toward another class, material and Dharma giving, and the proximate cause of prediction. The three lineages cross-read and carry forward the same scriptural events while each school’s doctrinal explanations remain its own and are noted without adjudicating.


Placement of the Editions

  1. The reader text of this translation-commentary takes only Yijing’s T16n0665 chapter body at 0448c23–0450c14 as its base text. The fascicle-nine end title, fascicle-ten opening title, fascicle-ten translator attribution, and Chapter 26 title do not belong to this chapter.
  2. Chapter 16 of T16n0663 at 0352b16–0353c20 and Chapter 21 of T16n0664 at 0395b20–0396c18 are alternate translation witnesses to the same story. The chapter titles, addressees, name correspondences, expansions and abbreviations, punctuation, and concluding identifications of all three recensions retain their original characters. All 1,047 differences in the three tables are listed, and their direction is not used to infer textual priority.
  3. The dhāraṇī corresponding to the twelvefold dependent arising, the four kings’ verses and protective formula, and the assembly’s understanding in T665 have no corresponding passage in the specified chapter bodies of the two earlier recensions. This records only the fact of chapter-body alignment and makes no inference about textual origin or priority.
  4. Huizhao’s principal commentary is limited to T39n1788 0326b02–0331a11; table-of-contents material at the beginning of the work is not treated as principal commentary. Scripture quoted by Huizhao remains part of T1788 and does not exchange anchors with the text of T665.
  5. Zhiyi’s line-by-line commentary is taken from T39n1785 0082a06–0082b05; Zhili’s line-by-line record from T39n1786 0152b15–0153c13; and Jizang’s line-by-line commentary from T39n1787 0173a01–0173a17. T1784 is used only for side illumination at the profound-meaning layer; no line-by-line passage on this chapter is fabricated for T1783.
  6. The two formula passages reproduce T665’s original characters, full-width spaces, repeated syllables, graphic variants, and interlinear note without semantic translation or regularization. Formula texts cited in ancient commentaries remain within those works and are not used to alter the base text.

This chapter sees suffering through great compassion, seeks water through skillful means, sustains life through giving, and continues Dharma-life through a buddha’s name, dependent arising, and dhāraṇī. It finally discloses the fruit of roots of goodness through repayment, identification, and prediction. Because the differences among three translations and four ancient commentarial records are all explicitly noted, readers can see the causes and conditions carrying the rescue of fish forward to a prediction of awakening without conflating witnesses or deciding on the ancient masters’ behalf.

Translator · 釋慧鏡 Shi Huijing — with AI-assisted consistency checking

License · CC BY-NC-SA 4.0